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Biomedical subjects

D Monchy

Publications and source records attributed to D Monchy.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Characterization of hepatitis B surface antigen strains circulating in the Kingdom of Cambodia.

A collection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-reactive serum specimens from the Pasteur Institute of Cambodia was investigated for the genotype, predicted serotype and the presence of diagnostically significant mutations in the surface protein. From a set of 794 samples, 15 were identified serologically to harbour possible HBsAg mutants and were investigated further. An additional 20 samples were included into the study for PCR and sequence analysis. Of the 22 samples which were HBV-DNA-positive, 16 were of genotype C with the remaining six being genotype B. Point mutations resulting in amino acid substitutions were noted in 10 samples. The majority of these mutations occurred outside the a determinant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Diagnosis and treatment of invasive cervical cancer in Cambodia (apropos of 35 cases)].

Uterine cervix cancer is an important public health problem in developing countries. In Cambodia, incidence (24. 10-5) and mortality (12,77. 10-5) rates due to this cancer are higher than in other southeast Asian countries. 35 consecutive women with a diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer were identified from the histology laboratory of the Institut Pasteur in Phnom Penh. Information on history, clinical findings, ancillary investigations and treatment were obtained by clinical files review. Patients were from Phnom Penh, the main city and from outlying provinces. The mean age was 50 years, 2 months. They all presented with clinical symptoms at the time of diagnosis, and lesions had spread beyond the uterus in nearly half of the cases. Squamous cell carcinoma (80%) was more frequent than adenocarcinoma (14%). Microinvasive squamous cell carcinomas were rare (2.8%). Treatment was mainly surgical, but lacked standardization, as radical hysterectomy including lymphadenectomy was not systematic, even when the tumor spread beyond the uterine cervix. Few women that required adjuvant radiotherapy received it as this technique has only recently been introduced in Cambodia. Many patients were lost to follow-up. None of the cases was detected by pap smear. This technique is not in general use in the country. Cervical cancer screening could be carried out by visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid wash that is less expensive and nearly as sensitive as pap smear. Treatments are still insufficiently standardized, due to the lack of technical means, and lack of patient compliance.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2004

[Prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and E virus markers among patients with elevated levels of Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase in Phnom Penh (Cambodia) and Nha Trang (Central Vietnam)].

In order to describe the respective part of viral hepatitis in liver diseases observed in Cambodia and Vietnam, ninety consecutive patients with Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > or = 100 Ul/l were tested for hepatitis A, B, C and E markers in Phnom Penh and Nha Trang. The markers were IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV IgM), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCVAb) and IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV IgG). Recruited patients were predominantly adults and male (sex ratio 76%). Among these patients, 81% were tested positive to at least one marker in Nha Trang and 79% in Phnom Penh. In Nha Trang, HBsAg was more frequent (73%) than anti-HCV Ab (9%) while in Phnom Penh both markers were closely similar (HBsAg: 41%, anti-HCV Ab: 39%). In both population samples, HBsAg was more prevalent among young people whereas anti-HCV Ab were only detected in adults. No case of acute HAV infection was diagnosed in Nha Trang while anti-HAV IgM were detected in 20% of Cambodian patients. Anti-HEV IgG were infrequent (2% in Nha Trang, 5.5% in Phnom Penh). Only one case was notified, a male Vietnamese patient probably suffering from acute hepatitis E. More studies would be useful to improve the control measures against viral hepatitis in the public health programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Frequency of G6PD deficiency in a group of preschool-aged children in a centrally located area of Cambodia].

