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Biomedical subjects

D M Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to D M Roberts.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Intestinal amoebiasis for 36 years.

A case is reported of amoebic dysentery in a former soldier who had symptoms of Entamoeba histolytica infection for 36 years. It emphasizes the need for careful search for parasites in the stools of any patient with bowel symptoms because the consequences of wrong diagnosis are potentially catastrophic.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1980

The influence of simultaneous cleft lip and palate repair on facial growth in rabbits.

This study was designed to test the influence of simultaneous cleft lip and palate repair on facial growth in rabbits. Three groups of rabbits were used. Group I consisted of control rabbits who had no surgery; Group II had surgically created, but unrepaired, clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate; and Group III had surgically created clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate followed by immediate simultaneous lip and palate repair. In Group III, the lip was repaired using the Millare technique and the palate using two-flap palatoplasty, leaving no bare bone exposed. All animals were sacrificed after twenty weeks. Results of the direct cephalometry of the skulls confirmed that simultaneous lip and palate repair results in inhibition of anterior-posterior and transverse maxillary growth. Some significant changes were also found in mandibular length and nasal deflection. All 15 rabbits with simultaneous cleft lip and palate repair developed anterior crossbites and functional shifts to the left or cleft side. Further analysis comparing the results of facial growth inhibition in this study with inhibition following lip repair only or palate repair only will be necessary to assess the severity of secondary maxillo-facial deformities resulting from lip and palate repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Influence of two-flap paltoplasty on facial growth in rabbits.

Three groups of rabbits were used in this study. Group I consisted of control rabbits who had had no surgery. Group II had surgically created but unrepaired clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate. Group III had surgically created clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate with the palatal clept having been repaired using a two-flap palatoplasty. At the end of the twentieth postoperative week, all animals were sacrificed. Results of the direct cephalometry of the skulls did not confirm the hypothesis that palatal repair inhibits overall facial growth. At the same time, certain asymmetries of the maxilla and mandible were found. These may have resulted from selective inhibition of certain growth processes.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1976

Differences between acute hepatitis A and B in Hong Kong,.

Of a consecutive series of 102 patients with acute hepatitis in Hong Kong, 53% had type B infection. Non-Caucasians (Nepalese and Chinese) were more prone to hepatitis B and Caucasians were more prone to hepatitis A. Hepatitis B, but not hepatitis A, appeared to affect Non-Caucasians more severely than it did Caucasians. Possible reasons for this are discussed. A history of previous contact with a case of hepatitis was more commonly given in type A than type B hepatitis. Tattooing may have been a factor in some cases of hepatitis B among Caucasians. Compared with hepatitis A, hepatitis B involved a shorter prodrome (pre-icteric phase) and was a more severe disease. Unexpected differences in the biochemical patterns between the two diseases are demonstrated. Distinctive time-patterns of serum enzyme and serum bilirubin levels for each type are described, and these enable criteria to be devised by which three-quarters of cases can be correctly diagnosed as A or B. Such diagnosis is unrelaible in the individual case, however, except for seven out of every 10 hepatitis A cases which are capable of correct diagnosis on biochemical data alone.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1975

The effect of diazepam on pentagastrin-stimulated and nocturnal (sleeping) gastric secretion in man.

Intravenous diazepam will not significantly suppress gastric secretion within the first hour after "maximal" stimulation with pentagastrin. In the second and third hours, however, gastric secretion is significantly diminished. Further suppression after pentagastrin and diazepam is possible in each of the three post-stimulation hours by the simultaneous administration of atropine. Diazepam does not suppress the seven-hour basal nocturnal gastric secretion during sleep. This suggests that diazepam acts during wakefulness by inhibition of secretory stimuli arising centrally, thus providing a rationale for use of this drug in patients with peptic ulcer in whom stress may be a factor in the pathogenesis.

Atropine↗
PubMed1972

Chronic gastritis, alcohol, and non-ulcer dyspepsia.

An investigation of 102 men comprising alcoholics, patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia, and healthy controls is reported. It demonstrates that alcohol is a cause of chronic gastritis and the severity of the mucosal lesion is directly related to the duration of excess drinking. Contrary to popular belief, chronic gastritis does not give rise to symptoms. The effect of alcohol on the gastric mucosa is a direct one and is not mediated by malnutrition, hepatic damage, intestinal malabsorption, anaemia, ascorbic acid deficiency, or any disturbance in immune tolerance. The natural history of chronic gastritis is described, involving an initial hypertrophy and hyperfunction of the gastric mucosa, followed by atrophy and hypofunction. Cigarette smoking is confirmed as another cause of chronic gastritis. The non-ulcer dyspepsia syndrome is unrelated to chronic gastritis.

Adolescent↗