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Biomedical subjects

D Miller

Publications and source records attributed to D Miller.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The effect of H2-blocking agents on systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pigs.

Theoretically, histamine H2 antagonists could aggravate allergic bronchoconstriction (1) by increasing mediator release, and (2) by blocking histamine-induced bronchodilatation. We measured dynamic compliance, subdivisions of lung volume, and mortality in immunized guinea pigs after parenteral administration of antigen, with and without pretreatment with the H2-blocking agents cimetidine and metiamide. Administration of antigen caused significant mortality as well as decreases in dynamic compliance, total lung capacity, and vital capacity and increases in functional residual capacity. The prior administration of cimetidine or metiamide did not protect against or enhance these effects of antigen challenge.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1980

The etiology of nasopharyngeal cancer and its management.

In dealing with the nasopharyngeal cancer problem, we find a fascinating pathologic entity, which acts in a varied fashion depending on the ethnic origin of the patient with a possible genetic basis for its etiology. More recently we have become aware of the possible etiology, i.e., the role of the Epstein-Barr virus in cancer of the nasopharynx. The earlier the diagnosis is made, in view of the present radiotherapeutic advances, the greater the possibility of increasing the cure rate in this disease.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1980

Use of Na-hyaluronate in auto-corneal transplantation in rabbits.

Some of the distressing results found in eyes with clear corneal transplants are secondary glaucoma due to anterior synechiae, a high degree of astigmatism, and loss of large numbers of endothelial cells. In an attempt to decrease these complications, auto corneal transplantation was performed in each eye of fifteen rabbits. Na-hyaluronate, a clear viscous solution, was instilled in one eye prior to suture closure and balanced salt solution was placed in the control eye during suture closure. During the 4-week postoperative period, it was observed that the eyes treated with Na-hyaluronate showed a statistically significant decrease in corneal edema, a lower incidence of anterior synechiae, and a decrease in astigmatism which did not meet rigid statistical significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

John Loewenthal.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Relapse rates following cessation of chemotherapy during complete remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia.

The therapeutic benefit of maintenance chemotherapy beyond three years for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in continuous complete remission was evaluated by the investigators of Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG). Two hundred and twenty leukemic children in first remission for three years or longer and who had received at least three years of continuous chemotherapy were eligible. One hundred and one patients were randomized to either continue chemotherapy for an additional three years or to discontinue therapy, and 119 patients nonrandomly continued or discontinued therapy. The patients had received a variety of chemotherapy regimens. The study period extended from April 1970 until December 1977, with a median follow-up time of 25 months. Relapses occurred in 15 randomized patients (15%). Randomized patients remaining on chemotherapy experienced a statistically significant lower relapse rate than patients randomized to discontinue therapy. Also among randomized patients, bone marrow relapse was significantly more frequent in males than in females. Considering the total patient group, age and white blood count at diagnosis had no significance in predicting relapse. Of relapse events in males, 21% were isolated testicular relapses, identifying the testicles as a major risk site in males completing three years of continuous complete remission. This study demonstrates that continuing chemotherapy beyond three years results in a significant prolongation of remission in males, although the eventual survival outcome for later discontinuance of therapy will require longer follow-up.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Pelvic exsanguination following umbilical artery catheterization in neonates.

Umbilical artery catheterization in 400 newborns was followed by umbilical or hypogastric artery perforation with massive extra- and intraperitoneal bleeding in 7 infants. Common predisposing factors were multiple attempts and insertion against resistance. A characteristic clinical picture developed, including hypotension, abdominal distention, and lower abdominal wall induration and ecchymosis, often extending into the genitalia and upper thighs, with absent femoral pulses. Treatment is immediate transfusion and bilateral umbilical and hypogastric artery ligation. One of seven patients survived.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1979

Substituted 3-amino-1,1-diaryl-2-propanols as potential antidepressant agents.

Following the discovery that 3-(dimethylamino)-1,1-diphenyl-2-propanol hydrobromide (1) possesses potent reserpine-prevention activity in mice, a series of analogues of 1 was synthesized and evaluated as potential antidepressant agents. Several routes to analogues of 1 were evaluated, the most generally applicable of which was the regiospecific ring opening of a suitably functionalized 1,1-diaryl-2,3-epoxypropane (obtained in three stages from the corresponding benzophenone) with the appropriate amine. The more interesting compounds of the series were evaluated for their propensity to cause undesirable peripheral anticholinergic effects, all compounds tested being markedly less active than imipramine on this parameter. On the basis of its good activity in biochemical and pharmacological animal models of depression, together with its relative lack of anticholinergic side effects, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-phenyl-2-propanol hydrochloride (20, BRL 14342) was chosen for further evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of exercise stress on parotid gland secretion.

Parotid secretion of alpha-amylase and potassium (K+) was determined in young adults following intense exercise. Exercise stress led to a significant elevation in alpha-amylase and K+ secretion, indicating an activation of adrenergic receptors supplying the parotid gland. Evidence of circadian variation or adaptation over days was not found.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

In vitro production of sterioid cataract in bovine lens. Part I: measurement of optical changes.

Fresh calf lenses were incubated in nutritive media, to which was added ouabain and dexamethasone phosphate at concentrations of 1 X 10(-4) M. At the end of a three day incubation period, cortical opacification developed in the control series of lenses as well as those lenses incubated in both ouabain and dexamethasone phosphate. Using a light transmission device which quantitates lens opacification, it was noted that dexamethasone produced a level of cortical opacification significantly greater than that of the control series. Ouabain produced a level of cortical opacification statistically identical to that produced by the dexamethasone. It is suggested that the aforementioned light transmission device is an accurate and reproducible method of quantitating cataractous opacification.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

In vitro production of steroid cataract in bovine lens. Part II: measurement of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity.

Fresh calf lesnses incubated in nutritive media containing dexamethasone phosphate or ouabain in concentrations ranging from 1 X 10(-4) M to 1 X 10(-8) M developed cortical opacification and showed significant inhibition of Na(+)-K(+) ATP'ase activity. Over a 3-day incubation period the decrease in Na+-K+ ATP'ase activity correlated well with the observed decrease in light transmission. The degree of enzyme inhibition and decrease in light transmission varied directly with the concentration of dexamethasone phosphate and ouabain, with significant changes observed at 'physiologic' and 'pharmacologic' concentrations of these agents. Lenses incubated for 4 days in dexamethasone phosphate or ouabain showed substantial increases in water content as well as an increase in Na+ and a decrease in K+ concentration. These data suggest that inhibition of the cation pump may play a significant role in the formation of steroid cataract in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Predefinitive and postdefinitive chemotherapy for locally advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck.

Advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck remains refractory to the best combinations of surgery and radiotherapy. Weekly methotrexate in high doses with leucovorin "rescue" is able to produce significant remissions in a majority of patients treated palliatively for recurrent disease yet is associated with little or no toxicity. We have attempted to improve the cure of patients with advanced disease by the use of high dose methotrexate (3-7.5 g/M2) and leucovorin prior to and following definitive surgery and/or radiotherapy. In a series of 24 patients we have achieved a response rate of 52%, with minimal toxicity during chemotherapy, and no apparent potentiation of toxicity with radiotherapy. Survival free of disease appears to be prolonged in patients with response to this chemotherapy. Multimodality approaches to locally advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck may soon yield improved cure rates.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

A new microsurgical corneal trephine.

A new corneal trephine has been described which allows the surgeon to see the circumference of the cutting edge, as well as most of the cornea, lens and iris, while looking through the operating microscope. The trephine has a 3-mm cutting ring supported by an open "branding iron" structure.

Cataract Extraction↗