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of G6PD deficiency and assess its impact on morbidity, especially anemia, in preschool-aged children in Cambodia. A total of 151 children including 82 boys and 69 girls from the Kandal province near Phnom Penh were studied. Ages ranged from 8 to 69 months. Blood was collected in EDTA-coated tubes. Blood counts were performed with an ABX Micros 60 system and G6PD in red blood cells was measured with a Roche Cobas Mira Plus system using Gamma reagents. G6PD deficiency was found in 14 cases (13.4% of boys and 4.3% of girls). Deficiency was complete in 7.3% of children and partial in 2%. Anemia defined as hemoglobin concentration less than 110 g/l was detected in 29.1% of children. No case of anemia could be attributed to enzyme deficiency since no sign of hemolysis was observed in any of the three children presenting both conditions. Further study is needed on G6PD deficiency in Cambodia including malaria-endemic areas and on the frequency and severity of jaundice due to enzyme deficiency in newborns.

Cambodia↗
PubMed1999

[Survey of lymphatic filariasis on Ouvea Island in New Caledonia].

Several cases of Bancroftian filariasis were recently reported on Ouvea Island which is part of the archipelago of New Caledonia located in the south Pacific Ocean. Following these reports systematic screening was carried out in a group of 382 adult consultees at two medical dispensaries. Tests to detect microfilariae in the blood and antibodies in serum were performed at the Pasteur Institute in New Caledonia and the Malarde Institute in Papeete, French Polynesia, respectively. Of the two subjects with manifestations consistent with filariasis, one was seropositive but neither presented microfilariae. Overall 14 subjects (3.7 p. 100) presented microfilariae and 124 were seropositive (33.5 p. 100). The serologic index was significantly higher in men than in women (6.1 p. 100 vs 2.1 p. 100). Parasitic and serologic indexes were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in subjects living in the northern than southern part of the island. As in previous studies in New Caledonia, present data showed that Bancrofitian filariasis is asymptomatic on Ouvea Island. This finding contrasts with the symptomatic forms described on other islands in the south Pacific.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[29 cases of malaria introduced into New Caledonia from 1992 to 1995].

Although located in a tropical zone of the South Pacific, the island of New Caledonia is malaria-free. This retrospective study of imported malaria was conducted jointly by the Pasteur Institute of New Caledonia and the Gaston Bourret Territorial Hospital between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 1995. A total of 29 patients were hospitalized for malaria. Most contracted the disease in Vanuatu. Plasmodium vivax was involved more often than Plasmodium falciparum (22 vs. 11). No case was severe, complicated, or fatal. In most cases treatment consisted of quinine followed by mefloquine. The median duration of hospitalization was 5.7 days. Since the annual incidence of imported malaria is significantly higher in New Caledonia than in France, the authors propose that a Travelers Information Center should be set up in New Caledonia to improve prophylaxis against malaria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Nodular breast filariasis: diagnosis by fine needle aspiration.

Bancroftian filariasis is a tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes that most often causes lymphadenitis. This article reports on a breast nodule due to Wuchereria bancrofti in a woman living in New Caledonia. The diagnosis was done by fine needle aspiration, which showed several microfilariae and avoided surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Malignant pilomatrixoma of the scalp.

A 33 yr old man with a history of pilomatrixoma of the scalp, presented 5 mths later with a metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma in a submandibular lymph node. The cutaneous and lymph node tumors showed close histological similarity and features of malignancy. Investigations over 30 mths excluded a primary neoplasm elsewhere and consequently led to the diagnosis of malignant pilomatrixoma. These tumors are rare and most often located on the scalp. Most of the affected patients are middle age males. Wide excision is advised to avoid recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Leprosy in New Caledonia from 1983 to 1992. Histopathological and epidemiological data].

New Caledonia is a South Pacific Island inhabited by more than 170,000 people: most of them are melanesians or europeans. Multidrug therapy for Hansen disease has been employed since 1983; so we made an epidemiologic and histopathologic study of the new cases diagnosed for 10 years, from 1983 to 1992. Local (clinical, histological, microbiological and immunological) means of diagnosis are described. In New Caledonia, the endemic level is lower than in the small neighbouring Pacific islands but there is still a native reservoir of Mycobacterium leprae with 40% multibacillary types. Nearly half of the new cases are less than 25 years old. They are often male melanesians. The diagnosis of indeterminate forms is debated when there is no acid-fast bacillus. Border-line forms are rare. Tuberculoid leprosy poses many differential diagnosis problems. Despite available multidrug therapy, one cannot yet consider that the incidence is decreasing significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Cutaneous malignant melanoma in New Caledonia (South Pacific) 1973-1991. A study of 97 cases].

