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Biomedical subjects

D M Hart

Publications and source records attributed to D M Hart.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Prospective double-blind trial of synthetic steroid (Org OD 14) for preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis.

A double-blind trial of Org OD 14, a synthetic steroid with an unusual endocrine profile, was conducted on 100 postmenopausal women; of these, 63 completed two years' treatment (33 Org OD 14; 30 placebo). A dose of 2.5 mg/day successfully prevented bone loss over two years, whereas a significant reduction in bone mineral content occurred in women taking placebo, the rate being comparable to that in earlier studies (p less than 0.01). At the dosage used (2.5 mg/day) Org OD 14 also significantly reduced the severity of menopausal complaints (flushing, sweating, etc). Vabra aspiration curettage in 20 cases 6-18 months after starting active treatment showed no evidence of endometrial hyperplasia, though weak proliferation of the endometrium was seen in three. Org OD 14 may provide a new approach to hormonal prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women without inducing appreciable endometrial stimulation; the potential value of Org OD 14 in osteoporosis and other post-climacteric complaints warrants further investigation.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1980

Effect of a natural and artificial menopause on serum, urinary and erythrocyte magnesium.

1. Serum, urinary and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were measured in groups of premenopausal, postmenopausal and oophorectomized women. 2. Serum and urinary magnesium were both significantly higher in postmenopausal and oophorectomized women than in the premenopausal group. 3. Oestrogen therapy reduced both serum and urinary magnesium values in oophorectomized women to premenopausal concentrations. 4. Erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were not affected by menstrual status or oestrogen therapy.

Castration↗
PubMed1980

Maternal phenylketonuria: abnormal baby despite low phenylalanine diet during pregnancy.

During a screening programme of 10000 pregnant women by the Guthrie test, a previously unrecognised phenylketonuric woman was detected. A low phenylalanine diet introduced from the 16th week of gestation failed to prevent fetal abnormality and mental retardation. Maternal phenylketonuria requires earlier diagnosis than can be achieved at the initial antenatal clinic visit if its teratogenic effects are to be prevented.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1979

Bone loss during oestriol therapy in postmenopausal women.

In contrast to all other oestrogens examined thus far oestriol hemisuccinate (12 mg/day) did not prevent bone loss in 28 postmenopausal women. The average bone loss, however, was somewhat less than expected from placebo studies, while the bone loss achieved by a group taking 4-6 mg/day was equal to that achieved by previous placebo groups. To be an effective agent for prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis oestriol would have to be prescribed in daily doses considerably in excess of 12 mg.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Bone response to termination of oestrogen treatment.

Forty-three oophorectomised patients were reviewed 8 years after their initial attendance at a research clinic investigating the aetiology and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Fifteen patients who had been treated with an oestrogen did not lose a significant amount of bone during the 8 years of therapy. Patients in the placebo-treated control group initially had bone loss of 2.6% per annum, which later fell to an average of 0.75% per annum. Fourteen patients who had been treated with oestrogen for the first 4 years lost no bone, but on withdrawal of oestrogen their bone mineral content fell over the next 4 years at an average rate of 2.5% per annum. 8 years after their initial attendance there was no significant difference between this group and patients who had received placebo for the full 8 years. The result of this study indicates that long-term prevention of bone loss by oestrogens has important medical, social, economic implications.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1978

Comparative effects of oestrogen and a progestogen on bone loss in postmenopausal women.

1. The value of progestogen therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss was assessed in 30 women, by a preliminary randomized controlled trial of gestronol or mestranol, in comparison with a placebo. 2. When the skeletal response was measured by photon absorptiometry, bone mineral loss was prevented by both the oestrogen and the progestogen. 3. We confirm that mestranol significantly reduced the urinary output of hydroxyproline-containing peptide, but this did not occur during gestronol therapy, suggesting that progestogen has a different action on bone, perhaps stimulating bone formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of ovarian sex steroids on bone mineral status in the oöphorectomized rat and in the human.

