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Biomedical subjects

D Molnár

Publications and source records attributed to D Molnár.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Multi-metabolic syndrome in obese children].

The occurrence of multimetabolic syndrome was studied in 114 (63 boys, 51 girls) obese children. From the blood sample taken after on overnight fast blood sugar, serum insulin, and lipid levels were determined. During oral glucose tolerance test blood sugar concentrations were followed. Body mass index, body fat (on the basis of skinfold measurements), lean body mass and waist/hip ratio were calculated and blood pressure was measured 6 times in all subjects. Multimetabolic syndrome was found in 16% of boys and 19.6% of girls. No significant sex difference in the frequency of multimetabolic syndrome was found. Patients with multimetabolic syndrome could not be characterized by high waist/hip ratio any other antropometric parameter. The duration of obesity was significantly higher in subjects with multimetabolic syndrome than in those not suffering from the syndrome. This finding supports the hypothesis that the development of the multimetabolic syndrome is a process. The authors emphasize the significance of this problem and the importance of early recognition and prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Measured and predicted resting metabolic rate in obese and nonobese adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: The validity of equations for the calculation of resting metabolic rate (RMR) were studied and new predictive equations were developed. STUDY DESIGN: The RMR was measured in a sample of 371 10- to 16-year-old prepubertal and postpubertal children. The study group included 193 male (116 nonobese and 77 obese) and 178 female (119 nonobese and 59 obese) subjects; for each group the RMRs predicted from five equations recommended for this age group were compared. The RMR was assessed by indirect calorimetry with a ventilated hood system for 45 minutes after an overnight fast. Body composition was estimated from skin-fold measurements. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD RMR was found to be 5600 +/- 972 kJ/24 hr and 7223 +/- 1220 kJ/24 hr in nonobese and obese boys, and 5112 +/- 632 kJ/24 hr and 6665 +/- 1106 kJ/24 hr in nonobese and obese girls, respectively. All five equations applicable to 10- to 16-year-old children overestimated RMR by 7.5% to 18.1% (p < 0.001 for each equation). Stepwise regression analysis, with independent variables such as age, weight, height, and gender, allowed development of new predictive equations for the calculation of RMR in 10- to 16-year-old boys (RMR = 50.9 Weight (kg) + 25.3 Height (cm) -50.3 Age (yr) + 26.9; R2 = 0.884, p < 0.0001) and girls (RMR = 51.2 Weight (kg) + 24.5 Height (cm) - 207.5 Age (yr) + 1629.8; R2 = 0.824, p < 0.0001). These predictive equations were tested in a second, independent cohort of children (80 male and 61 female subject) and were found to give a reliable estimate of RMR in 10- to 16-year-old obese and nonobese adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The currently used predictive equations overestimate RMR in 10- to 16-year-old children. The use of the newly developed equations is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effect of meal frequency on postprandial thermogenesis in obese children.

The effect of meal frequency on the thermic effect of food (TEF) was studied in six obese boys and five obese girls (age: mean +/- SE, 12.7 +/- 0.6 yr). Post-absorptive and postprandial resting energy expenditure (REE) were monitored continuously by indirect calorimetry. The children consumed one large liquid meal (LM) or three consecutive small meals (SM) at 1.5 h intervals on subsequent days. The first mode of nutrient intake was determined random. The energy content of the LM and one SM was tailored to provide 30% and 10% of the 24 h postabsorptive REE, respectively. The postprandial changes in REE were monitored for 6 h. The postabsorptive REE (mean +/- SE) was 4.86 +/- 0.28 and 4.9 +/- 0.27 kJ/min before the LM and SM, respectively. REE, respiratory quotient, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations increased sooner, steeper and higher with the LM than with the SM. The magnitude of the TEF was greater (p < 0.02) after the LM (11.9 +/- 1.3%) than after the SM (8.5 +/- 0.7%). It is concluded that the frequency of food consumption influences the immediate thermogenic response as well as the changes in respiratory quotient, glycaemia and insulinaemia. However, the complex effect of different meal frequencies on the overall energy balance of obese patients cannot be answered on the basis of the present results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Lipid- and lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in the first 8 months of low-weight (less than or equal to 1500 g) premature infants].