The Cancer Registries have been operational in the South Pacific since 1958 (Papua New Guinea), Fiji (1965) and New Caledonia (1977) and complete cancer incidence rates are available, based on histologic data. We studied 97 melanomas, histologically confirmed, which were diagnosed in New Caledonia from 1973 to 1991. New Caledonia is located in the same latitude as Queensland in Australia, known for having the highest incidence of melanoma in the world. Standardised incidence rates (world population) were 9.82 and 7.65/100,000/year for European males and females, compared to 1.65 and 1.05 for Melanesian and Polynesian males and females. The European population is exposed and Melanesians/Polynesians are relatively protected as are black Americans or Africans. The mixed populations are protected, but no study is available as to the exact proportion of mixed people (20%?) in the entire population. For Europeans, among males, the main areas in which melanomas occur are the trunk (45%) the arm (13%) and the leg (13%). Among females, the main areas are the leg (27%), the trunk (20%) and the head (18%). Screening for melanoma has been more effective in the last 6 years, a period in which we diagnosed half the total cases and generally at earlier stages. Prognosis was poor for this period (1973-1991): the five year survival rates were 64% +/- 8%, not as good as in Europe or Australia, but these lesions were diagnosed between 1973 and 1985 and were generally more invasive. A better prognosis will probably be observed in a few years, and another evaluation of melanoma screening should be made in the future as well the study of precursors and early lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body. Apropos of a case and review of the literature].

A case of ocular medulloepithelioma is reported and the authors review the literature concerning these rare tumors. This report concerns a ten-month-old girl in whom ophthalmic examination showed a large tumor arising in the ciliary body with such rapid progression that enucleation was necessary. Pathological findings were compatible with a malignant teratoid medulloepithelioma. According to preceding descriptions, slit lamp examination and ultrasonography are the best approach to the diagnosis. Medulloepithelioma is a tumor composed of poorly differentiated neuroepithelial cells and the predominant histological feature is a net-like pattern. Teratoid forms contain cartilage or brain tissue or bundles of skeletal muscle. The main criterion for malignancy is the presence of neuroblastic cells. Local excision is sufficient when the tumor is mall, otherwise enucleation or even exenteration may be necessary. The prognosis is generally good even when the tumor presents malignant features on pathological examination, provided treatment is instituted rapidly.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deep-seated fungal diseases in the South Pacific, especially in New Caledonia.

The main deep-seated fungal diseases and their encountered pathology in New Caledonia and other islands of the South Pacific are reviewed (1970-96). Cryptococcosis is encountered in all islands of the South Pacific, Australia and Papua New Guinea, with a predominance of variety gattii, which is associated with some species of Eucalyptus. Histoplasmosis is not uncommon, and there was an epidemic in New Caledonia in 1994 among people who had visited a bat-inhabited cave. Mycetomas, in particular presenting as pale granules in tissues, are encountered in New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, Fiji and French Polynesia. Other fungal infections, such as zygomycosis, sporotrichosis (three cases) and chromomycosis (six cases) are rarely observed in New Caledonia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary dirofilariasis].

Dirofilariosis usually concerns dogs among which it is transmitted by mosquito bites. Human infection is rare and we describe here a case observed in a 75 years old woman in New Caledonia. A systematic pulmonary radiograph showed suspicious pulmonary nodules. At microscopic examination one can see pulmonary infarctus with thrombosis and Dirofilaria immitis inside a vessel. Diagnosis is usually made by histologic examination because biological investigations are of a little interest. Surgical treatment is enough. Chemioprophylaxia for dogs can reduce the risks of man infection.

Aged↗