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Biomedical subjects

D M Moore

Publications and source records attributed to D M Moore.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Office-based system for voice analysis.

There has been recent growing interest in the analysis of various electronically recorded signals as potential tools for objective assessment of vocal dysfunction. In the past, analysis of such signals required an expensive multitrack FM recorder, mainframe computer system, customized software, and significant time commitment. This report describes an adaptation of commercially available components that allow digital recording of multiple electronic signals, storage of data, and subsequent signal analysis using an inexpensive personal microcomputer system. Commercially available software for manipulation and examination signals is discussed as adapted for examination of glottographic and acoustic signals. The relatively inexpensive availability of similar computer systems will, hopefully, encourage assessment of the clinical applications of objective techniques of voice quality.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1989

Identification of virus neutralizing epitopes on naturally occurring variants of type A12 foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Four naturally occurring antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A12 were examined for their capacity to be neutralized by a number of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) which recognize different sites on the virus surface. The VP1 coding region of the RNA genome was sequenced and amino acid changes were determined for the variants. One of the neutralizing sites accounted for the differing antigenic properties of the variants and the epitope was mapped to amino acid residues 150-156 of VP1. Another epitope originally thought to occupy a single site in the area of amino acids 168-179 of VP1 was found on all of the variants. Competitive binding assays did not identify the exact binding site for this monoclonal antibody and the results suggest that the epitope may represent a site more complex than a sequential epitope. A polyclonal antiserum to a 13 kDa fragment of VP1 (residues 55-179) was found to have all the virus reactivity associated with sites located between residues 133-164 of VP1. In contrast, an antiserum to VP1 was found to have additional virus binding sites outside of the 133-164 region of VP1.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Antigenic comparison of different foot-and-mouth disease virus types using monoclonal antibodies defining multiple neutralizing epitopes on FMDV A5 subtypes.

Thirteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were elicited with A5 Spain-86 virus, the cause of the most recent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) outbreak in Spain. The MAbs were tested for ability to bind 140S virions and 12S protein subunits by liquid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), and to bind VP1 capsid protein by Western immunoblot assay. One of the thirteen MAb was virion (140S) specific, seven recognized 140S and 12S subunits, one bound to 140S, 12S and VP1 and four were 12S specific. These MAbs presented varying binding patterns when tested against different FMDV subtypes and serotypes, indicating the presence of conserved and non-conserved epitopes among FMDV serotypes and subtypes. Neutralization assays, in vivo and in vitro, showed that none of the 140S specific MAbs or 12S specific MAbs were neutralizing, but notably several of the 12S specific MAbs bound to all the different FMDV serotypes and can be useful diagnostic reagent for the detection of FMDV. The remaining MAbs showed varying behavior with the different types tested: not all types to which the MAbs bound were neutralized, demonstrating that the presence of an epitope and subsequent neutralization of infectivity are not necessarily correlated. Five type A12 neutralizing MAbs, previously characterized, have been used in this work. Four bound to A5 Spain-86 virus, but only one neutralized viral infectivity. On the basis of differential reactivity and neutralization among various FMDV subtypes and serotypes, and cross-inhibition binding assays between these MAbs, seven neutralization related epitopes have been defined on A5 Spain-86 virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of neutralizing antigenic sites on the surface of type A12 foot-and-mouth disease virus.

A series of seven neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) directed against type A12 foot-and-mouth disease virus was used to generate neutralization-resistant variants. Both plaque reduction neutralization and microneutralization assays showed that the variants were no longer neutralized by the nMAbs used to generate them, although some of the variants still reacted with the nMAbs at high antibody concentrations. Results of cross-neutralization studies by both plaque reduction neutralization and microneutralization assays suggested the presence of at least one immunodominant antigenic site on the surface of type A12 foot-and-mouth disease virus, along with evidence of a second antigenic site on the viral surface. Two of the variants had reduced virulence in tissue culture as evidenced by their inability to inhibit cellular protein synthesis and a marked reduction in virus-induced cellular morphological alterations. Nucleotide sequencing of the variant genomes placed three epitopes of the major antigenic site on VP1 and the fourth epitope on VP3 and VP1. The one epitope of the minor site appears to reside only on VP1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

The effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation on phonation in an in vivo canine model.

The present investigation was designed to examine the effect of variation in recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation (RLNS) on vocal fold vibration. Photoglottography (PGG), electroglottography (EGG), and subglottic pressure (Psub) were measured in seven mongrel dogs using an in vivo canine model of phonation. The PGG, EGG, and Psub signals were examined at three fundamental frequencies (F0) (100 Hz, 130 Hz, and 160 Hz) for RLNS, using a constant rate of air flow. Increasing RLNS, which caused activation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, produced a modest increase in F0, a marked increase in Psub, no change in the open quotient (OQ), and an increase in the closing quotient (CQ). Phase quotient (Qp), which describes the interval between opening of the lower and upper fold margins, decreased with increasing RLNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Identification of synchronous esophageal tumors in patients with head and neck cancer.