The effect of oöphorectomy and hormone replacement therapy after oöphorectomy on bone mineral in the femur and vertebra of the rat has been studied. Oöphorectomy resulted in osteoporosis of the femur but not of the seventh caudal vertebra. The administration of a progestogen (ethynodiol diacetate 9 microgram/day) apparently prevented loss of bone mineral content of the femur. This was due to increased periosteal bone formation and widening of the femur. An oestrogen (mestranol 0.9 microgram/day) had no significant effect on the femoral osteoporosis but increased bone mineral content of the vertebra. Combined therapy with oestrogen and progestogen had no effect on any parameter of bone mineral content. The preliminary human study indicated that a progestogen may also be as effective as an oestrogen in prevention of post-menopausal bone loss. There was no evidence of reduction of bone resorption (as indicated by urinary hydroxyproline output) by the progestogen and therefore it is postulated that a progestogen might retard bone loss in the post-menopausal era by stimulating bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Heartburn in pregnancy.

It is assessed that heartburn with associated oesophagitis is experienced by 45% to 70% of pregnant women. Posture is the most constant associated factor; bile regurgitation through the pylorus is likely to be important in its aetiology but gastric acidity is not. Treatment with alkalis or dilute hydrochloric acid affords some relief in 95% of cases and patient acceptability is the most important factor in choice of preparation. Hiatus hernia is likely to be present in severe cases and rupture of the oseophagus has been reported. Early delivery may be advisable in the interest of the mother.

Antacids↗
PubMed1977

The effect of endogenous oestrogen on plasma and urinary calcium and phosphate in oophorectomized women.

Using a specific radioimmunoassay, significant levels of plasma oestradiol can be detected in the blood of oophorectomized women. In these women the plasma concentration of oestradiol correlates positively with body fat content. Low circulating concentrations of oestradiol are associated with increased values for serum phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, but no significant change in serum calcium. The fasting urinary calcium creatinine ratio is inversely related to circulating plasma oestradiol concentration which also correlates, in a more complex way, with the renal threshold for phosphate (TmPO4/GFR). It is suggested that oestrogen production may be an important factor in determining bone loss in postmenopausal women.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

The placental transfer of propylthiouracil, methimazole and carbimazole.

The placental transfer of 35S-labelled methimazole (MMI), carbimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU) has been examined in the rat in late pregnancy and in patients undergoing therapeutic abortion. Although rapid equilibrium of fetal and maternal serum radioactivity (FS:MS ratio 1:1) occurred after iv administration of 35S-carbimazole or 35S-MMI in rats, a persistent fetal to maternal ratio of less than one was observed after 35S-PTU administration. Results from human studies after a single oral dose indicate that, as in the rat, the placenta appeared to be more permeable to 35S-MMI than to 35S-PTU as shown by the marked difference in fetal serum:maternal serum ratios and amounts accumulated in the fetus. Localization of radioactivity in the human fetal thyroid was also observed after administration of 35S-labelled MMI, carbimazole or PTU.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1976

Long-term prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis by oestrogen. Evidence for an increased bone mass after delayed onset of oestrogen treatment.

Treatment of 63 oophorectomised women with oestrogen for five years prevented the reduction in bone mineral content observed in 57 women treated with a placebo preparation. When onset of therapy was delayed for three to six years there was a highly significant increase in bone mineral content mainly during the first three years of treatment. During the next two years there was no further increase in bone mineral, while the placebo-treated groups continued to lose bone at about 1% per annum. In association with the changes in bone mass, the expected biochemical effects of oestrogen therapy also persisted for at least three years, and were compatible with a prolonged increase in parathyroid activity but a reduction in bone turnover.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Prevention of bone loss following oophorectomy in premenopausal women: a retrospective assessment of the effects of oophorectomy and a prospective controlled trial of the effects of mestranol therapy.

Prospective studies of bone mass in women following oophorectomy for benign conditions were done by the double-blind technique. Skeletal response to treatment was measured by photon absorption densitometry. Untreated patients were found to lose bone mass rapidly during the first two years after oophorectomy. When estrogen replacement was started within two months of oophorectomy, it was found to be effective in preventing subsequent bone tissue loss. Three years following oophorectomy, untreated women who had already lost bone tissue, and who were then started on estrogen replacement, showed a highly significant increase in their bone mass. The women in whom this treatment was delayed for six years did not respond. No untoward effects were noted in these women, perhaps, in part, because they had undergone hysterectomy. Long-term effects of this treatment are now being evaluated.

Adult↗