Lipid levels were determined in 30 low birthweight (less than or equal to 1500 g) preterm infants (birthweight: 1122 +/- 192 g, gestational age: 29,0 +/- 1,7 weeks, mean +/- SD) on the 1st, 14th, 28th, 42nd and 56th days of life. Triglyceride and cholesterol were measured by a Boehringer kit, while HDL-cholesterol and its subfractions by microprecipitation methods. Both triglyceride and cholesterol levels increased significantly from the 1st to the 14th and from the 14th to the 28th days. VLDL + LDL-cholesterol level increased significantly by the 14th day, while HDL-cholesterol level by the 28th day. From the 1st to the 14th day the increment of cholesterol levels was significantly higher in breast milk-fed newborns (n = 18) than in those receiving formula (n = 12). Consequently, on the 14th, 28th and 42nd days cholesterol levels were significantly higher in breast milk-fed newborns than in those receiving formula. By the age of two months, however, the difference diminished.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1990

The glucose-induced insulin release after adrenalectomy in the rat.

Plasma glucose and insulin levels following glucose loading were investigated in adrenalectomized rats. Both oral and intravenous administration of glucose induced an elevation in plasma glucose and insulin level. The increases of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly higher in the adrenalectomized rats compared with the controls. We conclude, that corticoid hormones are capable of inhibiting glucose-induced insulin release in the rat.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1990

Lack of inhibitory effect of verapamil on glucose-induced insulin release in the rat.

The effect of the calcium-antagonist Verapamil was investigated on the blood glucose and insulin release in rats. Verapamil induced a significant elevation of the blood glucose and increased the insulin release too, however, it was not able to inhibit the glucose-induced insulin release. The authors suggest, that the effect of glucose is not restricted for the calcium turnover of the islets of the pancreas, and may be there are other cellular mechanisms apart from the effect on the calcium movements by which glucose induces insulin release.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

The metabolic and hormonal effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in diabetic children.

To find out whether the concurrent metabolic and hormonal abnormalities are corrected when normoglycaemia is achieved, two groups of diabetic children (newly-diagnosed and chronically-treated) were treated with insulin pumps. Fasting levels of metabolites, lipids and hormones were measured before and after 8 to 10 days of pump treatment and the immediate postprandial hormonal and metabolic changes after a test-meal were also measured. Restoration of normoglycaemia was accompanied by correction of multiple metabolic abnormalities including the normalisation of fasting plasma free insulin, growth hormone, free fatty acid, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. Plasma glucagon, however, decreased below normal, and significant hypoketonaemia developed in newly-diagnosed diabetic children. The fall in (VLDL + LDL)-cholesterol levels was accompanied by a substantial increase in HDL2-cholesterol concentration in newly-diagnosed diabetic children, whereas pump-treatment resulted in a decrease of the HDL3-cholesterol subfraction in chronically-treated diabetic children. The postprandial blood glucose and free insulin profiles were similar to that of control subjects, but there was an "abnormal" postmeal fall in plasma glucagon and free fatty acid levels. These changes together with the fasting hypoglucagonaemia and hypoketonaemia indirectly suggest that optimal glycaemic control is only achievable at the expense of "increased insulin action" despite the failure to detect peripheral hyperinsulinaemia. Furthermore, the restoration of normoglycaemia and the simultaneous normalisation of the metabolic and endocrine milieu is not entirely possible with this mode of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Resting energy expenditure and food-induced thermogenesis in diabetic children receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

The effect of short-term (8-10 days) optimal glycaemic control achieved by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on resting energy expenditure and food-induced thermogenesis was studied. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured by indirect calorimetry in six newly-diagnosed and six chronically-treated diabetic children before and following the consumption of a standardized test meal. The metabolic and hormonal responses to the test meal and nutrient utilization were also assessed and compared with those measured in nine non-diabetic children. The restoration of normoglycaemia was accompanied by hypoglucagonaemia, hypoketonaemia, increased insulin:glucagon ratio and abnormal postmeal fall in free fatty acid levels in spite of normal fasting and post-prandial plasma free insulin levels. These changes suggesting increased insulin action were most pronounced in newly-diagnosed diabetic children. Possibly as a result of increased insulin action high carbohydrate, low fat utilization and increased food-induced thermogenesis were observed in the newly-diagnosed diabetic children. In the chronically-treated group these parameters were approaching the normal. Resting energy expenditure was normal in both groups of diabetics. These findings suggest that precise glycaemic control can be achieved only at the expense of some degree of peripheral hyperinsulinisation which leads to altered nutrient utilization and food-induced thermogenesis in the newly-diagnosed diabetic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Metabolic effects of endotoxin in newborn rabbits.

