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Biomedical subjects

D M Rings

Publications and source records attributed to D M Rings.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Bacterial meningitis and diseases caused by bacterial toxins.

Bacterial meningitis most commonly occurs in young calves secondary to septicemia. Clinical signs of hyperirritability are usually seen. Meningitis can be confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis and culture or by necropsy. Intoxications by the exotoxins of Clostridium perfringens types C and D, C. botulinum, and C. tetani are difficult to confirm. The clinical signs of these intoxications vary from flaccid paralysis (botulism) to muscular rigidity (tetanus). Treatment of affected cattle has been unrewarding in botulism and enterotoxemia, whereas early aggressive treatment of tetanus cases can often be successfully resolved. Botulism and enterotoxemia can be proved using mouse inoculation tests, whereas tetanus is diagnosed largely by ruling out other diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

False carotid aneurysm in a sheep.

A false carotid aneurysm was diagnosed in an adult Suffolk sheep examined because of dyspnea and dysphagia associated with a parotid-area mass. Ultrasonography, radiography, and endoscopy were used to delineate the mass. Surgical excision was accomplished; however, the ewe's dysphagia failed to improve. This case illustrates an unusual cause of dyspnea and dysphagia in a sheep.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1985

Salmonellosis in calves.

Despite the efforts of both physicians and veterinarians, the number of cases of salmonellosis per year has held steady or risen. The ability of the organism to live in many different animal species and under inhospitable environmental conditions is likely responsible for Salmonella's prevalence today. Diverse clinical signs occur in salmonellosis; they range from unthriftiness to explosive, necrotizing diarrheas with high mortality. Secondary complications of pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and meningoencephalitis can result from calfhood infections. Treatment of enteric salmonellosis is chiefly aimed at maintaining fluid, acid-base, and electrolyte balance. Bacteremic or septicemic calves also require systemic antibiotics. The control measures for salmonellosis are based on sanitation and management. Individual calf hutches or pens provide adequate isolation if sufficient spacing and good sanitation are maintained. The Salmonella vaccines presently available provide limited protection; however, live vaccines made from auxotrophic strains of Salmonella appear to be more efficacious.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Naturally occurring nasal obstructions in 11 sheep.

Eleven adult sheep of various breeds were examined due to inspiratory dyspnea. Fiberoptic examinations conducted in 8 of the sheep revealed masses to be obstructing the nasal passages. Identification of the masses through histopathologic examination showed 7 to be adenocarcinomas, 1 a papillary adenoma, and 4 were cases of glandular hyperplasia with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration (nasal polyps). One ewe had both an adenocarcinoma and a polyp. Surgical removal of the masses was attempted on 6 of the sheep. Four of the 6 surgically-treated sheep have survived between 2 mo. - 2 years without recurrence of the obstruction.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Abomasal emptying defect in Suffolk sheep.

Twelve Suffolk sheep were examined because of an abomasal emptying problem. Anorexia and weight loss were evident in 11 of the sheep. Ventral abdominal distention was observed in 5 sheep. Laboratory analyses failed to show the hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis commonly found in cattle with a similar problem. Rumen chloride concentrations in 3 sheep indicated reflux of abomasal contents into the rumen.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1983

Atrial fibrillation in cows: clinical findings and therapeutic considerations.

In a 3-year period, atrial fibrillation (AF) was diagnosed in 16 dairy cows between the ages of 2 and 11 years. Ten cows had AF when they were referred to the hospital and 6 cows developed AF while hospitalized. The chief reason for hospitalization in 15 of the cows was a gastrointestinal problem. Characteristic auscultatory findings were irregular rhythm (mean rate +/- SD: 94 +/- 25 beats/min), variation in the intensity of heart sounds, and absence of the 4th heart sound. The electrocardiographic features of AF were ventricular and F wave (mean +/- SD) rates of 94.4 +/- 24.8 and 272.7 +/- 53.3 beats/min, respectively. The most common electrolyte disorders were hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and hypokalemia. Some of the cows had no acid-base imbalance, but metabolic alkalosis, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic acidosis were found in other cows. Conversion to normal sinus rhythm (NSR) without specific therapy was documented by electrocardiography in 6 cows. In 7 of 9 cows treated with quinidine sulphate or quinidine gluconate, the AF converted to NSR. Quinidine plasma concentration at the time of conversion ranged from 2.2 to 24 micrograms/ml. Four cows died while they were hospitalized. Only 1 cow was in AF at the time of death and in no case was death attributed to AF. A follow-up on each of the survivors indicated that the persistence of AF was associated with poor performance and progressive cardiac disease, whereas conversion to NSR uniformly led to clinical improvement.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Spontaneous lower motor neuron disease with neurofibrillary accumulation in young pigs.

A spontaneous neurologic disease occurred in six 5 weeks old Yorkshire pigs of both sexes from four litters sired by one boar. Clinically, the disease was characterized initially by bilateral posterior ataxia and weakness which rapidly progressed to tetraplegia by 10 weeks of age. By light microscopy, there was bilateral neuronal chromatolysis, degeneration and loss restricted to motor nuclei in the ventral horns of the spinal cord, in the medulla oblongata and midbrain. In addition to diffuse Wallerian-type degeneration in the spinal cord white matter and ventral peripheral nerve roots, there was prominent neurogenic atrophy of skeletal muscle. Ultrastructurally, the perikaryon and processes of affected neurons contained massive accumulations of single 10 nm diameter neurofilaments. Copper concentrations of both the commercially prepared ration and the livers were within normal limits.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cardiopulmonary effects of intramuscular xylazine-ketamine in calves.

