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Biomedical subjects

D M Jones

Publications and source records attributed to D M Jones.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Comparative studies of the use of some injectable anaesthetic agents in birds.

The effect of three injectable drugs and a combination of two of them was compared in birds. The agents were ketamine hydrochloride, xylazine hydrochloride and the steroid mixture alphaxalone-alphadolone. Ketamine and xylazine were used in combination. One hundred and fifty-four species, all maintained by major zoos in the United Kingdom, were involved in the study. The results indicate that the drugs used produced more widely differing effects in the range of species studied than have previously been reported.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1984

Blood sampling techniques in reptiles.

Disposition of the superficial blood vessels was studied in 38 species of reptiles with a view to examining their suitability for taking blood samples. It was concluded that the coccygeal veins were probably the most suitable for this purpose and the precise techniques for sampling from the different orders are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Capturing wildlife.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1984

Physical and chemical methods of capturing deer.

Most veterinary surgeons associate the capture of deer with projectile darts and immobilising drugs, but techniques for physical capture are used extensively particularly in deer farming and for ecological studies. The paper describes these different methods and the circumstances appropriate to their use.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of biotypes and serotypes of Campylobacter sp. isolated from patients with enteritis and from animal and environmental sources.

The origin of sporadic campylobacter infections has been investigated by means of a collaborative study. From a total of 1152 cases reported in North West England in 1982, Campylobacter strains isolated during one month in each quarter of the year were biotyped and serotyped. For comparison, 875 strains of Campylobacter isolated from environmental and animal sources were similarly examined. Most strains from human beings were Campylobacter jejuni; about half of them were of three serotypes. Those serotypes commonly found in human infections were frequent among strains isolated from environmental and animal sources.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Observations on the toxicity of the combination of gentamicin and mezlocillin in the treatment of patients with acute leukaemia.

In a retrospective study we have compared the toxic side effects related to the use of two antibiotic regimens in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic, leukaemic patients undergoing first remission-induction. Nephrotoxicity was more severe in the gentamicin-mezlocillin (G/M) group: four patients developed oliguric renal failure and two others showed rises in the serum creatinine of more than 0.03 mmol/l. One of the two patients in the gentamicin-ticarcillin (G/T) group who showed nephrotoxicity developed renal failure. Ototoxicity and skin rashes were more commonly observed with G/M than with G/T, and the differences were statistically significant for both ototoxicity (P = 0.0004) and drug rashes (P = 0.02). The cause of the observed differences in toxicity has not been identified.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

A new bacterial flagellar structure found in campylobacters.

A previously unrecognized bacterial flagellar structure present in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus is described. The structure is located just below the insertion of the flagellar apparatus through the bacterial wall. It is disc shaped, approximately 100 nm in diameter and has eleven spokes radiating from a central hole. The function of this new structure and its possible importance in the taxonomy of campylobacters and other spiral micro-organisms are discussed.

Campylobacter fetus↗
PubMed1984

The psychological side effects of acebutolol and atenolol.

We have measured the psychological effects of acebutolol and atenolol in sixteen patients with essential hypertension. The drugs were administered in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind manner, in single daily doses of 100 mg atenolol, 400 mg acebutolol or placebo for periods of 6 weeks, each drug period being separated by a placebo period. At each 2 weekly clinic visit, a questionnaire designed for assessment of state anxiety and state arousal was administered for self-completion. Arousal was significantly reduced by atenolol over the whole 6 weeks of administration. It was not affected by acebutolol. Anxiety was significantly reduced by acebutolol but only at the first of the three 2 weekly assessments on treatment. It was not affected by atenolol. Differences in the psychological effects of these two beta-adrenoceptor blockers are discussed in terms of their lipid solubility and haemodynamic effects.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1984

Campylobacter like organisms on the gastric mucosa: culture, histological, and serological studies.

Biopsy samples were taken from the gastric mucosa of 50 patients attending a gastroscopy clinic; blood was also taken for serological studies. A campylobacter like organism was grown from 31 patients (62%) and the organism was seen in sections from 27 biopsies. Antibody was found in 31 patients by complement fixation and in 27 by bacterial agglutination. There were strong positive correlations between the presence of the organism, detectable antibody, and histological gastritis. Antibody to the campylobacter like organism was comparatively uncommon in patients without gastritis and in samples from blood donors and antenatal patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hand grip--a simple test for morbidity after fracture of the neck of femur.