Patients with a primary head and neck neoplasm are at risk for additional malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract, which may be asymptomatic. This phenomenon may reflect the regional carcinogenic influence of alcohol and tobacco abuse. A review of the recent literature documents the value of performing laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy on all patients being staged for head and neck tumors to identify second synchronous cancers, the presence of which may significantly alter the treatment plan.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

The effect of laryngeal nerve stimulation on phonation: a glottographic study using an in vivo canine model.

The present investigation was designed to examine the effect of change in vocal fold mass and stiffness on vocal fold vibration. To do this, the effect of variation in superior laryngeal nerve stimulation (SLNS) and recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation (RLNS) was studied Photoglottography (PGG), electroglottography (EGG), and subglottic pressure (Psub) were measured in seven mongrel dogs using an in vivo canine model of phonation. The PGG, EGG, and Psub signals were examined at three frequencies (100, 130, and 160 Hz) for SLNS and RLNS, using a constant rate of air flow. Increasing SLNS, which caused a contraction of the cricothyroid muscle, produced a marked increase in F0, little change in Psub, an increase in open quotient (OQ), and a decrease in the closed quotient (CQ) of the glottal cycle. Increasing RLNS, which caused activation of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, produced a modest increase in F0, a marked increase in Psub, no change in the OQ, and an increase in CQ. Phase quotient (Qp), which describes the interval between opening of the lower and upper fold margins, decreased with increasing RLNS and did not change significantly with increasing SLNS. Based upon changes in F0, Psub, OQ, CQ, and Qp, SLNS provides a physiologic correlate of the tension parameter Q, and RLNS provides a physiologic correlate of the parameter Psub in the Ishizaka and Flanagan two-mass model.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Synovial sarcoma of the head and neck.

Synovial sarcoma, a malignant soft-tissue tumor that occurs primarily in the extremities, is seen rarely in the head and neck. Although known to behave aggressively in the extremities, recent reports suggest that the course of synovial sarcoma may be more indolent when it occurs in the head and neck. Five new cases of synovial sarcoma of the head and neck are described herein. Of four patients with adequate follow-up, three died of pulmonary metastases at 1, 2 1/2, and 8 years following initial treatment. The fourth patient is alive with disease at the primary site six years after diagnosis. The poor prognosis for patients with this disease suggests that aggressive treatment is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Proteolytic processing of foot-and-mouth disease virus polyproteins expressed in a cell-free system from clone-derived transcripts.

All picornaviral genes are expressed as a single, large polyprotein, which is proteolytically processed into the system produces functional proteins, including viral protease 3C, which plays a major role in processing the precursor proteins. To study the function of the two putative proteases 3C and leader (L) in processing, we constructed several cDNA plasmids encoding various regions of the FMDV type A12 genome. These plasmids, containing FMDV cDNA segments under the control of the T7 promoter, were transcribed in vitro by using T7 RNA polymerase and then translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The expressed FMDV gene products were identified by immunoprecipitation with specific antisera and analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The results demonstrate the following: (i) the leader protein, L, is processed from the structural protein precursor, P1, in the absence of any P2 or P3 region proteins; (ii) protein 2A remains associated with the structural protein precursor, P1, rather than the precursor, P2; (iii) the processing of the P1-2A/P2 junction is not catalyzed by 3C or L; (iv) the proteolytic processing of polyproteins from the structural P1 region (except VP4/VP2) and the nonstructural P2 and P3 region is catalyzed by 3C.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of calcium on oxytocin-induced contraction of mammary gland myoepithelium as visualized by NBD-phallacidin.

The effect of calcium on oxytocin-induced contraction of myoepithelial cells was visualized with NBD-phallacidin, a fluorescent stain for filamentous actin. In the absence of oxytocin, the cells appeared relaxed; long, branching processes radiated from the cell bodies. In the presence of 50 nM-oxytocin, myoepithelial cells contracted into smaller spoke-shaped bodies in which the arms were shorter and thicker. Electron microscopy confirmed the morphological differences between oxytocin-treated and untreated myoepithelium. To determine a role for extracellular calcium, tissue was incubated in EGTA, then exposed to oxytocin, with or without added calcium. Contraction occurred in the presence of oxytocin plus additional calcium but not in the absence of calcium. When the tissue was incubated with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) in calcium-containing medium, oxytocin did not induce myoepithelial cell contraction. These data support previous results obtained with a myosin light-chain phosphorylation assay implicating calcium and calmodulin in oxytocin-induced contraction. Furthermore, NBD-phallacidin visualization of myoepithelial cells demonstrates that the effect of calcium on contraction is physiologically significant.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1987

Videostroboscopy of the canine larynx: the effects of asymmetric laryngeal tension.

