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Biomedical subjects

D McInerney

Publications and source records attributed to D McInerney.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Rapid assessment breast clinics--evolution through audit.

This observational, cohort study aimed to examine the potential utility of Rapid Assessment Breast Clinics (RABC) beyond cancer detection at presentation. One thousand four hundred and twenty nine women were studied over an 18 month period. 154 (10.7%) had breast cancer - 87.7% of whom were seen expediently with 92.9% being diagnosed at one attendance. One hundred and forty three (10%) of those with a benign diagnosis were found by routine questioning to have significant familial risk separate to their reason for referral. Despite careful triage, considerable contamination of appointment allotment occurred with many who were correctly triaged as non-urgent being seen 'urgently'. One hundred and seventy six attendees (12.3%) had neither the symptom that triggered referral, nor breast lump, nipple discharge nor family history of breast cancer, while 283 (19.8%) had no objective clinical or radiological abnormality. Although RABC reliably categorise malignant versus non-malignant diagnoses despite cluttering by low risk women, a significant proportion of non-cancer patients still require address of future risk rather than reassurance of their present status alone.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A mathematical formulation for the cell-cycle model in somitogenesis: analysis, parameter constraints and numerical solutions.

In this work we present an analysis, supported by numerical simulations, of the formulation of the cell-cycle model for somitogenesis proposed in Collier et al. (J. Theor Biol. 207 (2000), 305-316). The analysis indicates that by introducing appropriate parameter constraints on model parameters the cell-cycle mechanism can indeed give rise to the periodic pattern of somites observed in normal embryos. The analysis also provides a greater understanding of the signalling process controlling somite formation and allows us to understand which parameters influence somite length.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Ultrasound features of blunt testicular injury.

This is a retrospective study of ultrasound examination for patients with blunt scrotal trauma. Fifteen patients were examined over an 18-month period. The purpose of the study was to discover the ultrasonic features of blunt testicular trauma and to distinguish less severe from more severe injury with testicular rupture requiring surgery. Three had ultrasonic findings of acute testicular rupture and this was confirmed by surgery. The ultrasound features of testicular trauma with rupture are irregularity of testicular outline and inhomogeneity of testicular texture. The value of ultrasound in diagnosing patients with testicular rupture and, therefore, requiring urgent surgery is discussed. In our limited study, irregularity of testicular outline was the distinguishing feature of rupture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Diabetes and the Mediterranean diet: a beneficial effect of oleic acid on insulin sensitivity, adipocyte glucose transport and endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity.

Abnormalities in endothelial function may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. We examined the effect of an oleic-acid-rich diet on insulin resistance and endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity in type 2 diabetes. Eleven type 2 diabetic patients were changed from their usual linoleic-acid-rich diet and treated for 2 months with an oleic-acid-rich diet. Insulin-mediated glucose transport was measured in isolated adipocytes. Fatty acid composition of the adipocyte membranes was determined by gas-liquid chromatography and flow-mediated endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation were measured in the superficial femoral artery at the end of each dietary period. There was a significant increase in oleic acid and a decrease in linoleic acid on the oleic-acid-rich diet (p<0.0001). Diabetic control was not different between the diets, but there was a small but significant decrease in fasting glucose/insulin on the oleic-acid-rich diet. Insulin-stimulated (1 ng/ml) glucose transport was significantly greater on the oleic- acid-rich diet (0.56+/-0.17 vs. 0.29+/-0.14 nmol/10(5) cells/3 min, p<0.0001). Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) was significantly greater on the oleic-acid-rich diet (3.90+/-0.97% vs. 6.12+/-1.36% p<0.0001). There was a significant correlation between adipocyte membrane oleic/linoleic acid and insulin-mediated glucose transport (p<0.001) but no relationship between insulin-stimulated glucose transport and change in endothelium-dependent FMD. There was a significant positive correlation between adipocyte membrane oleic/linoleic acid and endothelium-dependent FMD (r=0.61, p<0.001). Change from polyunsaturated to monounsaturated diet in type 2 diabetes reduced insulin resistance and restored endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, suggesting an explanation for the anti-atherogenic benefits of a Mediterranean-type diet.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed1999

Digital fluoroscopic assessment of the scapulohumeral rhythm.