Seventy-six female patients, having sustained a fracture of the neck of femur, were assessed preoperatively by measuring their muscle strength in the form of grip using a hand-held dynamometer and by measuring serum albumin. A grip strength of less than 15 kg was found to be a reliable predictor of subsequent postoperative complications in female patients over the age of 80. Serum albumin had no predictive value. There was no significant difference in complication rates between different surgeons.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Peptide inhibitors of renin.

Analogues of renin substrate that incorporated a non-cleavable isostere at the scissile bond are powerful inhibitors of renin both in vitro, and in animals and man.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Blood sampling technique in penguins (Sphenisciformes).

The blood vessels in the flippers of members of the Sphenisciformes were studied with the aim of locating a suitable anatomical site for the collection of blood from this order. The optimal site was found to be the brachial vein on the ventral surface of the flipper. Blood samples were taken using this method from five different species.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Water-borne outbreak of campylobacter gastroenteritis.

An outbreak of gastroenteritis affecting 234 pupils and 23 staff at a boarding school occurred over a period of 8 weeks. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from pupils and staff, and from two samples of cold water taken from an open-topped storage tank which supplied predominantly unchlorinated water to the main school building. The two isolates from water were of the same serotype. This serotype was the commonest of the three serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni detected in isolates from pupils and staff. There was a highly significant association between consumption of water from the cold water storage tank and reported illness in staff. Attack rates in pupils corresponded closely with the extent of distribution of this water-supply to the main residential houses. Contamination of water by faecal material from birds or bats was the most likely source of infection.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed1983

New inhibitors of human renin tested in vitro and in vivo in the anaesthetized baboon.

A new inhibitor of human renin (H. 189) is described. It is a decapeptide analogue of human renin substrate with the amino acid, statine, substituted for leucine in the scissile bond. Its inhibitory potency as shown by IC50 is 1.0 X 10(-8) M with human plasma renin and 1.5 X 10(-8) M with baboon plasma renin. It is less effective with dog and rat renin, but its inhibitory potency with human renin is similar to that of another inhibitor of ours (H. 142) having a reduced isostere in the scissile bond. H. 189 has some inhibitory effect on cathepsin D (IC50 6.5 X 10(-5) M) but H. 142 has no discernible effect. Pepstatin, on the other hand, was highly effective against cathepsin D (IC50 1.2 X 10(-8) M). H. 142 and H. 189 were infused intravenously at 10 mg/kg/h in four anaesthetized salt-deplete baboons (Papio hamadryas). The activity of renin in plasma decreased markedly as did the circulating concentration of its products, angiotensin I and angiotensin II.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1983

Parametric studies of tinnitus masking and residual inhibition.

A study was made of the relation between tinnitus masker composition (frequency, bandwidth, intensity duration) and the time course and magnitude of residual inhibition (RI). RI was determined by methods of (a) loudness estimation - where the subject varied the pointer position on a loudness scale (b) loudness balance - where the tinnitus loudness was maintained in loudness balance in the period following masking with a tone of variable intensity presented to the opposite ear. In addition, sensitivity change (temporary threshold shift, TTS) in the tinnitus and masker frequency regions was measured by determining tone thresholds (using a tracking technique) before and after masker presentation. The key findings were as follows: (I) RI depends on masker centre frequency. The frequency producing maximal RI is usually lower than the tinnitus frequency (as determined by pitch matching). (2) In some subjects only narrow-band noise produces RI. (3) RI is proportional to the masker intensity provided the tinnitus is completely masked; little or no RI is produced by a partial masker. (4) For the masker durations used (in the range 10 s to 10 min) RI duration is linearly related to the logarithm of masker duration. (5) A second masker presentation during RI does not potentiate RI. (6) Contralateral masking did not produce RI. (7) maskers producing RI also produce TTS around the tinnitus frequency. (8) The TTS magnitude and the time course of TTS appear to be related to RI.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1983

Normal and clinical haematology in the yak (Bos grunniens).

Haematological examinations have been carried out on 21 clinically normal male and female adult yaks (Bos grunniens). Animals sedated with xylazine had significantly lower red cell counts, haemoglobin levels and packed cell volumes, fewer lymphocytes and higher monocyte counts than those bled while manually restrained. There were few significant sex differences. Several animals had eosinophilia associated with asymptomatic intestinal nematode infection. Haematological reference values were calculated for clinically normal, xylazine sedated and manually restrained yaks. These were used to identify haematological changes in 10 animals with various abnormal clinical signs. It was concluded that blood counts can provide valuable diagnostic information in this species.

Animals↗