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Biomedical subjects

D M Monro

Publications and source records attributed to D M Monro.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

Comparison of measured and computed epicardial potentials from a patient-specific inverse model.

This study reports the first direct comparison of measured and computed epicardial potentials in which the specific anatomy of a test subject has been used to calculate the inverse electrocardiographic model. It is now feasible to obtain low-noise body surface potential maps and to incorporate accurate anatomic data into inverse procedures for the purpose of computing epicardial potential distributions. The direct verification of computed human epicardial distributions remains an important goal. The experiment reported here obtained direct measurements from six transcutaneous pacing wires that were attached to points on the epicardial surface of the human heart in an intact subject. From the same subject, a magnetic resonance scan was used to produce a specific thoracic model consisting of 5-mm cubes. The forward model uses the finite difference method to compute a forward transfer matrix that relates each of 26 epicardial regions to body surface measurements. The inverse computation was performed by zero-order Tikhonov regularization. Body surface potentials were used in the inverse procedure to compute epicardial potentials, which were then compared with direct epicardial measurements. The computed epicardial potentials were compared to the measured ones by correlation, which gave an amplitude-independent measure of similarity. Amplitude differences and time delays in computed potentials were observed, but the morphologic trend was generally well recovered. The results obtained indicate the sensitivity of the inverse model to a number of factors. The robustness of computed epicardial distributions to errors in assumed lung conductivity is shown. Results from a nonpatient-specific, but realistic, torso model are presented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗

Parallel computation of ECG fields.

A parallel implementation of a finite difference model for computing the electric field of cardiac sources is presented. On a relatively inexpensive SIMD parallel computer, a full-forward solution is obtained in minutes, using accurate thoracic detail including anisotropy if required. Because the computation is based on a volume grid with constant size voxels, it readily accepts anatomical data from classified magnetic resonance imaging scans. By using a variation of the colored successive over-relaxation iteration, our finite difference model takes full advantage of the performance of massively parallel computers. Evaluations of the accuracy and performance of the model show the practicality of using specific anatomical models to recover the electrocardiographic field distributions for individual subjects. A relatively modest parallel machine is capable of assembling and computing a specific direct inverse solution from body surface potentials within an hour of measurement, assuming the magnetic resonance imaging classification has been previously completed.

Electrocardiography↗

Body surface potential mapping to monitor the effects of thrombolytic therapy following acute myocardial infarction.

The authors demonstrate the value of body surface potential mapping (BSPM) and a limited lead system in monitoring complete ECG evolution following myocardial infarction (MI) and the effects of thrombolytic therapy. They produced ST-segment isopotential maps, which indicate the site and extent of myocardial injury. Pathological Q wave maps were also produced, which intimate the extent of myocardial necrosis. Analysis of a sequence of maps recorded during the acute phase of MI revealed sudden changes attributed to reperfusion, reinfarction or "silent" events.

Adult↗

Comparison of epicardial and body surface ECG potentials in man.

Simultaneously measured epicardial electrograms and body surface electrocardiograms in human subjects were compared. Unipolar electrograms were recorded from up to three epicardial sites in each of 21 patients one week after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Simultaneously, electrocardiograms were recorded from 37 body surface electrodes. The epicardial electrograms from ventricular sites correlated well during the QRS complex with body surface electrocardiograms at geometrically similar positions. In particular, most posterior epicardial sites correlated best with posterior body surface regions, contrary to model predictions. P waves recorded from the right atrial surface showed a sharp negative deflection not evident in body surface P waves. A large intersubject variation was evident when the magnitude of epicardial potentials was compared with the body surface potentials. The findings are relevant to the interpretation of surface maps, the estimation of epicardial potentials from surface maps, and the positioning of body surface electrodes.

Electrocardiography↗

Interpolation methods for surface mapping.

Methods for preparation of three dimensional information for isoline mapping are described based on Fourier, Chebyshev, and cubic interpolation from regularly spaced arrays of spatial data. Most current biomedical mapping is in electrocardiography, but other areas of application are likely. The procedures described can be used to make high quality maps for sparse information which is either periodic or aperiodic. A FORTRAN program is given as an example for interpolation of a typical map using a combination of Chebyshev and cubic interpolation, together with some subroutines of general application to interpolation.

Computers↗

A portable integer FFT in FORTRAN.

A radix 2 integer fast Fourier transform is organised for compatibility among small computer systems by simulating binary fraction multiplications and bit reversal as functions in basic FORTRAN. After installation the efficiency can be improved by machine code replacement of some parts.

Computers↗