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Biomedical subjects

D M Roberton

Publications and source records attributed to D M Roberton.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The development of a microassay for human committed progenitor cells.

A microassay for human committed progenitor cells (CFU-c) has been developed using 24-well, 16 mm diameter culture dishes. Comparisons were made of simultaneous cultures of 21 samples in both 35 mm and 16 mm culture dishes employing two sources of colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The microassay does not differ significantly from the standard 1 ml 35 mm assay, apart from some enhancement of colony numbers in the 16 mm dish. Other advantages of the microassay are that it is economical with respect to cells, media, and space; and it is possible to increase the number of experiments fivefold which can be performed with the same number of cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The calorie intake and weight gain of low birth weight infants fed on fresh breast milk or a special formula milk.

The calorie intake and weight gain of 24 low birth weight (LBW) infants, less than 33 weeks gestation and less than 1500 g birth weight, was studied prospectively. Fourteen infants were fed on a commercially available LBW formula milk and ten were fed on their own mother's fresh unpasteurised expressed breast milk (EBM). The difference between the two feeding groups in the intake of milk and calories was not significant, but from the third week onwards those fed on the LBW formula gained weight faster. The mean (+/- SEM) weight increments for weeks 3-6 (inclusive) for LBW formula and EBM fed infants was 189.3 (+/- 7.9) and 139.6 (+/- 11.1) g/wk respectively (P less than 0.001). The LBW formula was well tolerated and is a suitable feed for LBW infants. However some babies thrived well on fresh EBM and so we are continuing to encourage mothers who wish, to breast feed their own preterm infants. When such infants fail to thrive it is appropriate to supplement with a LBW formula.

Blood↗
PubMed1984

Murine anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies fail to act as opsonins for allogeneic human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear phagocytes.

Seven murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to antigenic determinants present on human lymphocytes did not promote phagocytosis of allogeneic human lymphocytes by human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PML). Similarly there was no significant metabolic activation of PML as determined by incorporation of radiolabelled iodide. The opsonic activity of MoAbs was not enhanced by addition of human or rabbit complement nor by the use of sheep anti-mouse IgG, rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin or goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin as second antibody. Whole serum from mice immunized with human lymphocytes did not act as an opsonin when tested with human PML. Hyperimmune mouse antiserum to Bordetella pertussis antigen acted only weakly as an opsonin. Human PML may not have an in vivo role in the removal of allogeneic lymphocytes treated with murine anti-lymphocyte MoAbs.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ketoconazole treatment of nail infection in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is an immunodeficiency disorder which has significant morbidity due to mucous membrane, skin and nail infection. Attempts at reconstitution of immunological abnormalities have had only limited success. Ketoconazole is a newly available oral antifungal agent with activity against candida species. Prolonged administration of ketoconazole to four children with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis caused marked improvement at infected sites. Resolution of nail infections took up to 12 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

CFU-c enrichment from human bone marrow using a discontinuous Percoll gradient and soybean agglutinin in comparison with Ficoll-paque.

This study compares the efficiency of different methods of separation of human bone marrow in vitro prior to transplantation. Separation on Ficoll-paque resulted in a median recovery of 11.3 X 10(4) CFU-c/10(9) nucleated cells harvested. The recovery from the major CFU-c containing fraction following separation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient was 10.8 X 10(4) CFU-c/10(9) nucleated cells. The CFU-c recovered from Percoll were contained in a smaller number of cells, resulting in enrichment for CFU-c of 1.6 times that of Ficoll-paque. Further CFU-c enrichment to approximately three times that of Ficoll-paque separation was possible by treatment of Percoll fractionated cells with soybean agglutinin (SBA). However this caused an overall loss of 67% of CFU-c. Cells remaining after SBA treatment of the CFU-c containing Percoll fraction had increased spontaneous DNA synthesis and decreased PHA responses. There was no significant change in the mixed lymphocyte reaction in comparison with Ficoll-paque.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Unusual injury? Recent injury in normal children and children with suspected non-accidental injury.

Four hundred normal children aged between 2 weeks and 11 years were examined to determine the prevalence and site of recent injury of any type. There was evidence of injury in 37% with a steady increase in prevalence to 60% by the end of the third year of life. Bruising of the hands and feet and of the lower legs was the most frequent type of injury. Head and facial injuries were most common between 18 months and 3 years (17% of children) but were rare at other ages. Injury to the lumbar region was unusual before 5 years but was present in 14% of children of school age. In 84 children of similar age where non-accidental injury was proved or suspected a different pattern of injury was present. Sixty per cent had injuries to the head and face; this increase in prevalence was seen at all ages. These children also had more frequent injuries in the lumbar region, particularly before the age of 5 years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Milk antigen absorption in the preterm and term neonate.

The concentrations of beta-lactoglobulin was measured in the sera of 47 preterm an term neonates during the first few days of life under standardised conditions after feeding with a cows' milk'based formula. Preterm neonates, particularly those of less than 33 weeks' gestation, had higher serum concentrations of beta-lactoglobulin than term neonates given an equivalent mild feed. Prior feeding with breast milk did not diminish the amount of beta-lactoglobulin absorbed. Our results suggest tha te ability of the gastrointestinal tract to exclude antigenically intact food proteins increases with gestational age and that gut closure occurs normally before birth in man.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1981

A polymorph bactericidal defect and a lupus-like syndrome.

We describe a child with primary defect of polymorph bacterial killing associated with systemic lungs erythematosus. We suggest that her autoimmune disease results from chronic bacterial antigen stimulation and propose a hypothetical model linking immunodeficiency with autoimmunity.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1981

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil iodination response as an estimate of defective yeast opsonization.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil iodide uptake can be used as a measure of yeast opsonization and optimal assay conditions are described for the identification of sera defective in this function. The use of standard normal and defective sera permits correction of inter-assay variations resulting from the use of different cell donors. The iodination assay correlated well (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001) with a direct assay of yeast opsonization when both were used to measure this function in a panel of 72 sera. Differences in results between the two assay systems for some sera may be explained by a requirement for two different surface-associated opsonic molecules in the initiation of neutrophil metabolic activity.

Adult↗