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Biomedical subjects

D M Raezer

Publications and source records attributed to D M Raezer.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

The reproducibility and significance of carbon dioxide urethral profilometry.

Infusion urethral profilometry using carbon dioxide as a medium is an interesting study with a wide range of variability from day to day in a single individual, a fact that considerably reduces the value of a single measurement as a diagnostic tool. Presently, all forms of infusion profilometry must be considered to be interpretable only within the framework of the entire neurourologic evaluation. The study may be useful to make the clinician more secure about a particular diagnosis and as an objective measurement for medico-legal documentation. It also may be useful in predicting and objectively demonstrating treatment results if normal variability can be excluded. However, a high level of skepticism should be maintained regarding the value of the profile in those situations in which its interpretation does not correlate with the impression formed from the remainder of the neurourologic evaluation.

Adult

Bladder muscle contractility. Comparative effects and mechanisms of action of atropine, propantheline, flavoxate, and imipramine.

The anticholinergic and antispasmodic activity of atropine, propantheline, imipramine, and flavoxate were judged by each drug's ability to inhibit bethanechol chloride and barium chloride-induced canine detrusor contractions. In this in vitro model, atropine and propantheline are pure anticholinergic agents. Imipramine significantly decreases both bethanechol and barium-induced contractions, while flavoxate only minimally inhibits the response to either stimulant.

Animals

Innervation of trigonal area of canine urinary bladder.

Adrenergic and cholinergic histochemical staining techniques and in vitro muscle strip responses to adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation and blockade have failed to demonstrate any neuromorphologic or neuropharmacologic differences between the musculature of the canine trigone and that of the underlying detrusor. There is no evidence to suggest that a functional potential could be attributed to the trigone separate from that of the related bladder base.

Acetylcholine

Management of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in the adult.

A review of the management of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in the adult is presented. The various modes of therapy are classified according to their effects on bladder contractility and outlet resistance, providing a logical framework for discussion.

Autonomic Nerve Block

Adrenergic innervation and stimulation of canine urethra.

Sympathetic nervous innervation of the canine urethra was studied using catecholamine histofluorescent straining and the in vitro muscle bath. Morphologically, adrenergic nerves were found terminating on the urethral smooth muscle. Pharmacologically, urethral strips responded like muscle strips from the bladder base to adrenergic stimulation. This evidence supports the concept that the sympathetic nervous system supplies and modulates the function of the smooth muscle stimulation of the rich periurethral vasculature nerve supply.

Animals

Effect of levodopa on urinary bladder.

Levodopa therapy enhanced the ability of the bladder to store urine in two parkinsonian patients. In vitro canine muscle bath studies with the two major metabolites of levodopa, dopamine and norepinephrine, indicate that the effects of the drug on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system may play a major role in the improvement of urinary symptoms observed with levodopa therapy.

Aged

Oral methylene blue and the dissolution of renal calculi.

Oral methylene blue therapy was not effective in dissolving non-obstructive renal calculi in 26 patients but it may prevent new stone formation in patients with metabolically active urolithiasis. The use of methylene blue therapy in combination with other regimens having different mechanisms of stone inhibition is recommended to further improve results.

Administration, Oral

Adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation and blockade of the human bladder base.

The response of muscle strips from the human anterior and posterior bladder base to autonomic stimulation and blockade was studied. The human bladder base, like that of the dog, possesses an abundance of cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptor sites. Neuropharmacologically, the musculature of the anterior base is similar to that of the posterior base (trigone plus detrusor musculature).

Acetylcholine

Effect of muscle length on adrenergic stimulation of canine detrusor.

The effect of muscle length on adrenergic stimulation of canine detrusor was studied in an vitro muscle bath. The commonly reported response of muscle relaxation with norepinephrine stimulation was seen in muscle strips at or near the resting length. When the muscle strips were stretched, however, an alpha receptor mediated contraction was noted. Length, rather than norepinephrine dose or tension, was the predominant factor determining whether a given strip would respond in an alpha or beta fashion. Sympathetic stimulation may enhance accommodation (beta effect) during bladder filling at low muscle length and potentiate bladder emptying (alpha effect) at increased muscle length.

Animals

Effect of long-term chemical sympathectomy on function of canine urinary tract.

Destruction of the adrenergic terminals in the ureter, bladder, and urethra was produced and maintained in 4 dogs for periods up to twelve months by biweekly intraperitoneal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine. The effects on urine transport, storage, and elimination were studied. The results are discussed in the light of current knowledge regarding the sympathetic innervation of these organs and its function.

Animals