Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D M Sigulem

Publications and source records attributed to D M Sigulem.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for protein-energy malnutrition in pre-school shantytown children in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the health and nutritional conditions of people living in a shantytown in the city of São Paulo in order to identify risk factors for infant malnutrition. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Children living in a shantytown was conducted among children less than 72 months of age. METHODS: Home visits were made and information was collected regarding the risk factors for malnutrition. RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic malnutrition was 41.6% according to Gomez, 36.6% according to Waterlow, and 17.6% according to WHO. Risk factors for malnutrition, according to the weight-for-age index, included birthweight, presence of upper respiratory tract infections, number of pregnancies, number of births, maternal body mass index, birthplace of father, and home building material; according to the weight-for-height index, they included birthweight and maternal age at the time of birth; and according to the height-for-age index, they included the number of prenatal medical visits, birthweight, maternal height, maternal body mass index, father's employment being unregistered, and maternal birthplace. An instrument for identifying children at risk of malnutrition was devised from these major risk factors for future malnutrition, which may then be applied to newly-born children.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Overweight and obesity among mothers of malnourished children--Brazil--PNSN--1989.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the nutritional status of the youngest child under 48 months of age (in families with the biological mother present) and their mothers among 3906 children selected from a sample of a national survey in 1989 (PNSN). RESULTS: Malnutrition was present in 5.8% of the children. From these, 21.8%, 60.9% and 17.3% had overweight/obese, eutrophic and malnourished mothers, respectively. Stratified analyses taking into account the regions, situation, income distribution and mother's educational level demonstrated that a lower proportion of malnourished children was concurrent with a higher proportion of overweight/obese mothers. The Kappa test evidenced a poor agreement between the nutritional conditions of the child-mother pairs (K < = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: When the proportion of malnourished children decreased within the analyzed groups, the proportion of overweight/obese mothers increased. Such an epidemiological pattern indicates that within groups in which malnutrition is less prevalent, the proportion of children for whom a lack of food in the household is the main determinant factor for malnutrition is lower.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A Web-based distance education course in nutrition in public health: case study.

BACKGROUND: Strict work timetables, personal and professional duties or an inability to be absent from home or work can all represent major constraints for those wishing to improve their professional skills. Within this context, the World Wide Web can allow people to conveniently follow distance courses from their homes. OBJECTIVE: To present an experience in the use of the Web in the continuing education of healthcare professionals in Brazil. METHODS: A Web-based distance education course in nutrition in public health was developed. The methodology was an adaptation of both problem-based and task-based learning. At the end of the course an evaluation questionnaire which covered the course s contents, the educational methodology and resources, the duration and schedule, and the use of the Web as a tool for distance education was given to the students. RESULTS: There were 83 on line registrations from 13 states, 73 of the applicants were female, 62 had a degree in nutrition and 18 were physicians. From these; eleven students from ten states were chosen: nine female nutritionists, two female physicians, and one male physician. Seven students completed the course, took and passed the final exam. Of the other four students, two failed to follow the schedule, one had health problems, and one did not obtain the minimal score for sitting the final exam. The students had a mean age of 35, and a mean of ten years in practice. They all stated that they were unable to attend a regular course, even though they felt that they needed to improve their professional skills. Most of them studied seven days a week for between two and four hours a day. The students also felt that their professional skills had improved and each reported having made changes in their practice as a result of their participation. The students approved of the course s contents, methodology and resources, however they were divided about its duration. The Web as a tool in distance education was approved by the students. If it was not for the Web they could not have taken part in a continuing education program. All students said they would attend another virtual course, if available. Even though most of them did not have difficulty adapting to the virtual environment, they did feel that an adaptation period would be of value. CONCLUSIONS: A Web-based course may be more effective than other distance education methodologies because it is more interactive and dynamic. On-line material can be constantly reviewed and updated, and the students can have the opportunity to submit commentaries or questions directly to the teaching staff. A Web-based course also allows the students to go beyond the course content as they learn how to search and take advantage of the huge resources of information available on the Internet.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of body composition by means of anthropometric measures in obese and non obese adolescents from two socioeconomic levels].

Anthropometric measures of 120 female adolescents were analyzed, 60 of them from a low socio-economic level (LSEL),and 60 from a high socio-economic level (HSEL), with 30 obese and 30 non-obese in each group, in an attempt to verify differences between the socio-economic levels in relation to the body-composition and the distribution of fat throughout the body. The weight,height, upper arm circumference and 4 skin folds (triceps, biceps,subscapular and suprailiac) were measured, and the arm muscle area, arm fat area and percentage of body fat were estimated. Those who were obese from LSEL presented an average height lower (p<0.05) than the obese from HSEL, and a greater proportion of this group presented a height deficit for their age. The arm muscle area was greater (p<0.05) in the obese from HSEL, but the percentage of body fat was similar in the two groups as well as the measures of the isolated skin folds. The increase in fat in the obese from LSEL, when compared with the non-obese, was 2.8 times greater than the muscle. In the HSEL, this increase was 1.3 times greater. It was concluded that the obese from both socio-economic levels presented different types of obesity in relation to body composition,but were similar in relation to body fat distribution.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of in-home boiling and refrigeration on bacterial load of pasteurized milk]

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of in-home boiling of pasteurized milk in reducing the bacterial load and the ability of the refrigeration in preserving the milk after boiling.METHODS: Thirty samples of pasteurized milk bought in São Paulo, Brazil, were submitted to in-home boiling procedure at the laboratory. Portions of samples were taken before and after boiling, and after 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours under refrigeration for microbiological analyses. Methods used were mesophilic bacteria count, and coliforms and Escherichia coli (E.coli) enumeration.RESULTS: No sample presented mesophilic bacteria count above the Brazilian standard for pasteurized milk. E.coli was not recovered from any sample. Ten samples (33%) had coliform bacteria; of these, 3 samples (10%) were above the standard. Mesophilic bacteria count after boiling was significantly lower than before boiling. After 24 hours under refrigeration, mesophilic bacteria count was significantly higher than after boiling. No significant differences were found between the intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours under refrigeration. Samples before boiling presented significantly higher coliform bacteria. No coliform bacteria were recovered at any time after boiling.CONCLUSIONS: In-home boiling of milk reduced bacterial load, while refrigeration kept bacteria under low counts.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Breast feeding].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brazil↗