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Biomedical subjects

D Morgan

Publications and source records attributed to D Morgan.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Dislocated arytenoid: an intubation-induced injury.

Three reports describing the morbidity resulting from intubation-induced arytenoid cartilage dislocation are presented. Significant factors contributing to such an injury are: retrognathia, dental malocclusion, a large tongue base and intubation inexperience. We advise that in all patients who undergo a difficult intubation the possibility of arytenoid dislocation should be considered. A ventilating bronchoscope should be readily available upon extubation, to deal with any acute airway problem that may arise. Treatment modalities are discussed and the advantages of a combined anaesthetic and ENT approach highlighted.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗
PubMed1989

Psychiatric cases: an ethnography of the referral process.

Investigation into the referral histories of a consecutive series of new patients attending two psychiatric out-patient clinics questioned the assumption that only the more severe and problematic cases are selected by general practitioners for specialist referral. In 40% of cases, clinical indications only became decisive in relation to emergent difficulties in managing the case, while 38% of patients or their relatives requested referral. The implications of these observations are considered in relation to alternative models of psychiatric intervention in the management of psychosocial disorders in primary care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Differential effects of human papillomavirus type 6, 16, and 18 DNAs on immortalization and transformation of human cervical epithelial cells.

The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with specific benign and malignant lesions of the skin and mucosal epithelia. Cloned viral DNAs from HPV types 6b, 16, and 18 associated with different pathological manifestations of genital neoplasia in vivo were introduced into primary human cervical epithelial cells by electroporation. Cells transfected with HPV16 or HPV18 DNA acquired indefinite lifespans, distinct morphological alterations, and anchorage-independent growth (HPV18), and contain integrated transcriptionally active viral genomes. HPV6b or plasmid electroporated cells senesced at low passage. The alterations in growth and differentiation of the cells appear to reflect the progressive oncogenic processes that result in cervical carcinoma in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Philadelphia's capitation plan for mental health services.

Dr. Sharfstein's Introduction: Prospective payment is the major economic change that is reshaping the delivery of medical care. Capitation financing for the chronic mentally ill is an innovative and promising alternative to underfunded and bureaucratically rigid public programs on the one hand and underfunded retrospective cost-based Medicaid programs on the other. This month's column describes one such capitation plan. Its impact on the target population as well as on the use of resources by persons with long-term and severe mental illnesses will require close evaluation.

Capitation Fee↗
PubMed1989

Function, location, and regulation of the src protein-tyrosine kinase.

The physiological roles, precise locations, and relevant targets of the 60 kD protein-tyrosine kinase encoded by viral and cellular src genes p60src are not known, despite intensive study. We describe recent work that bears upon these unresolved problems: (i) p60c-src is phosphorylated during mitosis on threonine and serine residues by the protein kinase encoded by the mammalian homologue of cdc2, suggesting that c-src may contribute to the phenotype of mitotic cells; (ii) multiple regions in the amino-terminal portion of p60src are required for its proper intracellular localization--a short signal for myristylation and signals for association with cytoplasmic granules and with perinuclear and plasma membranes; and (iii) regions (called SH3 and SH2) upstream of the kinase domain modulate the behavior of p60src in complex ways, with some mutations in SH2 rendering p60 host-dependent for transformation. The latter mutants may prove to be powerful tools for identifying proteins that modify or serve as targets for src-encoded protein-tyrosine kinases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Corrective shoes and inserts as treatment for flexible flatfoot in infants and children.

We performed a prospective study to determine whether flexible flatfoot in children can be influenced by treatment. One hundred and twenty-nine children who had been referred by pediatricians, and for whom the radiographic findings met the criteria for flatfoot, were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Group I, controls; Group II, treatment with corrective orthopaedic shoes; Group III, treatment with a Helfet heel-cup; or Group IV, treatment with a custom-molded plastic insert. All of the patients in Groups II, III, and IV had a minimum of three years of treatment, and ninety-eight patients whose compliance with the protocol was documented completed the study. Analysis of radiographs before treatment and at the most recent follow-up demonstrated a significant improvement in all groups (p less than 0.01), including the controls, and no significant difference between the controls and the treated patients (p greater than 0.4). We concluded that wearing corrective shoes or inserts for three years does not influence the course of flexible flatfoot in children.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Problem solving, recall, and mapping relations in isomorphic transfer and nonisomorphic transfer among preschoolers and elementary school children.

