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Biomedical subjects

D May

Publications and source records attributed to D May.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Lack of interaction between acid and pepsinogen secretion in isolated gastric glands.

Gastric glands isolated from rabbit stomach were employed to study the relation between acid and pepsinogen secretion. The effects of adenosine and guanosine nucleotides were examined for both secretory processes. cAMP, dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP), and 8-bromo-cAMP (8BrcAMP) were found to stimulate both acid and pepsinogen secretion with a potency sequence of 8BrcAMP greater than DBcAMP greater than cAMP. Adenosine, ATP, and AMP were ineffective, indicating that the responses to adenosine cyclic nucleotides do not involve an adenosine receptor. 8BrcGMP was found to produce a weak stimulation of both acid and pepsinogen secretions, while GMP, cGMP, and DBcGMP were ineffective. DBcGMP was found to inhibit competitively the stimulation of pepsinogen secretion by cholecystokinin (CCK)-like peptides. No inhibition was found with cGMP or 8BrcGMP. Stimulation of pepsinogen secretion by carbachol or isoproterenol was not inhibited by DBcGMP nor was the stimulation of acid formation by CCK-like peptides. Thiocyanate inhibited acid formation but did not affect pepsinogen secretion stimulated by 8BrcAMP or carbachol, indicating that stimulation of pepsinogen secretion does not require simultaneous acid formation. Costimulation of acid formation by histamine and pepsinogen secretion by isoproterenol showed no interaction between the two secretory processes. The results are interpreted to suggest that correlations between acid and pepsinogen secretion observed in vivo do not result from direct interactions between parietal and chief cells.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1982

Chancers, pests and poor wee souls: problems of legitimation in psychiatric nursing.

This paper explores the relationship between psychiatric nurses and 'problem' patients as a means of commenting on the occupation of psychiatric nursing. Proceeding from a detailed examination of the case of one particularly problematic female patient, and drawing on a body of observational and interview data relating mainly, though not exclusively, to nursing activity on two very different psychiatric wards, we argue that what is critical in determining nurses' categorization of some patients as 'problems' is not so much the level or nature of patients' demands, as much previous work has suggested, but rather the patient's willingness to legitimate the nurses' therapeutic aspirations. Possessing neither readily identifiable technical skills nor unambiguous authority, the psychiatric nurse must look to her dealings with patients to sustain a viable professional identity. 'Problem' patients are those who call attention to the fragility of nursing authority by rejecting, implicitly or explicitly, the special services that the psychiatric nurse stands ready to provide.

Hospitals, Psychiatric↗
PubMed1982

Good and bad patients: a review of the literature and a theoretical critique.

Nursing, sociological and psychological research into good and bad, popular and unpopular, and desirable and undesirable patients is reviewed. A number of themes which have been linked by researchers with the evaluation of good and bad patients are identified. These are patients' illnesses and diseases, patients' behaviour, the social backgrounds of patients, patients' attitudes and staff attitudes. It is argued that much of the literature on good and bad patients is deficient from an empirical, a methodological, an epistemological and a theoretical point of view. An alternative theoretical framework is suggested, using as its starting point an interactionist conception of the nursing role. It is suggested that patients come to be defined as good or bad not because of anything inherent in them or in their behaviour, but as a consequence of the interaction between staff and patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

[Necrotising enteritis (author's transl)].

4 cases of severe necrotising enteritis are dealt with. The small intestine was affected 3 times, the colon once, One patient died after resection of the affected bowel segment. In 2 additional cases a large resection of the small intestine became necessary. One patient was treated conservatively. The bacteriological evidence of Clostridium perfringens type C in the intestinal wall allows the assumption of a primarily bacterial genesis of this disease. Its aetiology, clinical and pathological-anatomic picture and the therapy are being discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cuckoo in the nest: some comments on the role of sociology in the undergraduate medical curriculum.

Despite the enormous strides that it has made over the past decade the position of sociology within the medical school remains precarious. Its problems are compounded by a failure to develop a coherent defence of its contribution to the education of doctors. In this paper three approaches to the teaching of sociology are identified: the human relations approach; the basic science approach; and the applied science approach. The limitations of each are discussed. It is argued that they offer a distorted version of sociology and represent competing approaches to medical education. It is further argued that sociology must curb its imperialistic tendencies, re-establish the connection between research and teaching, and through its approach both to teaching and the practice of medicine seek to provide a liberating influence in the undergraduate curriculum.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1979

Neurolepticlike actions of l-methadone: effect on mescaline-induced altered behavior and on tissue levels of mescaline in mice.

Mice were injected ip with either saline, l-methadone (2.5, 5, 20 mg/kg), perphenazine (1, 10, 15 mg/kg), or chlorprothixene (1.25, 2.5, 15 mg/kg) 30 min prior to mescaline-14C (25 mg/kg). Mescaline-induced behavioral changes such as agitation, excitement, slight increase in ventilation, and fright to sound stimuli were prevented by all doses of three drugs, and head-shaking, scratching, and locomotor-increasing effects by 5 and 20 mg/kg methadone and by all doses of both neuroleptics. Catalepticlike state and moderate to marked hypothermia induced by all doses of chlorprothixene, 10 and 15 mg/kg perphenazine, and 20 mg/kg methadone were not reversed by mescaline. Chlorprothixene (all doses), perphenazine (10, 15 mg/kg), and methadone (5, 20 mg/kg) caused marked retention of mescaline and its deaminated metabolite, 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl acetic acid in both brain and plasma. The fact that relatively higher doses of methadone than neuroleptics are needed to ensure effective antagonism to mescaline action tends to indicate a less specific interaction of the opiate with the neuroleptic/dopamine receptor proposed for central mescaline effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

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