Acid-maltase activity and hypothyroidism.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
D McCormick
Publications and source records attributed to D McCormick.
Muscular dystrophy in Northern Ireland. Paper chromatographic survey of urinary aminoacids.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amino Acids↗
Paper chromatographic survey of urinary amino-acids in muscular dystrophy.
A paper chromatographic analysis in 60 patients with muscular dystrophy from 49 families and in 351 of their relatives showed a high incidence of generalized hyperaminoaciduria in both patients and relatives. There was a higher incidence of threoninuria in patients and their relatives than in controls. One family was found to have excess histidinuria and another excess lysinuria.
Adolescent↗
Reduced muscle alpha-glucosidase (acid-maltase) activity in hypothyroid myopathy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Smoking and mental illness: A population-based prevalence study.
CONTEXT: Studies of selected groups of persons with mental illness, such as those who are institutionalized or seen in mental health clinics, have reported rates of smoking to be higher than in persons without mental illness. However, recent population-based, nationally representative data are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess rates of smoking and tobacco cessation in adults, with and without mental illness. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Analysis of data on 4411 respondents aged 15 to 54 years from the National Comorbidity Survey, a nationally representative multistage probability survey conducted from 1991 to 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of smoking and tobacco cessation according to the number and type of psychiatric diagnoses, assessed by a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Current smoking rates for respondents with no mental illness, lifetime mental illness, and past-month mental illness were 22.5%, 34.8%, and 41.0%, respectively. Lifetime smoking rates were 39.1%, 55.3%, and 59.0%, respectively (P<.001 for all comparisons). Smokers with any history of mental illness had a self-reported quit rate of 37.1% (P =.04), and smokers with past-month mental illness had a self-reported quit rate of 30. 5% (P<.001) compared with smokers without mental illness (42.5%). Odds ratios for current and lifetime smoking in respondents with mental illness in the past month vs respondents without mental illness, adjusted for age, sex, and region of the country, were 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-3.1) and 2.7 (95% CI, 2.4-3.2), respectively. Persons with a mental disorder in the past month consumed approximately 44.3% of cigarettes smoked by this nationally representative sample. CONCLUSIONS: Persons with mental illness are about twice as likely to smoke as other persons but have substantial quit rates. JAMA. 2000;284:2606-2610.
Adolescent↗
A multimethod assessment of behavioral and emotional adjustment in children with asthma.
OBJECTIVE: Examine behavioral adjustment and emotion regulation among 6-year-old children with asthma and a group of healthy controls. METHOD: Subjects were 81 children with asthma and 22 healthy controls. Asthma and allergy statuses were confirmed by objective measures. Emotional and behavioral functioning were assessed through parent report, child interview, and child participation in an emotional regulation paradigm. RESULTS: Maternal report revealed more internalizing and total behavior problems for children with asthma compared to controls. Child interview and behavioral observations of emotion regulation yielded no differences between groups. Severity of asthma was related to increased emotional difficulties by clinician interview and observation but not by maternal report. CONCLUSIONS: Two groups of children with asthma who have psychological difficulties include those with increased anxiety and those with poor emotion regulation and more asthma symptoms. Different measures of child adjustment yield a complex picture of the behavioral difficulties associated with pediatric asthma.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
The cellular origin of lysosomal enzymes in the plaque in multiple sclerosis. II. A histochemical study with combined demonstration of myelin and acid phosphatase.
Existing techniques have been adapted and it has been possible to demonstrate acid phosphatase (APP) and myelin, lipid or astrocytic fibres in the same histological section. In normal controls APP was demonstrated in neurons, astrocytes, ependyma including choroid plexus epithelium and in pericytes, but not in oligodendrocytes. In multiple sclerosis (MS), APP positive cells were found in the plaque, plaque edge and macroscopically normal white matter. Contrary to some previous reports, not only macrophages, but also astrocytes in the MS plaque were found to be APP positive, although the distribution of enzyme in these cells was predominantly diffuse, unlike the particulate distribution in normal astrocytes and other APP positive cells: the significance of this finding is discussed. It is concluded that astrocytes and macrophages are the main source of the elevated levels of APP found biochemically in MS and that in old plaques astrocytes make the major contribution.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Lysosomal hydrolases in long term cultures of human gliomas: total enzyme activities and rate of extracellular accumulation.
