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Biomedical subjects

D M Collins

Publications and source records attributed to D M Collins.

105 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Bile acid metabolism in mild arteriohepatic dysplasia.

Arteriohepatic dysplasia is a rare congenital syndrome in which attenuated peripheral pulmonary arteries are associated with liver impairment. The earliest indication is usually persistent cholestatic jaundice in the first few months after birth. Although this is invariably associated with pruritus, bile acid kinetic studies have not been reported in such patients. This report describes a girl with a particularly mild form of the syndrome who was never observed to be clinically or biochemically jaundiced. Bile acid studies indicated that there was a defect in bile acid excretion but not in uptake or conjugation.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1980

Serum bile acids and other liver function tests in hepatocellular damage from carbon tetrachloride ingestion.

The deliberate ingestion of carbon tetrachloride by a 48-year-old woman provided an opportunity to study the sequential biochemical changes of a severe but self-limited event of hepatocellular damage. The initial phase of cellular injury characterised by high levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, ferritin and bile acids was followed by a period of partial cholestasis. This was indicated by a marked decrease in secondary bile acids and small rises in alkaline phosphatase and 5' nucleotidase. Improving liver function and regeneration became evident during this period and was associated with abnormal levels of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. A late rise in serum ferritin and alphafetoprotein may represent a non-specific inflammatory reaction.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of enzymic and radioimmunoassay methods for measuring serum bile acids.

Serum bile acids were measured in control subjects and in 23 patients with cirrhosis or cholestasis using an enzymic method which measures total non-sulphated bile acids and 2 commercially available radioimmunoassay methods which measure cholylglycine (CG) and sulpholithocholylglycine (SLCG) respectively. All 3 methods gave abnormal values in patients with cholestasis. In cirrhosis the CG method gave abnormal values more often than the enzymic method. The SLCG method was much less sensitive. Measurement of CG in 2 postprandial samples per patient detected only one patient with normal fasting but abnormal postprandial levels. Analysis of samples by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) showed that the enzymic and CG methods gave a good estimation of total non-sulphated bile acids and cholic acid respectively. Values determined by the SLCG method were much higher than the equivalent GLC values. The CG method is faster than the enzymic method and is less expensive provided sample are analysed in sufficiently large batches.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1979

Serum bile acids and rountine liver function tests in patients with chronic liver disease and cholestasis.

Serum bile acids were measured in 28 patients with established liver disease. The peak serum level after a meal was as sensitive an index of liver disease as a combination of serum bilirubin, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and was more often abnormal than any one of the four tests. Serum bile acid measurements may be of most value in detecting cirrhosis when the activity of disease is minimal.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Guidelines for nonemergency use of parenteral phenytoin products: proceedings of an expert panel consensus process. Panel on Nonemergency Use of Parenteral Phenytoin Products.

This document summarizes the proceedings of an expert panel consensus process addressing the nonemergency use of parenteral phenytoin products for management of seizures in pediatric and adult patients. The algorithm and consensus statements developed by the expert panel emphasize strategies for lowering the probability of adverse events associated with the use of parenteral phenytoin products. Specific patient characteristics are defined to guide administration and monitoring of parenteral phenytoin therapy. The algorithm provides a decision pathway for the selection of the product and the route of administration of phenytoin sodium or fosphenytoin sodium after it has been determined that a parenteral phenytoin product is appropriate. Key factors covered in the algorithm include a list of patient characteristics and considerations necessary to prevent parenteral phenytoin adverse effects during selection of administration route and recommendations for monitoring of parenteral phenytoin therapy once it has been initiated. Situations requiring rapid attainment of high phenytoin concentrations, such as in the management of acute seizures, are not addressed in these guidelines.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethanol challenge alters amino acid neurotransmitter release from frontal cortex of the aged rat.

In two groups of male rats having an average age of either 90 days or two years, guide cannulae for bilateral push-pull perfusion were implanted stereotaxically to rest upon the superficial frontal cerebral cortex. On post-operative recovery, either 1.5 or 3.0 g/kg 20% ethanol (V/V) was given by intragastric gavage to each unrestrained rat. Sequential samples of venous blood were obtained from the tail and analyzed for alcohol levels by gas chromatography. A set of push-pull perfusions of the cortical sites was carried out with an artificial CSF before gavage and at 25, 50 and 150 min after the administration of ethanol. An individual perfusion was continued for 5.0 min at a rate of 25 microliters/min. Using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) each sample of perfusate was then assayed for its content of glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), glutamine (Gln), glycine (Gly), taurine (Tau) and GABA with homoserine used as the internal standard. The results showed that the 3.0 g/kg dose of ethanol resulted in a higher level of blood ethanol in the older animals, which persisted over the 150 min time interval. Further, the 1.5 g/kg dose of ethanol administered to the older rats reduced the cortical activity of Glu and Gln relative to the younger animals. In addition, the 3.0 g/kg dose augmented the cortical efflux of Tau in the aged rats. Neither dose of ethanol affected the efflux of Asp or Gly from the perfused frontal cortex of either the young or old group, nor was the release of GABA detectable under either the control condition or following treatment with ethanol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Buspirone attenuates volitional alcohol intake in the chronically drinking monkey.

Four macaque monkeys which showed excessive preference for ethyl alcohol solutions in a self-selection paradigm were used as subjects. Earlier these animals had been given intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of human cerebrospinal fluid, which produced pharmacologically significant effects on the animals' alcohol consumption. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether the parenteral administration of a new anxiolytic compound, buspirone, would alter the pattern of alcohol drinking already established in the monkey. Initially the maximally selected concentration of alcohol of 12% was determined on the basis of a standard ad lib alcohol-water preference screen. Each monkey was offered 12% alcohol and water for a basal pre-injection period of 4 days. Then, on each of the next three days, either the saline control vehicle or buspirone, 1.25, 5.0 or 20.0 mg/kg, was injected intramuscularly at 930 and 1630 hours. On these days, behavioral observations were recorded before and after buspirone's administration in order to evaluate the latency as well as recovery from the drug's effect. Subsequently, a four-day post-injection, 12% alcohol-water test was conducted. Although the saline control and 1.25 mg/kg dose of buspirone were without effect on alcohol intake, both the 5.0 and 20.0 mg/kg doses of buspirone attenuated significantly the consumption of alcohol by the monkeys. This reduction in terms of absolute g/kg as well as the proportion of alcohol to water ingested was approximately 30-60% of baseline intakes. Following buspirone treatment, the amount of alcohol consumed returned essentially to previously high levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aggression↗