Biomedical subjects

D McShane

Publications and source records attributed to D McShane.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Intracellular glutathione levels in T cell subsets decrease in HIV-infected individuals.

The authors have shown previously that intracellular glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the regulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription and replication in vitro, through modulation of signal transduction by inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, intracellular GSH levels are known to regulate T-lymphocyte function. In multiparameter FACS studies presented here, we show that relative GSH levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals are significantly lower than in corresponding subsets from uninfected controls. These studies define the relative intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes from 134 HIV-infected individuals and 31 uninfected controls. The greatest decreases in intracellular GSH occur in subsets of T cells in individuals in the later stages of the HIV infection. In AIDS patients, GSH levels are 63% of normal in CD4+ T cells (p less than 0.0001) and are 62% of normal in CD8+ T cells (p less than 0.0001). Similarly, in AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients, GSH levels are 66% of normal in CD4+ T cells (p less than 0.003) and are 69% of normal in CD8+ T cells (p less than 0.003). These findings suggest that low intracellular GSH levels may be an important factor in HIV infection and in the resulting immunodeficiency.

AIDS-Related Complex↗

PubMed1991

Head and neck cancer localization with indium labelled carcinoembryonic antigen: a pilot project.

Antibodies reacting with cancer cells are playing an increasing role in cancer detection. Most antibodies under study are directed at onco-fetal proteins, principally carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA). In terms of imaging, most work has concentrated on the abdominal and pelvic regions. Although the majority of primary head and neck cancers are amiable to clinical identification, detection of regional metastases and recurrences following radiotherapy can be difficult. Antibody to CEA was radiolabelled with Indium-111 and used to identify proven head and neck tumors by external imaging. In seven patients with squamous cell tumors, five of five primary sites and two of three secondary sites were imaged satisfactory. Comparison with conventional scanning showed good correlation. There were no false positive scans, no consistent relationship between serum or tissue CEA levels and the success of imaging was evident. The success of this pilot study should encourage the search for more tumor-specific antigens, and further studies of external scintigraphic techniques in the localization of head and neck cancers.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Hearing aid usage in occupational hearing loss claimants.

Between 1980 and 1986, the Department of Otolaryngology at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, evaluated 3,509 occupational hearing loss claimants for the Workers' Compensation Board of Ontario. Detailed information about work, medical and audiologic findings for each claimant was entered into the departmental database system. The goals of this retrospective analysis were to examine some demographic characteristics and to describe the aural rehabilitation status of this population. Most claimants had bilateral mild or moderate hearing loss but all degrees and patterns of loss occurred. Of 2,657 first-time, reliable claimants, 881 (33.2%) arrived with a hearing aid, typically a monaural, behind-the-ear fitting. Twenty percent with bilateral mild loss owned an aid whereas 38% of claimants with bilateral severe loss did not have one. Ninety percent of aid owners reported that their device was of some help. This level of satisfaction was not affected by age, degree of loss, or speech discrimination ability. Substantial usage was reported for non-work situations. Hearing aids were especially helpful for TV and in small group situations. Ultimately, 81% of all claimants were determined to be hearing aid candidates.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Time-oriented functional profile: practical applications in a stroke data-base model.

The feasibility of transferring data from a large computerized stroke data-base system (BUSTOP) to an existing time-oriented system of proven utility (ARAMIS) is demonstrated. Potential advantages of a time-oriented data-base system include: determination of prognostic indicators, suggestions for therapeutic intervention, analysis of experimental treatment programs, development of units of cost effectiveness and provision for uniform methods of auditing stroke care. This demonstration project shows that a large-scale stroke data-base system is feasible using existing computer models which are currently collecting and analyzing data-base statistics.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Arthritis Rounds: Ascites as the major manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus.

It is uncommon for ascites secondary to severe peritoneal inflammation to be the major manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Chronic nonspecific inflammation with a granular type immunofluorescent staining along the mesothelial layer of the peritoneum and peritoneal blood vessels was demonstrated in peritoneal tissue obtained at laparotomy. Paramyxovirus-like structures were seen within vascular endothelium. The ascites diminished with high-dose prednisone and cyclophosphamide therapy.

Adult↗