A number of investigations have suggested a fundamental role for lysosomal enzymes in growth control of normal cells and in the loss of growth control which occurs in neoplasia and in cell cultures transformed by oncogenic viruses. In this investigation total enzyme activities and rates of extracellular accumulation of enzyme were measured in long term cultures of gliomas and normal human astrocytes. Marked differences were found between the cultures with regard to total enzyme activity. Exocytosis rates of the enzymes also showed differences, with one group of tumours demonstrating low or intermediate rates and another smaller group with high rates. There was no positive correlation between the enzyme profile of the cultures and their tumorigenicity in nude mice.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
Comparison of total nutrient admixture stability using two intravenous fat emulsions, Soyacal and Intralipid 20%.
The safe clinical use and physical stability of a total nutrient admixture (TNA) system containing a soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid) has been reported. A study was conducted to compare the physical stability of four admixtures which were divided into two groups based upon the ratios (1:1:1 and 2:1:1) of amino acids (8.5%), dextrose (70%), and fat emulsion (20%). The fat component in each group contained either a new soy bean fat emulsion, Soyacal, or Intralipid. The quantities of all electrolytes, trace elements and vitamin additives were the same. All solutions were stored at 4 degrees C for 28 days and then held at ambient temperature for 5 days for a total 33-day study period. Each admixture was serially analyzed on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33. Examination of gross visual appearance and determinations of pH were performed. Osmolality was measured by means of freezing point depression (Advanced Digimatic Osmometer, Advanced Instruments, Inc., Needham Heights, MA). A Brookhaven particle analyzer was used to measure lipid particle size and particle size distribution. Electron and light microscopy were used to verify maximum particle size and distribution on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 29. The type of lipid emulsion used did not affect the pH or osmolality of the admixtures. Admixtures prepared with the 2:1:1 ratio had slightly higher pH (0.07) and lower osmolality (350 mOsm/kg). The range of mean diameters for the admixtures prepared with Soyacal and Intralipid were 0.283 to 0.310 micron and 0.314 to 0.351 micron, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Amino Acids↗
CD44 is involved in migration but not spreading of astrocytoma cells in vitro.
Local tumour-cell invasiveness, which is a major morphological feature of astrocytomas, involves interactions between tumour cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) including adhesion, proteolysis, and migration of tumour cells through the locally modified microenvironment. These interactions are mediated by cell/cell and cell/substrate adhesion molecules. We have earlier demonstrated that the adhesion molecule CD44 is expressed on gliomas and plays a role in adhesive interactions between glioma cells and a wide range of ECM components. In the present in vitro study we have further investigated the possible role of CD44 in subsequent stages of cell/ECM interactions-spreading and migration, using the GCCM anaplastic astrocytoma cell line. We have demonstrated that cell spreading is more effective on fibronectin (FN) than hyaluronan (HA) with a mean cell perimeter of 185 microns when cells are grown on FN as compared to 66 microns on HA. Antibody blockade experiments indicated that CD44 is not involved in cell spreading on either substrate. In the in vitro migration assay the tumour cells displayed a 2.5 fold greater migration rate through HA-coated as compared to FN-coated polycarbonate membranes. Blocking of CD44 by specific monoclonal antibody resulted in an inhibition of migration by 56% on HA providing evidence that CD44 plays a role in migration of astrocytoma cells in vitro.
Astrocytoma↗
Proteases and their inhibitors in human brain tumours: a review.
Proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cysteine- and serine-proteinases are capable of degrading extracellular matrix and basement membranes and have been implicated in human brain tumours. MMPs are a homologous family of zinc-dependent proteases. Within this group, attention has been focused on the gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) which are thought to play an important role in tumour progression. The cysteine proteinases which have received most attention in relation to tumour progression are cathepsin B (CB) and to a lesser extent cathepsin L (CL). Among the serine proteinases, urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor have been the subject of much investigation. In the present review, evidence from current literature on the possible role or significance of serine- and cysteine-proteinases and MMPs and their inhibitors in human brain tumours is discussed with special reference to gliomas. Although direct evidence is reported for MMPs and serine proteinases to support their role in glioma invasion, much of the evidence for the involvement of cysteine proteinases remains circumstantial.
Brain Neoplasms↗