Biomedical subjects

D Mange

Publications and source records attributed to D Mange.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Embryonic electronics.

Within the general domain of bio-inspired computing, a particular trend over the past few years has been that of constructing actual hardware devices that are inspired by nature. This paper describes one such project-Embryonics (embryonic electronics)-inspired in particular by the process of embryogenesis. Our ultimate objective is the construction of large-scale integrated circuits, exhibiting the properties of self-repair (healing) and self-replication, found until now only in living beings. We present the silicon-based artificial cell, followed by a description of mechanisms operating at the cellular level: cellular differentiation, cellular division, regeneration, and replication. We then present the cell's composition as an ensemble of lower-level elements, known as 'molecules'. As electronic chips grow evermore complex, the need for self-repair capabilities will become increasingly crucial. The Embryonics approach represents one possible way of confronting this pivotal problem.

Cell Differentiation↗

PubMed1999

The Embryonics Project: a machine made of artificial cells.

It is possible to trace the origins of biological inspiration in the design of electronic circuits to the very dawn of the field of computer engineering, with the work of John von Neumann in the 1940s. To his brilliance we owe not only the first methodical attempts to define the electronic equivalents of many fundamental biological process, but also the development of the first self-replicating computing machines. Unfortunately, the electronic technology of the time would not allow a physical realization of von Neumann's machines, and it was not until the introduction of new programmable circuits in the 1980s that the field of bio-inspired machines gained new momentum. In this article, we describe the Embryonics (embryonic electronics) Project, an attempt to draw inspiration from the ontogenetic processes that determine the growth of multicellular organisms in the design of new, massively parallel arrays of processors (the artificial cells). Our cells are simple processors, all based on an identical hardware structure and all containing the same program (our artificial genome), but executing different parts of the genome depending on their spatial coordinates within the array. As in living beings, the presence of the genome in every cell allows the introduction of features such as self-replication and self-repair (cicatrization). In addition, the cells are implemented using an array of programmable elements (the artificial molecules), which allows their structure to be adapted to a given application. Through the parallel operation of many of these simple processors, we hope to realize highly complex systems, the equivalent of multicellular organisms in the natural world.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Von Neumann's quintessential message: genotype + ribotype = phenotype.

In this short article, we argue that von Neumann's quintessential message with respect to self-replicating automata is genotype + ribotype = phenotype. Self-replication occurs in analogy to nature: The description (genotype) written on the input tape is translated via a ribosome (ribotype) so as to create the offspring universal constructor (phenotype).

Genotype↗

PubMed1998

Self-replicating and self-repairing multicellular automata.

Biological organisms are among the most intricate structures known to man, exhibiting highly complex behavior through the massively parallel cooperation of numerous relatively simple elements, the cells. As the development of computing systems approaches levels of complexity such that their synthesis begins to push the limits of human intelligence, engineers are starting to seek inspiration in nature for the design of computing systems, both at the software and at hardware levels. We present one such endeavor, notably an attempt to draw inspiration from biology in the design of a novel digital circuit: a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). This reconfigurable logic circuit will be endowed with two features motivated and guided by the behavior of biological systems: self-replication and self-repair.

Cell Physiological Phenomena↗

PubMed1997

Ontogenetic hardware.

Ontogeny is the process by which a single mother cell, the zygote, gives rise, through successive divisions, to a complete organism, possibly containing trillions of cells (e.g. in humans). This paper describes research whose inspiration is drawn from the process of ontogenetic development. By adopting certain features of cellular organization, and by transposing them to the world of integrated circuits on silicon, we show that certain properties unique to the living world, such as self-replication, self-repair, and growth, can also be attained in artificial objects (integrated circuits). Specifically, we identify and describe three classes of ontogenetic hardware: (1) self-replicating hardware; (2) embryonic hardware; and (3) L-systems based hardware, dubbed L-hardware. For each class we present an example of a hardware realization, along with a discussion of possible applications. Continued research on ontogenetic hardware may yield novel bio-inspired systems endowed with replicative, growth, and regenerative capabilities.

Cell Differentiation↗