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Biomedical subjects

D Magid

Publications and source records attributed to D Magid.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Fractures of the sacrum and sacroiliac joint: evaluation by computerized tomography with multiplanar reconstruction.

Conventional roentgenographic views of the pelvis provide inadequate assessment of complex bony trauma. Computerized tomography (CT) allows simpler patient positioning, more reliable detection of subtle fractures, better characterization of complex fractures, and detection of associated soft tissue and joint space abnormalities. The addition of multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) provides a better understanding of the pathoanatomy. The sacrum and the sacroiliac joint, traditionally problematic to image, are particularly well defined by CT/MPR. Subtle diastasis and intra-articular fragments are more reliably detected when the transaxial image is supplemented by coronal reconstructions. The degree of comminution and direction of fragment displacement are also best defined by coronal and sagittal formatting. Surgeons often find this protocol useful in preoperative assessment of extent and stability of fractures, and in planning conservative or surgical management.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

2D and 3D computed tomography of the pediatric hip.

The contribution of computed tomography with multiplanar reconstructions (2D CT) and animated three-dimensional reformatting (3D CT) has been well documented in the adult hip. The applications and utility in the pediatric hip prove to be similar. Coronal and sagittal 2D images are superior to transaxial CT in defining the superior pole of the femur, the superior joint space, and the acetabular roof and dome. 3D CT provides the best overview of morphology, integrating the 2D information for therapeutic planning. Studies can be modified or tailored for dose control, particularly in the youngest patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Fracture nonunion: CT assessment with multiplanar reconstruction.

Nineteen patients with suspected or possible fracture nonunion underwent computed tomography (CT) with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). Each case represented a difficult problem in fracture management in which clinical and conventional radiographic examinations had failed to provide a definitive diagnosis. CT with MPR demonstrated nonunion in 13 of 19 cases by delineating the lack of bone bridging across the fracture site in multiple planes. Variable amounts bridging were detected in six cases, indicating partial healing or delayed union. Evaluation of fracture healing with MPR was possible despite remaining metal hardware (ten cases), multiple operations (15 cases), or bone grafting (five cases). CT with MPR aided surgical planning and affected treatment options by providing a more detailed assessment of malalignment and angular deformities, the magnitude of the gap in bone, and the integrity of the adjacent weight-bearing joints in multiple projections. It is an important new modality for evaluating fracture nonunion.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Complex shoulder trauma: three-dimensional CT imaging.

Volumetric three-dimensional imaging is a new technique for CT image processing which generates realistic, three-dimensional models of complex musculoskeletal anatomy from routine transaxial CT data. Volumetric three-dimensional imaging is particularly helpful in evaluating complex shoulder trauma, demonstrating significant advantages over plain film radiography. Multipartite fractures involving the shoulder girdle are displayed in a comprehensive fashion with 3D imaging. With volumetric imaging as implemented on a Pixar Imaging Computer, a 3D model of the injured shoulder can be generated with overlapping structures removed from view, and then rotated about the vertical and horizontal axis for better understanding of abnormal anatomy prior to surgical correction.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Multiplanar computed tomography: a multidimensional tool for evaluation and treatment of acetabular fractures.

Fractures of the acetabulum present a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Improved management has decreased the mortality associated with these injuries. Prolonged survival of the severely injured has raised the associated morbidity. To improve diagnosis and treatment in these patients, computed tomography with multiplanar reconstructions has been utilized in the pre- and post-operative period in 30 patients. This refinement provides a precise, accurate, and reproducible method of establishing the diagnostic data base. Consequently it is possible to better define the pathoanatomy, make decisions as to the best technique for intervention, and facilitate execution of these techniques by improved preoperative planning and postintervention assessment. It is concluded that computed tomography with multiplanar reconstructions optimizes the ability to manage these injuries.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1987

Fibrosarcoma in a patient with scleroderma.

Malignancies have been described in association with various connective tissue disorders. While such associations may be relatively common in some disorders, such as polymyositis, the relationship between scleroderma and malignancy is more controversial. A case of fibrosarcoma of the tibia in a patient with scleroderma is presented, with correlation of conventional radiography, computed tomography, and histopathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Three-dimensional imaging of acetabular trauma.

Computed tomography (CT) scanning is widely used in evaluation of acetabular fractures. Three-dimensional (3D) images of the pelvis can be created from CT scan data. This article reports two studies, each employing one type of 3D imaging in acetabular trauma cases. The first was a study of 21 patients utilizing surface-rendered 3D images, the second, a study of 19 patients using volume-rendered 3D images. Both types of 3D images were clinically helpful and can be used in lieu of conventional plain films as a supplement to CT examination. Advantages of volume-rendered images are described.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1987

Abdominal pain in sickle cell disease: the role of CT.

Patients with either homozygous or heterozygous sickle cell disease may have frequent episodes of abdominal pain and/or fever of uncertain cause. While many of these episodes represent a so-called sterile crisis, the possibility of gross organ infarction and rupture, infection, or other complication cannot be ignored. Computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate 30 such patients. Virtually all patients had splenic abnormalities, which could be considered clinically significant (rupture, hemorrhage) or insignificant (calcified spleen). In four patients hepatic abnormalities were found, including one case of multiple liver infarction, one of hepatic abscess, and two of retained intrahepatic gallstones after cholecystectomy. Two patients had significant acute renal abnormalities, including one case of interstitial nephritis and one of renal vein thrombosis. One patient had a ruptured periappendiceal abscess and one a pericolonic abscess. One patient had an abscess around a total hip replacement. CT was found to be an excellent and relatively noninvasive means of both initial investigation and subsequent follow-up.

Abscess↗
PubMed1987

Volumetric rendering techniques: applications for three-dimensional imaging of the hip.

