[Stages of organization of hospital care for veterans of the Great Patriotic War].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D M Kulibaba.
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The problem of sepsis and septic shock (SSH) is known to be very actual due to peak-shaped growth of the number of such patients and unsatisfactory results of treatment. The occurrence of SSH is different--from 10% in the structure of infectious complications after polytrauma to 50% in patients with gram-negative sepsis in patients with burn disease. An analysis of treatment of 165 patients with SSH developed against the background of peritonitis has revealed high level of lethality (64%). In the pathogenesis of SSH an important role is played by immune disorders resulting in the development of generalized inflammation and polyorganic insufficiency. Treatment of patients with SSH must be necessarily supplemented with immuno-correcting techniques: use of medicines of nonspecific anti-cytokine action (pentoxyphillin) and regulators of the immune response (ronkoleukin, blood perfusion through the donor porcine spleen). The timely performed immunomodulating therapy allowed lethality of patients with SSH to be reduced to 32%.
The authors analyze results of the investigation of hemodynamics in the abdominal cavity vessels by the method of duplex scanning in 30 patients with acute cholecystitis, in 30 patients with mechanical jaundice and cholelithiasis and in 30 healthy subjects. It was found that these patients had less blood flow along the upper mesenterial artery and the portal vein. As a compensation the blood flow increased along the hepatic artery.
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An analysis of observations of 747 patients with peritonitis is presented, 94 of them had toxico-septic shock. A classification of severity of the shock is proposed in the article as well as principles of making diagnosis and treatment at different steps of management of such patients.
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In 165 patients with the different forms of cholelithiasis, a level of the circulating immune complexes (CIC) was measured in the blood serum and bile from the common bile duct at the postoperative period. In associated purulent-resorptive and cholemic intoxication, the CIC level in the blood serum and bile increases. This, in turns, enhances the likelihood of the development of purulent-septic complications at the postoperative period, and requires performance of target immunocorrection.
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The authors made an analysis of early operations on 6076 patients. This tactics used in 84.3% of the patients allowed to reduce postoperative lethality up to 2.5%.
Among the patients with acute cholecystitis, those at the age of 20-45 years account for 12.6%. Of them, 50.9% develop complications: choledocholithiasis, obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, pancreatitis etc. The main method for treatment of the patients is the operation within 24-48 hr from the moment of their admission with intraoperative diagnosis of pathology of the extrahepatic bile ducts. There were no lethality, postoperative complications were noted in 9.3% of the patients.
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Acute destructive cholecystitis in cats is attended by the development of metabolic acidosis. Reduction of pH is marked in the portal vein blood. The liver contributes to the compensation of metabolic acidosis by vascular reactions comprising limitation of portal blood flow and intensification of blood flow in the hepatic artery. This made it possible to maintain pH of blood flowing from the vein on the level of arterial pH and led to increased production of bicarbonate by the liver into systemic circulation.
On the basis of experimental and clinical investigations the authors showed immunity depression in complicated forms of cholelithiasis. Thymogene appeared to be efficient for immunocorrection that permitted to lower the frequency of postoperative complications and lethality.
Experimental (86 experiments) and clinical investigations (in 300 patients) have shown that under conditions of complicated cholecystitis the general hepatic blood flow is decreased and the oxygen regimen of the liver and its detoxicating function is disturbed. Intraportal infusions of adenosine and riboxine increase the hepatic blood flow.