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Biomedical subjects

D McKenzie

Publications and source records attributed to D McKenzie.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The Oral History Program: I. Personal views of health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

The Medical Library Association Oral History Program uses accepted oral history techniques to collect and preserve interviews with members. The original taped interviews and transcripts are kept in the Medical Library Association archives and made available for research purposes; edited copies of the interviews are distributed through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and members are encouraged to borrow and read the histories. Summaries of forty-three interviews provide personal views on health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1998

The Oral History Program: II. Personal views of health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

The Medical Library Association Oral History Program uses accepted oral history techniques to collect and preserve interviews with members. The original taped interviews and transcripts are kept in the Medical Library Association archives and made available for research purposes; edited copies of the interviews are distributed through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and members are encouraged to borrow and read the histories. Summaries of forty-three interviews provide personal views on health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

Archives↗
PubMed1998

The Oral History Program: III. Personal views of health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

The Medical Library Association Oral History Program uses accepted oral history techniques to collect and preserve interviews with members. The original taped interviews and transcripts are kept in the Medical Library Association archives and made available for research purposes; edited copies of the interviews are distributed through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and members are encouraged to borrow and read the histories. Summaries of forty-three interviews provide personal views on health sciences librarianship and the Medical Library Association.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1997

Investigation of 100 consecutive negative cone biopsies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reasons for cone biopsies reported as not containing intraepithelial or invasive malignancy and thereby find ways to decrease their incidence. DESIGN: One hundred cone biopsies reported as negative were identified out of a total of 436 consecutive cone biopsies. The patients' cytology, colposcopy and histology reports and cytology and histology slides were reviewed. Further opinions in cases of doubt were obtained in cytology and histology. In cone biopsies still considered negative after reviews, deeper levels were cut, exhausting all paraffin blocks. Follow up cytology, colposcopy and histology were reviewed. SETTING: Gynaecological oncology unit in a university teaching hospital. RESULTS: After re-evaluation the final diagnoses of cone biopsies initially reported as negative were positive (n = 21), unsatisfactory (n = 27) and true negative (n = 51), with one case excluded because of insufficient material for review. The positive cases were diagnosed on review (n = 11) or extra levels (n = 10). The unsatisfactory cases were all due to denudation. The 51 true negative cases were divided into those which never had had histologic confirmation by punch biopsy or endocervical curettage (n = 47) and those with a previously confirmed histological abnormality (n = 4). CONCLUSIONS: The number of negative cone biopsies can be reduced by: 1. taking Pap smears after correction of atrophy and inflammation; 2. more scrupulous colposcopy aimed at reducing the number of unsatisfactory colposcopies or misinterpreted colposcopic findings; this through examination should include the vagina and vulva; 3. confirmation of smear and colposcopic findings by biopsy prior to cold-knife conisation and performing a large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) for cases where there is a discrepancy between the smear abnormality and colposcopy/biopsy findings; 4. good quality cone biopsies using a technique that does not handle the mucosa and is performed after the mucosa has had time to regenerate following the colposcopic investigations; and 5. exhausting all blocks with multiple levels before reporting a cone biopsy as negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Liaison psychiatry in an HIV/AIDS unit.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the work of a liaison psychiatry service to an HIV/AIDS inpatient unit, and particularly to examine the identification of mood and related disorders by referring doctors. METHOD: The MICRO-CARES prospective clinical database system was used to obtain data on all patients referred to the HIV/AIDS consultation-liaison psychiatry service in an infectious diseases hospital in Melbourne. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-two inpatient referrals were made in the 2 years from 1993-1995: a referral rate of 16.7%. The most frequent reasons for referral were evaluation of coping problems (42%), assessment of possible depression (31%), and assessment of psychotropic medication (24.5%). The most common psychiatric diagnoses were mood disorders (36.5%), psychoactive substance use disorders (22.7%) and organic mental disorders (18.1%). Overall concordance of recognition of depression by the referring doctor and diagnosis of depression by the consultant psychiatrist was 79%; 20% false positive rate, 23% false negative rate. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric comorbidity is common in patients with HIV/AIDS. Reasons for referral vary from those seen in other inpatient settings. Previously noted problems such as the misdiagnosis of psychiatric disorder and the mislabelling of the syndrome recognised by psychiatrists as depression were noted here.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Bathing persons with dementia.

In the care of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, bathing frequently poses a formidable challenge for caregivers. This article reports the results of a consensus conference on techniques to reduce disruptive behaviors during bathing, and to make the process less stressful for persons with dementia.

Baths↗
PubMed1995

Actions of general anaesthetics on a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in isolated identified neurones of Lymnaea stagnalis.