The cardiopulmonary effects of an intramuscular xylazine (0.088 mg/kg)-ketamine (4.4 mg/kg) drug combination were evaluated in calves. Heart rate, central venous and mean pulmonary artery blood pressures, and cardiac output did not change after drug administration. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) 15 minutes after drug administration. Respiratory frequency increased significantly (P less than 0.05) whereas arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) after drug administration. The duration of lateral recumbency was 55.7 +/- 10.4 minutes. Immediate or long-term adverse effects were not observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Echocardiographic diagnosis of endocarditis in a bull.

A 2-year-old Charolais bull was examined because of lameness that developed after infection of a tail laceration. A systolic murmur was auscultated during the routine physical examination. A diagnosis of endocarditis and polyarthritis secondary to septicemia from the tail lesion was made. The diagnosis was supported by echocardiography and blood cultures, which yielded Corynebacterium pyogenes. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Synovial fluid analysis in cattle: a review of 130 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To compare synovial fluid characteristics of cattle with infectious and noninfectious arthritis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. ANIMAL OR SAMPLE POPULATION: 130 cattle. METHODS: Synovial fluid was analyzed for total nucleated cell count (NCC), absolute number and percentages of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear cells, total protein (TP) concentration, and specific gravity. Cattle were categorized as having infectious or noninfectious arthritis based on physical and lameness examinations, joint radiographs, and microbial culture results. Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare synovial fluid analysis data from different categories. Selection of cut-off values for the calculation of likelihood ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values was based on examination of the distribution of the data using histograms. RESULTS: Cattle with infectious arthritis had significantly higher numbers of total NNC, PMN cells, TP concentration, and specific gravity (P = .0001) and a significantly higher percentage of PMN cells compared with cattle with noninfectious arthritis (P = .0001). The percentage of mononuclear cells was significantly higher in cattle with noninfectious arthritis (P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Synovial fluid analysis is useful for differentiation of infectious and noninfectious causes of joint disease in cattle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cattle with a synovial fluid total NCC > 25,000 cells/microL, a PMN cell count > 20,000 cells/microL or more than 80% PMN cells, and TP > 4.5 g/dL should be considered to have infectious arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori in gnotobiotic piglets.

Helicobacter pylori has recently been recognized as a gastric pathogen in humans. Experimental oral inoculation of gnotobiotic piglets with this organism results in gastritis that exhibits many features of the corresponding disease in humans. In piglets the organism is restricted to the gastric microenvironment and persists in that location despite prompt humoral and cellular responses to antigens of H. pylori. The gnotobiotic piglet model is useful for delineation of the role of suspected bacterial virulence factors (i.e., motility and urease production) in gastric colonization and for preclinical determination of the efficacy of various antimicrobial substances.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of naturally occurring proximal duodenal obstruction and abomasal volvulus in dairy cattle.

Physical and clinicopathologic findings from six cows with proximal duodenal obstruction (PDO) and 58 cows with abomasal volvulus (AV) were compared retrospectively. Many of the physical signs were similar in cows with PDO and cows with AV, but the two conditions differed in the type of abdominal distention, and in the findings from rectal examination and abdominal auscultation. Cows with PDO had significantly lower mean values for serum sodium (Na+) and chloride ion (Cl-), and higher mean values for plasma bicarbonate [HCO3-], base excess, carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), serum phosphate, urea nitrogen, and total protein than AV affected cattle. Cows with PDO showed hyperglycemia (range, 263-990 mg/dl; mean, 618 mg/dl) of unexplained etiology that was significantly higher than blood-glucose concentrations in AV cows (mean, 178 mg/dl). Although all AV cows with anion gap values greater than 32 mEq/l died;PDO cows with equally elevated anion gap survived. The anion gap elevations in PDO and AV cows resulted from accumulation of different anions. Although the site of obstruction of aborad flow of ingesta is similar in both disease conditions, the differences in physical and clinicopathologic findings appear to reflect differences in the degree of reticulo-omasal orifice obstruction and the degree of abomasal vascular compromise.

Abomasum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The etiology and surgical management of tracheal collapse in calves.

The mean ages of 10 calves with tracheal collapse were 2.7 weeks at onset of clinical signs and 9.4 weeks at presentation for treatment. Inspiratory and expiratory dyspnea and stunted growth were the most common clinical signs. There were abnormalities of the cranial ribs consistent with healing fractures with redundant callus in eight lateral thoracic radiographs. Tracheal collapse in calves may result from cranial thoracic trauma during or soon after birth. Short polypropylene ring prostheses made from 60 ml syringe barrels were placed on the tracheas of four calves with cervical tracheal collapse. There were cranial rib masses in all calves and resection of the right first and second ribs was necessary in one calf to allow placement of prostheses. Dyspnea was relieved in all calves. One calf died of unrelated causes in year 3, and one calf had recurrence of clinical signs at month 5 and was euthanatized. In both calves, tracheal stenosis resulted from continued growth and infolding of the trachea within the constraints of the prostheses. One calf was alive at month 11, and one calf died of acute bronchopneumonia on day 2. Removal of tracheal prostheses in calves is recommended after 2 to 3 months if clinical signs recur.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excision of neoplasms of the bovine lower eyelid by H-blepharoplasty.

Neoplasms of the lower eyelid in 14 cattle were treated by wide surgical excision and H-blepharoplasty. Healing was by first intention, and cosmetic results were satisfactory in all cases. Lid function was satisfactory in 12 cattle, and there was no evidence of recurrence after at least 6 months in 12 cattle. This therapy can be recommended for large infiltrative masses on the lower lid if there is no evidence of bony involvement, metastasis, or involvement of both puncta at the medial canthus.

Animals↗