Speech perception by prelingually deaf children after six years of Cochlear implant use: effects of age at implantation.
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Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
D M Kelsay
Publications and source records attributed to D M Kelsay.
Speech perception by prelingually deaf children using cochlear implants.
In this investigation we measured the performance of 50 prelingually deaf children on several speech perception tests. Children were from 2 to 15 years of age, and some children were tested with as much as 5 years of cochlear implant use. Speech perception tests included the recognition of stress pattern, consonants, vowels, words, and sentences. The audiovisual perception of consonants was also measured. Average results indicated that gains were being made in the perception of stress and words in a closed-set context within 1 year from implantation. The perception of words in an open-set context demonstrated much slower increases over time. Large individual differences were observed. Some preliminary data suggest that children who receive implants before the age of 4 years obtain higher scores, on average, than children who receive implants after the age of 5 years. Some children become part-time users or nonusers of their cochlear implants. The average results from 18 congenitally deaf children were significantly higher than the average results from 12 children with prelingually acquired deafness after 3 years of implant use. Information on vowel and consonant features shows increases in performance after 2 years of cochlear implant use, with the exception of the place feature. For this feature, no changes were observed. Vision-alone testing indicated that lipreading performance increased over time. An audiovisual enhancement provided by the cochlear implant was observed for all features.
Adolescent↗
Cochlear implant use by prelingually deafened children: the influences of age at implant and length of device use.
This study focused on long-term speech perception performances of 34 prelingually deafened children who received multichannel cochlear implants manufactured by Cochlear Corporation. The children were grouped by the age at which they received cochlear implants and were characterized by the amount of time they used their device per day. A variety of speech perception tests were administered to the children at annual intervals following the connection of the external implant hardware. No significant differences in performance are evident for children implanted before age 5 compared to children implanted after age 5 on closed-set tests of speech perception ability. All children demonstrated an improvement in performance compared to the pre-operative condition. Open-set word recognition performance is significantly better for children implanted before age 5 compared to children implanted after age 5 at the 36-month test interval and the 48-month test interval. User status, defined by the amount of daily use of the implant, significantly affects all measures of speech perception performance except pattern perception.
Adolescent↗
Speech perception in prelingually implanted children after four years.
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Auditory Threshold↗
Speech perception by prelingually deaf children and postlingually deaf adults with cochlear implant.
We review recent data from the University of Iowa obtained from prelingually deaf children over 3 years using feature-extraction versions of the Nucleus cochlear implant, and from postlingually deaf adults using the compressed-analog Ineraid, a feature-extraction version of Nucleus, and a continuous interleaved sampling version of the Clarion cochlear implant. Both adults and children were followed over a 3-year period. Average results are shown where each patient is represented at each point in time. Results for the children show continued improvement over the 3-year period, with some children obtaining maximum scores possible on the easier closed-set tests. Substantial improvements in audiovisual enhancement were provided by the cochlear implant. Results from the adults show maximum gains within the first year of implant use, although some patients show continued improvements after 2 years of implant use. Adults who have been deaf for several years and who receive their implant when they are older tend not to perform as well as adults who have been deaf for only a few years or receive their implant when they are younger.
Adult↗
Performance of 2- and 3-year-old children and prediction of 4-year from 1-year performance.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether children perform better when they receive cochlear implants when they are 2 to 4 years of age than when they are older, and to determine whether 4-year performance can be predicted from 1-year results. METHOD: Children in two age groups (2 to 4, 4 to 9 years) were tested for performance, and the age groups were compared. Children were also tested 1 and 4 years after implantation. RESULTS: The results suggest that the "implanted young" group scored higher than the "implanted old" group after 36 months, and that 1-year performance is helpful in predicting 4-year performance. CONCLUSION: It may be desirable for children to undergo implantation when they are under 2 years of age, provided that appropriate selection criteria can be determined.
Child↗
Advantages and disadvantages expected and realized by pediatric cochlear implant recipients as reported by their parents.
Studies documenting subjective changes in quality of life of pediatric cochlear implant recipients are limited. In this study, parents of cochlear implant recipients completed a questionnaire requesting them to list advantages and disadvantages associated with their children's cochlear implant use. Preimplantation, benefits expected by parents included awareness of environmental sounds (89% of parents), improved speech perception (50%), and improved speech production (36%). Disadvantages expected included equipment maintenance and repair (21% of parents), slow progression of auditory and speech skills (21%), and resistance to wearing the device (18%). One year postimplantation, benefits reported by parents included environmental sound perception (76% of parents), speech perception (64%), and speech production (52%). Two years postimplantation, benefits reported by parents included perception of environmental sounds (76% of parents), speech perception (67%), and speech production (57%). Three years postimplantation, benefits reported included perception of environmental sounds (61% of parents), speech perception (78%), and speech production (74%). Postimplantation, 36%, 24%, and 52% of the parents had no disadvantages to report at the 1, 2, and 3-year intervals, respectively. At all postimplant intervals, disadvantages associated with the size and maintenance of equipment were listed most frequently (36%, 48%, and 22% of parents, respectively). Open-ended questionnaires may be useful when evaluating a child before or after cochlear implantation.
Adolescent↗
Performance over time of congenitally deaf and postlingually deafened children using a multichannel cochlear implant.
The speech perception performance of 10 congenitally deaf and 3 postlingually deafened children who received the Cochlear Corporation multichannel cochlear implant was examined and compared. The children were tested preimplant and at 6-month intervals up to 2 years using the Monosyllable-Trochee-Spondee test (MTS), the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification test (WIPI), and Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten (PB-K) or Northwestern University List 6 (NU-6) word lists. The postlingually deafened children exhibited significantly improved performance on open- and closed-set tests of word recognition after 6 months of implant use, a pattern similar to that of postlingually deafened adult implant users. In contrast, the congenitally deaf children did not exhibit measurably improved performance on speech perception tests until after 12 months or more of implant use. With as much as 18-24 months of use, however, some congenitally deaf children demonstrated limited open-set word recognition.
Acoustic Stimulation↗