Health and illness in technological societies.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Mechanic.
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The continuing deinstitutionalization of patients in public mental hospitals and the growth of managed care are fundamentally altering mental health practice. Managed care provides opportunities for achieving parity of insurance coverage between mental and physical illness, but serious problems persist in integrating mental health, substance abuse, and general medical care and assuring an appropriate range of services and programs for persons with serious mental illness residing in community settings. Hospital and community care are poorly coordinated, and hospital care needs to be integrated into a more balanced system of services. Important new roles are emerging for purchasers, patient advocates, and mental health authorities.
Managed care holds the promise of facilitating parity between general medical care and alcohol, drug, and mental health care by reducing expenditures, even while expanding benefits. Limitations in our knowledge of variations in needs and treatment standards for substance use and psychiatric illnesses make such disorders an easy target for management. Costs for behavioral health care services have been reduced at a faster pace than has been the case for general medical care costs. The most severely ill face the potential burdens of managed care as access and intensity of care become more uniform across patient populations.
Physicians complain about the growth of managed care structures and strategies and their effects on treatment autonomy and medical professionalism. Organizational changes and a competitive marketplace make the traditional view less relevant today. New concepts of professionalism are needed that recognize constraints and include patient advocacy within a framework of procedural justice, responsibility for population health, new patient partnerships, and participation in an evidence-based culture. Such changes require more focused efforts in medical education to support the new professionalism.