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Biomedical subjects

D M Lloyd

Publications and source records attributed to D M Lloyd.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cigarette-smoking and drug use in schoolchildren in the Hunter Region, New South Wales. 1. Tobacco, alcohol and analgesic use in 10 to 12 year old primary schoolchildren (1979).

In 1979, as the first stage in the evaluation of an educational strategy designed to discourage children from smoking, we surveyed primary school children aged from 10 to 12 years in the Hunter Health Region (New South Wales) determine smoking prevalence rates. The self-report questionnaires also included questions on use of alcohol and analgesics. Our results suggest a possible decline in smoking prevalence from levels observed in earlier Australian studies. Among the smokers, over half the children claimed to smoke one brand (Winfield). Children who admitted to being regular cigarette smokers were more likely to be the children who made regular use of alcohol and analgesics.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1976

Studies on oxidative phosphorylation and steroidogenesis by ovarian mitochondria after gonadotropic stimulation.

No differences in oxidative phosphorylation or in the per cent of [4-14C]progesterone were found in ovarian mitochondria of immature rats after treatment with 20 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) iv 30 min before killing. However, treatment of immature rats with 20 IU of PMSG sc 54 h prior to killing decreased the ADP:O ratio and increased the per cent of [4-14C]cholesterol conversion. Electron microscopic studies showed that mitochondria with lamellar cristae were prominent in ovaries of untreated rats, while large pleomorphic mitochondria and mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae dominated in ovaries of PMSG-treated rats. Ovarian homogenates separated by zonal centrifugation showed three peaks od cytochrome oxidase activity which shifted to the heavier end of the gradient after PMSG treatment. These studies suggest that PMSG treatment influences ovarian mitochondria, possibly by stimulating the synthesis of additional functional components and/or the biogenesis of new mitochondria. Aminoglutethimide addition to bovine luteal mitochondria decreased steroidogenesis by 60% when succinate was used as substrate. However, there was a 16% increase in the ADP:O ratio, apparently due to a decrease in oxygen utilization. When oligomycin was added to luteal mitochondria, there was a 30% decrease in the ACP:O ratio but a 300% increase in [4-14C]cholesterol conversion. Dinitrophenol also decreased mitochondrial steroidogenesis. These results suggest that energy obtained from succinate oxidation can be diverted from phosphorylation to support steroidogenesis.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of transport and indomethacin on telemetered body temperature and release of cortisol and prolactin in pre-pubertal pigs.

Previous research indicates that acute physical stress (restraint) raises core temperature in growing pigs via a prostaglandin-dependent mechanism. This study investigated whether transport stress affects body temperature in pigs and whether any such changes might involve endogenous prostaglandins. Pre-pubertal boars (n = 7) were implanted with venous catheters and biotelemetry devices for the measurement of core temperature. They were transported for two hours, with and without indomethacin (IND) pre-treatment, and blood samples were taken at 15 minute intervals for the determination of plasma cortisol and prolactin concentrations. The results indicated that, contrary to predictions, body temperature tended to fall during transport and that the effect was exaggerated by IND. By contrast, cortisol concentrations increased during transport and were unaffected by IND whereas the tendency for transport to stimulate prolactin release was reversed by IND.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.

The finished sequence of human chromosome 20 comprises 59,187,298 base pairs (bp) and represents 99.4% of the euchromatic DNA. A single contig of 26 megabases (Mb) spans the entire short arm, and five contigs separated by gaps totalling 320 kb span the long arm of this metacentric chromosome. An additional 234,339 bp of sequence has been determined within the pericentromeric region of the long arm. We annotated 727 genes and 168 pseudogenes in the sequence. About 64% of these genes have a 5' and a 3' untranslated region and a complete open reading frame. Comparative analysis of the sequence of chromosome 20 to whole-genome shotgun-sequence data of two other vertebrates, the mouse Mus musculus and the puffer fish Tetraodon nigroviridis, provides an independent measure of the efficiency of gene annotation, and indicates that this analysis may account for more than 95% of all coding exons and almost all genes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic reduction of incarcerated Meckel's diverticulum following abdominal hysterectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic techniques are increasingly being utilized to diagnose and successfully manage intestinal obstruction. CASE REPORT: We describe a patient who presented with intestinal obstruction following a recent abdominal hysterectomy. The obstruction was caused by entrapment of a segment of small bowel containing a Meckel's diverticulum within a pouch formed by the peritoneal layer following mass closure of the abdominal wound. DISCUSSION: We discuss the literature on the abdominal wound closure technique. The role of laparoscopy in dealing with intestinal obstruction is reviewed briefly. We have also summarized the management of an incidental Meckel's diverticulum found at laparoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two-stage subtotal hepatectomy for metastatic adrenal adenocarcinoma, a case report.

Adrenal adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. We present a case of recurrent adrenal adenocarcinoma with synchronous bilobar liver metastases that was treated by a two-stage subtotal hepatectomy. A formal right hemihepatectomy was performed with cryotherapy to a left lobe metastasis that was subsequently resected after a period of hepatic regeneration.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Removal of retained lead shot through laparoscopic appendectomy.

We describe a patient presenting with lead shot in his appendix. A plain radiograph of his lumbar spine was performed for back pain, and an incidental finding of lead shot retained within the appendix was seen. Lead shot in the appendix is associated with appendicitis, and 2 cases have been reported of lead intoxication. We suggest that an elective laparoscopic appendectomy should be offered to patients as a possible management option.

Appendectomy↗