1. Completely isolated identified neurones from the right parietal ganglion of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were studied under two-electrode voltage-clamp. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor currents were studied at low acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations (< or = 200 nM). At these levels, control currents were non-desensitizing and proportional to the square of the ACh concentration. 2. IC50 concentrations were determined for the steady-state inhibition of the ACh-activated current by 31 general anaesthetics plus the non-anaesthetic alcohol n-tridecanol. The general anaesthetics included inhalational agents, n-alcohols, n-alkane-(alpha,omega)-diols, cycloalcohols and an n-alkane. 3. Anaesthetic inhibition was independent of voltage and consistent with two anaesthetic-binding sites on the receptor. 4. IC50 concentrations for inhibiting the neuronal nicotinic ACh receptor correlated well (r = 0.97) with EC50 concentrations for general anaesthesia. The maximum deviation from the line of identity was less than fourfold. The inhalational agents tended to be more potent as inhibitors of the ACh receptor than as general anaesthetics, while the alcohols and diols were less potent. 5. The inhibition of the ACh-induced current by the homologous series of n-alcohols exhibited a cutoff at the same position (just after dodecanol) as found for the induction of general anaesthesia in tadpoles. 6. Polarity profile maps of the anaesthetic-binding sites on the neuronal nicotinic ACh receptor were calculated from IC50 concentrations for the homologous series of n-alcohols and n-alkane-(alpha,omega)-diols. They reveal amphiphilic sites with apolar regions capable of accommodating the hydrocarbon chains of n-alcohols as large as decanol. A striking resemblance was found to profiles previously calculated from data for tadpole general anaesthesia.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

Experience with a novel selective medium for isolation of Actinomyces spp. from medical and dental specimens.

A selective medium containing mupirocin and metronidazole was evaluated for the isolation of Actinomyces spp. from clinical material. The study was a one-year prospective comparison of the method with existing methods, which use nonselective media, at a general hospital and a dental hospital. Significantly more Actinomyces spp. were isolated on the selective medium than on nonselective media from both dental specimens and intrauterine contraceptive devices. However, differentiating between Actinomyces spp. and related nonsporulating gram-positive rods remains a slow and sometimes uncertain process which can introduce lengthy delays in reporting.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1995

Spurious precision: procedural validity of diagnostic assessment in psychotic disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Very few studies have quantified the level of agreement among alternative diagnostic procedures that use a common set of fixed operational criteria. The authors examined the procedural validity of four independent methods of assigning DSM-III-R diagnoses of psychotic disorders. METHOD: The research was conducted as a satellite study to the DSM-IV Field Trial for Schizophrenia and Related Psychotic Disorders. The setting was the National Health and Medical Research Council Schizophrenia Research Unit's Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, which focuses on first-episode psychosis. Consecutively admitted patients (N = 50) were assessed by independent raters who used four different procedures to determine a DSM-III-R diagnosis. These procedures were 1) the diagnostic instrument developed for the DSM-IV field trial, 2) the Royal Park Multidiagnostic Instrument for Psychosis, 3) the Munich Diagnostic Checklists, and 4) a consensus DSM-III-R diagnosis assigned by a team of clinician researchers who were expert in the use of diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: Concordance between pairs of diagnostic procedures was only moderate. Corresponding levels of percent agreement, however, ranged from 66% to 76%, with converse misclassification rates of 24%-34% (assuming one procedure to be "correct"). CONCLUSIONS: These findings have significant research and clinical implications. Despite the introduction of operationally defined diagnoses, there remained an appreciable level of differential classification or misclassification arising from variability in the method of assigning the diagnostic criteria rather than the criteria themselves. Such misclassification may impede neurobiological research and have harmful clinical effects on patients with first-episode psychosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The reliability of DSM-III prodromal symptoms in first-episode psychotic patients.

Thirty-one first-episode psychotic patients were assessed via a semistructured interview to determine the presence or absence of the 8 DSM-III prodromal symptoms. Interrater reliability data were calculated for the same symptoms according to the patient, an informant and the raters blending the previous 2 sources of information. Levels of reliability, reported as kappa and percentage agreements, were generally acceptable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Amphotericin B delays both scrapie agent replication and PrP-res accumulation early in infection.

Amphotericin B delays the onset of clinical symptoms in hamsters infected with scrapie agent strain 263K. Here we show that accumulation of a scrapie-specific isoform of the prion protein (PrP-res) and agent replication were delayed early in amphotericin B-treated animals. By 8 weeks postinfection, only untreated animals exhibited clinical symptoms of scrapie infection whereas PrP-res levels and titers were similar in treated and untreated animals. This suggests that although PrP-res accumulation and agent replication are linked, they are not the sole factors required for the onset of clinical disease.

Amphotericin B↗