Previous studies have shown that abnormal rotation of the scapula is associated with shoulder pathology. Among the methods which have been proposed, planar x-ray measurements are probably the only methods, which enable clinicians to assess accurately and objectively the scapulohumeral function in vivo. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the assessment of scapulohumeral kinematics using digital fluoroscopy. Anteroposterior images of the right glenohumeral joint were taken, in thirty-four healthy males, with the arm at rest, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 150 degrees and maximum abduction, in the scapular plane. High inter- and intra-examiner reliability was observed regarding the arm and scapular angle measurements (ICC = 0.92-0.99). The positioning of the arm at the proposed angles was also highly accurate (< 2.3 degrees misplacement) and reproducible (CV% < 5.3%). The mean radiation dose was 0.075 mSv (+/- 0.027 mSv). At the resting position the scapula was in slight downward rotation (-2.4 degrees +/- 4.3 degrees) and the arm in slight abduction (1.5 degrees +/- 6.6 degrees). The mean maximum scapular rotation and the mean maximum arm abduction was 61.4 degrees (+/- 5.2 degrees) and 162.4 degrees (+/- 6.6 degrees) respectively. A curvilinear relationship was found between the arm angle (AA) and the scapular angle (SA) (p < 0.0001). The AA:SA ratio for the entire range of abduction was 2.5:1. The greatest contribution of the scapula (1.7:1) achieved at 30 degrees-60 degrees of arm. The high accuracy and reliability of our method and the low radiation recordings suggests that digital fluoroscopy may be considered for further investigation of the scapulohumeral kinematics in both healthy and pathological shoulders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Autoantibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein: the relationship to low density lipoprotein fatty acid composition in diabetes.

Autoantibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein have been shown to be an independent predictor of the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. This study examines the relationship between low density lipoprotein fatty acid composition and autoantibodies to both malondialdehyde-modified and copper-oxidized low density lipoprotein in non-diabetic patients with (n = 17), and without (n = 18), definite evidence of previous myocardial infarction. The third group were non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with no evidence of atherosclerosis (n = 15) and the fourth group were patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (n = 17) who had definite evidence of previous myocardial infarction. Fatty acids were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Antibodies to malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoprotein and copper-oxidized low density lipoprotein were determined by an ELISA method. Autoantibodies to copper-oxidized low density lipoprotein were significantly higher in the non-diabetic patients with heart disease when compared to any other group (p < 0.05). Autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoprotein were significantly higher in the non-diabetic subjects with heart disease and in both diabetic groups compared to non-diabetic subjects without coronary heart disease (p < 0.05). Linoleic acid (%) in low density lipoprotein did not differ between groups groups but arachidonic acid (%) was significantly lower in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (p < 0.05). The diabetic patients with low antibodies had 39.6 +/- 2.2% polyunsaturated fatty acids in their low density lipoprotein while diabetic patients with high antibodies had 46.7 +/- 1.2% polyunsaturates in their low density lipoprotein (p < 0.01). This study confirms the association between antibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein and coronary heart disease and shows raised low density lipoprotein antibody levels in diabetic patients with and without demonstrable atherosclerosis. In the diabetic patients, those with high antibody levels had high polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in their LDL suggesting a possible role for dietary intervention.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The planovalgus rheumatoid foot--is tibialis posterior tendon rupture a factor?

The purpose of this study was to assess gross tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) integrity in a series of patients with a planovalgus foot deformity secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. This was done by means of contrast tenography. Our findings of an intact tendon in all of the seventeen patients studied suggest that complete rupture of the TPT is not the primary aetiology in the planovalgus rheumatoid foot.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Epithelial component of host-tumor interactions in the orthotopic site preference of a mouse mammary tumor.

Mouse mammary tumors grow preferentially upon transplantation into intact mammary glands compared to cleared mammary fat-pads. Both sites provide stroma of the orthotopic site, but the latter lacks epithelial elements. If epithelium from enzymatically dissociated normal mammary glands is added to the tumor cells prior to injection into cleared fat-pads, tumor growth is comparable to that seen in intact mammary fat-pads. The growth-enhancing effects of normal mammary cells are not duplicated by normal kidney or liver cells. These results demonstrate that epithelial-epithelial interactions, as well as stromal-epithelial interactions, are associated with the enhanced growth of mammary tumor cells transplanted into orthotopic sites. The results also suggest that enhancement of tumor growth does not require intact tissue architecture.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Spontaneous fusion between metastatic mammary tumor subpopulations.

