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Biomedical subjects

D M Young

Publications and source records attributed to D M Young.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Modular group therapy in a community mental health center.

To use staff resources more efficiently, a community mental health center in South Carolina initiated an eight-session modular psychoeducational and group therapy program with a classroom format. Groups were composed of three to 12 patients with the same or similar diagnoses. Each session in the series constituted a complete module and included didactic presentations and group discussion about the material. At follow-up two years after the program started, the program was well accepted by staff and patients. The proportion of patient contacts for group therapy and revenue generated by group contacts had increased. Although an aim of the program was to reduce the frequency of contacts for individual therapy, these contacts did not decline over the follow-up period.

Case Management↗
PubMed1996

Risk factors for hypothermia in psychiatric patients.

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35 degrees C). Several conditions which can occur in the psychiatric population increase the risk of hypothermia: nocturnal enuresis, seizure disorder, debilitating physical illness, and mental retardation. The risk of hypothermia is further increased by the use of several classes of medications used to treat psychiatric disorders: antipsychotics, beta-adrenergic antagonists, benzodiazepines, and other sedatives. Air-conditioning is also identified as a risk factor for hypothermia. Hypothermia is posited as a possible link between antipsychotic medication and sudden unexplained death. Suggestions for further investigation are made, and clinical recommendations are offered to reduce the risk of hypothermia in the psychiatric patient population.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMed1996

Shrinking the western Pacific: psychiatric training for medical students from Micronesia.

In 1989 the Hawaii State Hospital became the primary site for clinical teaching of psychiatry to students of the Pacific Basin Medical Officer Training Program, a program designed to train clinicians for the western Pacific. The psychiatry clerkship was developed to provide practical training in psychiatry to clinicians who will practice in Micronesia. Challenges encountered by the educators, including transcultural issues, are discussed. Interventions found to be effective in resolving these challenges are described.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1995

Duplex diagnosis of venous insufficiency in a free flap.

Venous monitoring and evaluation present a dilemma in free flap care. Duplex ultrasonography provides information on vessel flow and anatomy. This case demonstrates the use of duplex technology in identifying problems following vascular microsurgery, and it raises discussion of possible future roles for the application of duplex ultrasonography in the management of free flaps.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of a rapid specific ward based assay for creatinine in blood.

We have evaluated a dry reagent stick test for the quantitation of creatinine in plasma employing a whole blood sample. The assay was found to be specific for creatinine and correlated well (r = 0.993) with an established laboratory procedure. The precision found indicated that the method was suitable for use in the diagnosis and monitoring of renal disease.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1994

The need for preoperative leg angiography in fibula free flaps.

Among arterial anatomic conditions which will adversely affect the harvest of the fibula are 1) significant arteriosclerotic disease within the tibial-peroneal vessels; 2) peroneal arteria magna (PAM), a condition in which only the peroneal artery supplies the foot; and 3) absence of the peroneal artery, either congenitally or as an acquired defect. In each of these anatomic conditions, removal of the peroneal vessels and the fibula free flap will jeopardize either the donor leg, the fibula flap, or both. All patients considered for fibula flaps were evaluated with preoperative leg angiograms. In 28 consecutive patients evaluated with angiography for planned free-fibula flap reconstructions, 23 actually underwent free-fibula harvest. Angiographic abnormalities that altered the operative plan were found in seven (25 percent) patients. Four of the seven patients had vascular examinations prior to surgery with abnormal findings. Three of the seven (11 percent) patients with abnormal arterial anatomy had normal vascular examinations prior to surgery. Thus, if a preoperative angiogram had not routinely been done, the abnormal anatomy would not have been discovered until surgery. This could have resulted in an unusable flap in one patient, and an ischemic or gangrenous foot in two other patients. With this angiographic guidance, there were no vascular complications from harvest of the fibula. The routine use of preoperative bilateral leg angiography is recommended, or an alternative method of vessel imaging, in all patients evaluated for microvascular free-tissue transfer of the fibula.

Angiography↗
PubMed1993

Enhancing fibula free flap skin island reliability and versatility for mandibular reconstruction.

Although the fibula osteocutaneous free flap has many advantages when used in mandibular reconstruction, many investigators have found the skin island is not always reliable. We present a technique that enhances skin island reliability by including a maximal number of skin perforators. This method has been used in 10 consecutive osteocutaneous free flaps without any skin loss. This technique also expands the usefulness of the fibula free flap, allowing it to be used for shorter bone defects or in cases when skin coverage is needed at a distance from the bone. In addition, this method provides additional vascularized soft tissue for neck contour restoration and coverage of fixation plates.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1993

Chemiluminescent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (DNA fingerprinting) to identify keratinocytes from two donors in co-culture.

The transplantation of allogeneic cells such as pancreatic islet cells, bone marrow, and keratinocytes for skin replacement is in growing use clinically. Present techniques which are used to distinguish transplanted allogeneic cells from phenotypically identical host cells in chimeric tissue have serious limitations. This study assesses the feasibility of using chemiluminescent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis to distinguish between keratinocyte cell lines from 2 different donors grown in co-culture. We evaluated the sensitivity of this technique in tissue cultured cells in order to define its usefulness in clinical situations. RFLP analysis readily detects heterologous DNA comprising only 10% of a 5 micrograms sample. This was a detection threshold of 500 ng of high molecular weight DNA. With standard extraction methods, this represents the DNA obtained from 4000 cells. This new chemiluminescent technique is as sensitive as older techniques which employ radioactive probes, but avoids the hazards of handling radioactive material. Using this RFLP analysis, the presence of transplanted allogeneic cells can be readily detected in small biopsy specimens. This technique has wide potential application in allogeneic cellular transplantation investigations.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1990

Nurses' knowledge and attitudes and AIDS patients' perception of confirmation: a pilot study.

