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Biomedical subjects

D Miller

Publications and source records attributed to D Miller.

927 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The impending Canadian prostate cancer epidemic.

PURPOSE: To model and forecast prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Canada to the year 2016. METHODS: Bivariate multiplicative models of prostate cancer incidence and mortality for Canadian men aged 45 years or older, linear in time and Weibull in age, were fitted using weighted non-linear regression. RESULTS: The number of incident cases of prostate cancer is forecast to increase from 11,355, observed in 1990, to 26,900 by the year 2010 and to 35,200 by the year 2016. The number of deaths are estimated to climb from 3,424, observed in 1991, to an estimated 6,300 by the year 2010, and to 7,800 by the year 2016. CONCLUSIONS: The dramatic increase in prostate cancer rates with age, coupled with the expected large increase in the elderly Canadian male population and steadily increasing prostate cancer incidence rates will produce very large increases in the number of men who will have prostate cancer over the next 20 years. This has important implications for health care delivery in the future.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary intakes of participants in the IditaSport Human Powered Ultra-marathon.

Because very little nutritional research has been conducted on participants in ultra marathons and none has been reported on participants in cold weather ultramarathons, this study was undertaken with the purpose of examining the nutritional intakes and urine characteristics of participants in a cold weather ultramarathon. Fourteen participants (13 males and 1 female) in the IditaSport human powered ultramarathon volunteered to be subjects in this study. Pre and post race weights, skinfolds, and urine samples were taken. In addition, a dietary recall was done for the day(s) of the race. Data analysis revealed that a mean of 30,864 (17,143) kJ of energy were consumed with 71% of the energy coming from carbohydrate sources. Despite no significant change in body fat as measured by skinfolds, there was a significant (P < 0.5) decrease in body weight. Ketonuria and proteinuria were present in 83 percent and 92 percent of the subjects. When compared with participants in endurance events taking place in warmer climates, competitors in the IditaSport races consumed more energy with carbohydrates making up a greater percentage of their diets.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunosuppression in pediatric transplant patients.

Nurses in a variety of acute care settings are caring for children receiving transplants. Nurses caring for pediatric transplant patients need to understand the cellular components of the immune system; graft rejection and how it directs immunosuppressive therapy; and specific immunosuppressive agents with their appropriate application in the clinical setting. This knowledge provides a foundation for understanding aspects of nursing interventions as they relate to the pediatric transplant patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparisons of pain ratings from postoperative children, their mothers, and their nurses.

PURPOSE: To identify whether nurses and mothers of pediatric patients accurately assess the child's pain intensity as determined by the child. METHOD: A descriptive correlational design examined the perception of pain from a nonrandom convenience sample of 20 postoperative school-aged children, their mothers, and their nurses. A 100 mm visual analogue scale was completed by all participants at 3 separate observations. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was used to analyze relationships between the dyads. FINDINGS: The mother/child dyad showed significant relationships at observations 1 and 2; these correlations were higher than other correlations at each observation. There were significant relationships for the child/nurse dyad at observations 1 and 2, and for the mother/nurse dyad at observation 1. CONCLUSIONS: Mothers may be a valuable source of information in assessing their child's pain. The use of pain assessment tools may need to be examined and incorporated into nurses' practice, and assessments of children's pain may need to integrate more data pertaining to developmental level.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adaptation of the VOR in patients with low VOR gains.

Six subjects with histories of vertigo and with vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gains less than 0.5 were tested in an adaptation protocol. After initial VOR testing in the dark, the subjects had a computer-driven visual display system placed on their heads. The system had the capability for variation of visual image magnification. The magnification was set to be 5% greater than the subject's average VOR gain. Subjects then performed active head movements as they carried out a visual searching task looking for objects in a panoramic scene. After 6 minutes with each image, the magnification was increased by 3 to 5%. The process was repeated for a total of 5 images, for a total increase in magnification of approximately 20% over 30 minutes. The VOR gain was measured again. In 17 of 18 conditions tested, the VOR gain increased. The average increase was 16%. Significant increases in VOR gain occurred at 0.32 and 0.64 Hz. The VOR gain increase in these patients occurred in a visual environment that lowered VOR gain in normal subjects. These results suggest that the VOR has an adaptation mechanism tuned to correct for small changes in required gain. Further research is necessary to determine if this method can result in persistent VOR gain improvements and reduction in symptoms and disability in patients with vestibular disorders.

Adaptation, Physiological↗