Volumetric rendering is a new approach to three-dimensional (3D) imaging that overcomes many of the drawbacks of currently available surface-rendering systems. Its application on the Pixar Imaging System in two cases of acetabular fracture was assessed to illustrate the features of the technique. The fast-computing architecture and large memory of this system allow rapid generation of a series of high-quality 3D images in each plane of rotation (x or spinal axis, z or somersaulting axis) that can be viewed as independent static images or as an animated real-time video loop. Editing to remove the normal contralateral hemipelvis enhances appreciation of acetabular abnormalities. Every pixel of computed tomographic data is preserved, allowing representation of both soft tissue and bone as translucent overlap. The presentation of data also allows detection of subtle abnormalities and features and minimizes the artifact generation common in surface-rendered images.

Computers↗
PubMed1987

Acetabular fractures: optimal imaging.

In 19 cases of acetabular fracture, computed tomography (CT) with volumetric three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions displayed as video loops about horizontal and vertical axes of rotation replaced the traditional imaging combination of CT and multiple plain radiographs, while offering significant advantages. Overlying bowel content or foreign matter obscured detail in 36 of 45 plain radiographic views, and positioning or radiographic technique was suboptimal in 21. Three-dimensional reconstructions completely eliminated these problems. These 3D reconstructions accurately simulated oblique, inlet, and tangential views in all cases. In ten of 19 cases a nonconventional oblique view, and in 13 of 19 cases a cephalocaudal angulation other than the inlet, tangential, or anteroposterior view, best demonstrated the fracture. Elimination of five plain radiographs resulted in a skin radiation dose savings of 5 rad (50 mGy). No difficult or painful patient positioning was required beyond that necessary for the standard CT examination.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1987

Computed tomography in the assessment of myonecrosis.

We report four patients with myonecrosis documented by computed tomography (CT) with either tissue or surgical correlation or both. CT can be used in the diagnosis of myonecrosis when the attenuation values of the muscle involved are lower than normal, or gas is present, or both findings are noted within the muscle planes. CT also helps differentiate myonecrosis from other inflammatory conditions of soft tissues adjacent to muscle as well as from such clinically similar processes as hematoma or deep venous thrombosis. The main causes of myonecrosis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Gonadal and sexual function in male patients with hairy cell leukemia: lack of adverse effects of recombinant alpha 2-interferon treatment.

Gonadal and sexual function was evaluated in 81 male patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Forty-eight patients were receiving recombinant alpha 2b-interferon (INF) therapy, and 33 patients were receiving no systemic therapy at the time of evaluation. Among 28 patients with stable HCL who were receiving no systemic therapy, elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was observed in two patients, while serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was normal in all. Serum testosterone levels were below normal in seven of 28 patients on no systemic therapy. Hormone levels were followed prospectively for a median of 8 months in 11 patients receiving INF without prior chlorambucil therapy. FSH became elevated in only one of eight patients with normal pretreatment values, LH remained normal in all patients, and testosterone transiently fell in two of four patients with normal pretreatment values. In addition, 20 of 29 patients receiving INF who had normal FSH and LH levels when first examined continued to have normal levels during a median of 10 months of INF therapy. Patients receiving INF generally reported either no change or improvement in sexual function as therapy progressed. We conclude that most patients with stable HCL have normal testicular function and that INF therapy does not appear to produce significant gonadal toxicity.

DNA, Recombinant↗
PubMed1986

Multiplanar (MPR) imaging of the hip.

Multiplanar CT expands the ability of the radiologist to define the extent of disease, to suggest appropriate surgery, and to offer a probable prognosis.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1986

Skeletal metastases from hepatoma: frequency, distribution, and radiographic features.

Over the past 6 years, the authors evaluated 300 patients with hepatoma as part of phase 1 and 2 treatment protocol trials. Analysis of the available clinical data and radiographic studies revealed 22 patients (7.3%) with skeletal metastases demonstrated by radiography, computed tomography (CT), and/or nuclear scintigraphy. The plain film appearance of skeletal metastases from hepatoma was osteolytic in all cases. CT scanning best demonstrated the expansile, destructive nature of these metastases, which were often associated with large, bulky soft-tissue masses. Skeletal metastases from hepatomas demonstrated increased radiotracer uptake on standard bone scans and were gallium avid, similar to the hepatoma itself. In addition, they could be targeted therapeutically with I-131 antiferritin immunoglobulin. The most frequent sites of skeletal metastases were the ribs, spine, femur, pelvis, and humerus. An initial symptom in ten patients was skeletal pain corresponding to the osseous metastases. In five patients, pathologic fractures of the proximal femur or humerus developed and required total hip replacement or open-reduction internal fixation. Patients with long-standing cirrhosis or known hepatocellular carcinoma who also have skeletal symptoms should be evaluated for possible osseous metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Metallic hip implants: CT with multiplanar reconstruction.

Thirty consecutive patients with metallic implants in the hip were evaluated with both standard transaxial computed tomography (CT) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) to assess the contribution of MPR. The metallic devices included total hip replacements (n = 6), one or more surgical plates with screws (n = 9), acetabular pins or screws (n = 9), and Knowles pins (n = 6). The metallic implants were on the side of interest in 25 hips and in the contralateral hip in five cases. One patient had bilateral hardware. MPR reformats axially acquired data into other planes. The reconstruction program weights the true signal over the randomly distributed artifacts by integrating adjacent axial images. Examination using standard transaxial imaging was graded as excellent in five cases, adequate in 15 cases, and inadequate in ten cases. After MPR, 19 studies were classified as excellent, 11 were classified as adequate, and none were classified as inadequate. It is concluded that MPR significantly reduced artifacts caused by metal present in transaxial images.

Acetabulum↗