The effects of simulated paralysis of the peripheral laryngeal nerves on patterns of vocal cord vibrations were studied. Videostroboscopy was used in seven anesthetized mongrel dogs to record laryngeal vibrations during direct electrical stimulation of the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves under conditions of constant airflow. Stroboscopic images obtained from both supraglottic and subglottic aspects were analyzed frame-by-frame. Results indicated that simulated paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or combined paralysis of the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves produced a diminished mucosal wave bilaterally, with loss of the two-mass system of vibration and diminished lateral excursion of the normal cord. In contrast, simulated paralysis of the superior laryngeal nerve was characterized by an abnormally exaggerated vertical movement of the paralyzed cord in relation to the normal cord and a horizontal shifting of the glottis from the paralyzed to the normal side during each vibratory cycle. Clinical implications are discussed and the literature reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Early vocal cord carcinoma in obese patients: a surgical lesion.

Early epidermoid carcinoma of the vocal cord is treated successfully by radiation therapy with high 5-year survival rates, low morbidity, and preservation of excellent voice quality in most cases. Typically, surgery is reserved for salvage of radiation failure and provides overall 5-year survival rates of 98% and 90% for T1 and T2 lesions, respectively. The extremely obese patient, often with a short neck and excessive amounts of subcutaneous fat, is difficult for both radiotherapist and surgeon to diagnose and treat. The recent observation of an unusually high rate of radiotherapy failure in a cluster of obese patients with early vocal cord cancer called attention to this problem. Because the larynx is near the thoracic inlet in obese patients, they are not suitable for administration of radiotherapy by accurate opposed lateral portals. The patients reported herein were treated entirely with anterior oblique portals. Of the five obese patients who underwent primary radiation therapy for early vocal cord cancer, three developed recurrent disease (60%) and a fourth developed a severe perichondritis requiring tracheostomy. Two patients with recurrent disease were successfully salvaged with total laryngectomy, while the third patient refused surgery and died 2 years later. The sixth patient was treated by partial laryngectomy with imbrication reconstruction and is alive and without evidence of disease 2 years following surgery. Recurrence rates and complication rates following primary radiation therapy for early vocal cord cancer appear to be unacceptably high in obese patients treated with anterior oblique portals. Therefore, we recommend conservation laryngeal surgery for obese patients with early vocal cord cancer who cannot undergo "standard" radiotherapeutic techniques.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Laryngeal modeling: theoretical, in vitro, in vivo.

Because the larynx is situated anatomically in an area which is difficult to measure and visualize, theoretical, in vitro, and in vivo models are used in laryngeal research. Vocal fold vibration was studied in anesthetized dogs, while electrically stimulating independently the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves under conditions of constant airflow. Photoglottographic (PGG), electroglottographic (EGG), and subglottic pressure signals were obtained while stroboscopically photographing the larynx. Specific points along PGG, EGG, and subglottic pressure waveforms were correlated with laryngeal events which occurred during vibration. The canine larynx, in an experimentally produced phonatory mode, vibrates in a two mass (upper and lower margin) system and appears comparable to modal human voice production. The recorded glottographic waveforms from experimentally produced phonation in the canine are similar to signals recorded from humans. However, observed differences can be related to anatomic differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Peliosis hepatis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

We report two cases of peliosis hepatis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Hepatic tissue, obtained by needle biopsy from one patient and at postmortem examination from a second patient, demonstrated lesions grossly and microscopically consistent with previous descriptions of peliosis. Peliotic lesions were also identified in the spleen and porta hepatis lymph nodes in the second case. In at least one of the cases, peliosis was thought to play a significant role in the patient's morbidity and ultimate demise. Peliosis hepatis should be included in the differential diagnosis of hepatic disease among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the lateral orbital wall.

Two children (aged 18 and 23 months at the initial examinations) were each ultimately found at surgery to have a solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the lateral orbital wall. Both patients had a symptomatic period of six weeks during which time other diagnoses were considered: bacterial preseptal cellulitis and mumps dacryoadenitis in the first case and traumatic recurrent orbital hematoma in the second. Diagnostic difficulties stemmed from confusing features in their histories, as well as the location of the lesion and the deceptively minimal swelling relative to the actual size of the lesion. Follow-up ten and 18 months after curettage of the two lesions showed no recurrence or evidence of systemic involvement. Although most reported cases describe the orbital frontal bone as the site of origin in the orbit, our cases demonstrated that unifocal eosinophilic granuloma may occur in the lateral wall of the orbit.

Diagnosis, Differential↗