The purpose of this pilot study was to describe registered nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and people with AIDS and the AIDS patients' perceptions of confirmation in interpersonal relationships with nurses. Convenience sampling was used to obtain 11 patient and registered nurse subject pairs in a large midwestern university hospital. Nurse subjects completed the AIDS Questionnaire: Beliefs and Information, and patient subjects completed the Perceived Confirmation Scale. It was found that patients perceived a high level of confirmation in relationships with nurses and that the nurses had an average knowledge of AIDS and fairly tolerant attitudes toward people with AIDS. No significant correlations were found among nurses' knowledge, nurses' attitudes, and patients' perception of confirmation in relationships with nurses.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni in Hunan, the People's Republic of China: epidemiology and comparison of Chinese and American methodology.

The incidence of infection with Campylobacter jejuni was determined in individuals with and without diarrheal disease seen at a hospital in Changsha, China. Stool specimens were cultured by two methods: one developed by the Chinese and a second control method used commonly in the United States. Among people with diarrhea, 18.7% of the 48 children and 8.7% of 104 adults were infected with Campylobacter jejuni. In the group without diarrhea, 8.6% of 105 children but none of 76 adults tested had the organism in their stool. Of the 27 total positive cultures, the Chinese method was positive in 26, compared with 21 for the control method. The Chinese culture method was at least as sensitive and specific as the American method. The biochemical characteristics and antibiotic sensitivities of Chinese isolates were similar to organisms isolated in other parts of the world. This study shows that Campylobacter jejuni is a common enteric pathogen in China and that the asymptomatic carrier state of this organism is significant in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Auricular chondritis in fawn-hooded rats. A spontaneous disorder resembling that induced by immunization with type II collagen.

A spontaneous apparently unique auricular chondritis in the pinna of fawn-hooded rats is described. The chondritis was bilateral, with adult onset, and resulted in a marked thickening of the auricular cartilage. Microscopically, islands of proliferative cartilage were present, and at the margins between the normal cartilage and the thickened abnormal cartilage a marked cellular inflammatory response was present. The condition was familial in rats of the fawn-hooded strain and appeared to be unrelated to the platelet storage pool deficiency in this strain of rats. Biochemically no increased synthesis of pinna cartilage was detected. No histopathologic lesions were detected in other cartilaginous tissues of affected rats. The lesions in the pinna bore a striking resemblance to those induced in rats by immunization with Type II collagen. The spontaneous condition described herein may, therefore, represent a unique model of relapsing polychondritis of human beings, a disease with auricular chondritis associated with antibodies to Type II collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of four membrane filter methods for fecal coliform enumeration.

Four membrane filter methods fecal coliform enumeration were evaluated and compared in six laboratories based on determination of accuracy, specificity, upper counting limit, and recovery comparability. Recovery accuracy with pure cultures ranged from 89 to 100% for m-FC, mTEC (a procedure developed for thermotolerant Escherichia coli), and m-FC2 methods (the latter incorporating a 2-h, 35 degrees C resuscitation period), but was less than 60% for the MacConkey membrane broth method. These figures dropped by approximately 40 to 55% when the cultures were subjected to temperature (10 degrees C) stress. Close to 800 colonies were verified to determine specificity. False-positive colonies occurred most frequently with the m-FC2 method (18%), whereas false-negative colonies were most common on MacConkey membrane broth (26%). In counting range experiments using a variety of samples, the highest upper counting limit was 130 colonies per filter with the mTEC procedure. Recovery comparisons were based on over 130 samples including raw surface waters, raw sewage, and chlorinated and unchlorinated sewage effluents. In general, recoveries were significantly higher with the m-FC2 and mTEC methods; however, on m-FC2, growth of nontarget background organisms was also higher in most cases. Highest recoveries from chlorinated sewage effluents were obtained by the mTEC method, and the addition of a similar resuscitation period to the m-FC procedure (m-FC2) improved fecal coliform recovery from such samples. The best overall performance for fecal coliform enumeration was obtained with the mTEC method with high recovery and low levels of background colonies, good specificity and accuracy, and a high upper counting limit. This procedure also offers the advantage of enumerating E. coli within 24 h.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1981

Blaming-a sign of psychosocial tensions in the community: findings from two surveys.

Blame attributions were studied as indicators of tension between a person and his/her psychosocial resources. An eight-item blame scale was constructed to tap the areas of one's life about which a person made causal attributions to explain misfortune. This scale along with other measures was administered through household surveys to two samples of 537 and 185 community residents. Consistent with the predictions of the study, demographic groups with fewer social resources had higher blame scores, and residents reporting more stressful life events were more likely to blame. As expected, blame attributions were positively correlated with three measures of maladjustment and were unrelated to a separate measure of positive well-being. Discontent with social life, followed by financial situation, family life, and life opportunity blame, were consistently related to reports of maladjustment. Self-blame, however, was only marginally associated with poor adjustment. The same findings were obtained for two divergent samples of residents, suggesting that the relationships obtained here have considerable generalizability.

Adult↗