The metabolic and hormonal effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin injected intraperitoneally (IP) or into the cerebral ventricles (ICV) and that of passive hyperthermia were studied in rabbits aged 6-10 days. Irrespective of the route of administration, endotoxin caused a transient rise in blood glucose with a simultaneous rise in plasma insulin. In contrast, only in the IP, but not in the ICV group, the endotoxin resulted in a rise of the free fatty acid and a fall in the ketone body concentrations by the second hour. The blood level of pyruvate, lactate, alanine and glycerol was not altered by endotoxin. No parameter was affected by the injection of saline or passive hyperthermia.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMed1985

Food-induced thermogenesis in obese children.

In 11 obese children aged 12.5 (+/- 0.7) years with normal glucose tolerance and 7 lean, control children aged 11.9 +/- 0.7 years the preload resting energy expenditure and thermogenic response to a standardised meal was measured by indirect calorimetry. Preload energy expenditure was higher in obese children when expressed in absolute terms than in controls, but was not different when corrected for lean body weight. Four children with obesity of recent onset had lower food-induced thermogenesis and insulin response then seven overweight children with long-standing obesity. Food-induced thermogenesis and insulin response showed a significant positive correlation. It is concluded that food-induced thermogenesis is reduced in the early phase of childhood obesity but increased in the later phase when hyperinsulinaemia develops, pointing towards an important role of insulin in food-induced thermogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of unprocessed wheat bran on blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test in obese children.

Blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations were measured during oral glucose tolerance test in 10 obese children. Oral glucose was given by itself or combined with 15 g unprocessed wheat bran. Bran significantly reduced the blood glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations at 30 min of the tolerance test. It is concluded that supplementation of obese children's diet with unprocessed bran is advantageous.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

Effect of oral and intravenous calcium load on glucose-induced insulin secretion in obese children.

The effect of intravenous (IV) (10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate) and oral (3 g calcium) calcium on plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and blood glucose levels was investigated during intravenous (0.5 g/kg bwt. glucose) and oral (1.75 g/kg bwt. glucose) glucose tolerance test in 21 control (body fat 14.0 +/- 0.5%) and 34 obese (body fat 36.1 +/- 0.7%) children. Calcium given before IV glucose tolerance test and IV or oral calcium by itself did not alter blood glucose and plasma IRI concentrations in either group. Oral calcium load significantly increased the glucose-induced IRI response and decreased the blood glucose levels in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 7) compared to the levels without calcium. Since IV calcium did not alter the plasma IRI concentration, it has been assumed that oral calcium exerts its effect by influencing the secretion of an insulin secretogogue gastrointestinal factor (gastric inhibitory polypeptide ?). This effect, however, was observed only in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

Intravenous glucose tolerance test in childhood obesity: metabolite levels and their relation to glucose utilization rate (KG).

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in 33 obese and 12 nonobese children. In addition to the glucose disappearance rate the changes in response to the glucose load in plasma insulin, FFA, glycerol, cholesterol, triglyceride, lactate and pyruvate were examined. The relationship between biochemical parameters and the glucose disappearance rate was also studied. 1. Reduced glucose tolerance, basal and glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia were frequent in the obese children. 2. Normal or reduced glucose tolerance in spite of the apparent hyperinsulinaemia and the negative correlation between fasting insulin level and KG in the nonhypertriglyceridaemic obese group was the marker of insulin resistance in overweight children. 3. The reduced elevation of FFA in the 2nd hour of the intravenous glucose tolerance test might be the sign of an impaired lipolysis in obesity. 4. The significant negative correlation found between KG, fasting FFA and triglyceride levels in certain obese subgroups suggested the importance of FFA and triglyceride in the regulation of peripheral glucose utilization.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

Effect of glucagon infusion on some plasma metabolites and hormones in obese children.

The metabolic and hormonal effects of glucagon infusion (6 micrograms/kg/h) for three hours were studied in obese children. Glucagon caused a sustained hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia and a lower than normal (non-obese) growth hormone response. Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, glycerol and the majority of the free amino acids showed a significant decrease in comparison with the controls, while free fatty acids showed a moderate decrease. Glucagon administration revealed some hormonal and metabolic abnormalities of obesity. The effect of glucagon-induced insulin secretion and the action of pharmacologic doses of glucagon have, however, to be considered in the interpretation of the metabolic effect of glucagon.

Amino Acids↗