This study describes a differential frequency of spontaneous fusion between metastatic and nonmetastatic subpopulations derived from a single mouse mammary tumor. Subpopulations 66, 66c14 (a variant of 66 which is resistant to both thioguanine and ouabain), 410.4, and 44FTO (a thioguanine-resistant, ouabain-resistant derivative of 410.4) spontaneously metastasize from subcutaneous and mammary fatpad sites. Subpopulations 168, 168FARO (a diaminopurine-resistant, ouabain-resistant derivative of 168), 67, 68H, and 410 do not. The ability of these subpopulation lines to fuse spontaneously in vitro was determined after coculturing a drug-resistant line with a wild-type line in nonselective media. After 16-20 h of coculture, cells were plated in the appropriate media to select for fusion products--either HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine) plus ouabain or AA (alanosine, adenine) plus ouabain--to determine the number of colony-forming cells (fusion products) present per 10(4) cells plated. When both subpopulations of the pair in the fusion mixture were metastatic, a significantly greater number of fusion products was recovered than if one or both of the subpopulations in the fusion mixture was nonmetastatic, with one exception: line 410 readily fused with both 66c14 and 44FTO. Subline 410 was highly metastatic when originally isolated but lost its metastatic competence after a brief time in tissue culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Metabolic cooperation in vitro: differential ability of ouabain to uncouple normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic mouse mammary cells.

We utilized two assays for metabolic cooperation in vitro, one in which cells were grown in monolayer and one in which the cells formed three-dimensional structures in a collagen gel matrix. Both assays required one of the test cell pair to be resistant both to ouabain and to thioguanine (deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase). Normal mammary gland cells, cells from preneoplastic mouse hyperplastic alveolar nodules, and mouse mammary tumor cells were metabolically linked in vitro to the drug-resistant tumor cells. Ouabain abrogated communication between tumor cells and normal mammary gland cells and between tumor cells and preneoplastic cells but had no effect on communication between tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Metabolic cooperation between mouse mammary tumor subpopulations in three-dimensional collagen gel cultures.

A series of subpopulation lines derived from a single mouse mammary tumor were tested for their ability to interact with each other in metabolic cooperation assays in three-dimensional collagen gel cultures. Inhibition of growth in the presence of selective drug (6-thioguanine or 2-fluoroadenine) of two 6-thioguanine-resistant cell lines, 66cl4 and 44FTO, as well as a 2-fluoroadenine-resistant line, 168FAR, occurred in the presence of other sensitive cells, demonstrating the transfer of drug sensitivity to drug-resistant cells. Transfer of drug resistance was shown by using selective medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine plus ouabain in which mutual metabolic cooperation between line 66cl4 (also ouabain resistant) and "wild-type" lines is required for growth. Effective communication leading to the transfer of drug resistance and ultimate survival of both cell types occurred in mixtures containing as little as 10% of either cell type. The requirement for mutual metabolic cooperation in hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine plus ouabain medium prevented line 66 from overgrowing line 66cl4 to the extent that it did in control medium. The ranked abilities of lines 66, 410.4, and 168 to promote growth when mixed with line 66cl4 in collagen cultures in hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine plus ouabain medium were correlated with the ranked cell densities required for these same cell lines to inhibit growth of line 66cl4 by metabolic cooperation in the presence of 6-thioguanine in monolayer cultures. These ranked abilities may be related to the effectiveness with which each of these cell lines is able to form communicating junctions with line 66cl4.

Adenine↗
PubMed1978

Thermographic assessment of synovial haemangioma.

Three patients with synovial haemangioma of the knee were examined by thermography. This technique disclosed extensive subcutaneous distribution of haemangiomata which had been unsuspected clinically. Localised and diffuse lesions can be differentiated by this method. This information is important in planning surgery and in assessment of prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Urinoma.

A urinoma is a mass formed by encapsulated extravasated urine. It may follow closed renal injury, surgical operation or arise spontaneously in the presence of obstruction. The essential factors are continued renal function, rupture of the collecting system and distal obstruction. The extravasating urine is localised within the perirenal fascia and stimulates an intense fibrous reaction which forms a thick wall. Early diagnosis is important for successful treatment. The clinical features include malaise, vague abdominal pain, weight loss and a palpable mass. Plain films usually reveal a mass with loss of the retroperitoneal landmarks. High-dose excretion urography usually shows renal displacement, hydronephrosis and extravasation of contrast medium into the urinoma. Should renal function be inadequate for diagnosis, renal puncture, preceded by ultrasound examination, is the investigation of choice.

Adult↗