Analogical problem-solving processes were studied in 4 experiments using 5- and 7-move scheduling problems. Subjects were preschool and elementary school children. On each acquisition trial, the child heard a list of statements representing the exact series of moves necessary to solve the problem and was immediately asked to recall the list. Physical materials representing the problem were then produced and the child was asked to solve it. In transfer only setting/constraint information was provided prior to problem solving. In the first study, mapping processes were explored in nonisomorphic transfer tasks with different constraints and problem spaces. Mapping processes were very good, except when a feature of the base was mapped to a misleading cue in the transfer problems. The second study revealed that combining the problem-solving task with the recall task facilitated isomorphic transfer but not nonisomorphic transfer. The 2 remaining studies revealed that preschool children show excellent isomorphic transfer in both 5- and 7-move problems. The major developmental difference was in how the children ordered the propositions in their recall protocols. The findings were discussed in terms of problem spaces, flexibility of transfer, and developmental theory.

Child↗
PubMed1989

I have AIDS.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Transformation of C127 mouse fibroblasts by human papillomavirus 16.

We have compared the ability of cloned DNAs of HPV16, a human papillomavirus associated with cervical carcinoma, and BPV1, a papillomavirus inducing skin lesions in cattle, to transform murine C127 cells. Unlike BPV1, HPV16 DNA failed to induce foci when C127 cells were transfected and maintained as monolayers; HPV16-transformed C127 cells could only be detected after cotransfection with HPV16 and pSV2neo DNA, selection for resistance to G418, and assay of pooled selectants for colony growth in agar. HPV16 and BPV1 C127 cells differed in terms of the size and morphology of their colonies in agar, but not in their colony-forming efficiencies. In addition, the tumors they induced in nude mice were clearly histologically distinct, with the HPV16 C127 tumors considerably more anaplastic. The HPV16 C127 cells contained viral DNA at high copy numbers integrated at random sites in the C127 genome, while the BPV1 C127, as expected, contained episomal BPV1 DNA molecules. The high complexity of the integrated HPV16 DNA was maintained in the pooled cells grown through extended passage in vitro, in clonal lines derived from single agar colonies, in nude mouse tumors induced by the cells, and in a nude mouse tumor-derived cell line, indicating the stability of the HPV16 sequences in the cells. HPV16 transcripts in the transformed C127 cells were present in three size classes (1.5, 2, and 4 kilobases) on Northern blots. The different transformed phenotypes in the same cell line induced by two structurally similar, yet distinct viruses imply differences in the underlying transforming mechanisms and possible different virus-host cell molecular interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Nitrofurans in the treatment of gastritis associated with Campylobacter pylori. The Gastrointestinal Physiology Working Group of Cayetano Heredia and The Johns Hopkins Universities.

We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized treatment study in Peruvian adults with antral gastritis associated with Campylobacter pylori. Patients received either 400 mg of furazolidone (n = 14), 400 mg of nitrofurantoin (n = 24), or a placebo (n = 31) for 14 days. Endoscopy was carried out at baseline, 1 day after ceasing therapy, and 6 wk after the end of treatment to verify colonization by C. pylori and determine the extent of gastric inflammation. Treatment with nitrofurantoin or furazolidone markedly reduced or, in some cases, cleared C. pylori from the antrum (p less than 0.0005 compared with placebo). Resolution of acute gastric inflammation, as evidenced by decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and regeneration of the mucus layer, paralleled the reduction in bacterial colonization (p less than 0.005 compared with placebo). A high percentage of patients experienced relapse (recolonization by C. pylori and return to pretreatment levels of gastritis) within 6 wk after cessation of treatment. Significant relief of dyspeptic symptoms was not evident during the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Tongue resection with the CO2 laser: the effects of past radiotherapy on postoperative complications.

A clinical study was undertaken in 21 patients to assess the effects of past radiotherapy on complications after tongue resection with the CO2 laser. Ten of the 11 irradiated patients experienced postoperative problems such as pain, haemorrhage, oedema, infection, delayed healing and poor function, while only one of the 10 non-irradiated patients had a problem due to minor bleeding after laser surgery. It is concluded that the CO2 laser is useful for primary excision of accessible tumours in the anterior tongue, but may be associated with more postoperative complications if the tongue has previously been irradiated. Where the tongue resection is part of a more radical excision, the CO2 laser is less advantageous.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fetal rights.

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Female↗
PubMed1988

Monocyte procoagulant activity as a peripheral marker of clotting activation in cancer patients.

Peripheral blood monocytes generate the procoagulant tissue factor in vitro and in vivo in response to stimulation by a variety of agents. Monocytes from cancer patients generate significantly increased tissue factor and a quantitative relationship exists between the levels of monocyte tissue factor (MTF) and levels of circulating fibrinopeptide A (FPA), a marker of in vivo clotting activation. Furthermore, monocytes from cancer patients have a greater procoagulant response to stimulation by endotoxin in vitro, which appears independent of lymphocyte regulation. These findings suggest a priming process in vivo, and may reflect exposure of monocytes to tumor antigen(s) or components of the immune response to tumors.

Animals↗