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Biomedical subjects

D M Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to D M Bailey.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Cost and intensity of care in case managers' referrals to psychiatric day programs.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine whether case managers referred clients with different needs to programs with different goals and levels of intensity, and thus with different costs. METHOD: A total of 150 case managers were asked to select one of three day programs--day treatment, clubhouse, or supported employment--for four hypothetical clients described in case vignettes. They also were asked to choose any or all of three types of concurrent services for these clients, including a medication clinic, outpatient counseling, and a social club. They listed the five most important criteria for making their decisions. RESULTS: The 70 case managers who responded to the survey consistently referred the most functionally impaired clients to day treatment programs and recommended fewer support services for those clients. The least impaired clients were referred to clubhouse or supported employment programs, and many support services were recommended. The most important decision-making criteria cited were clients' motivation, problem-solving ability, and history. CONCLUSIONS: Case managers differentially select day programs based on clients' functional ability. Clients referred to vocationally oriented programs are also referred to concurrent services that increase the cost of the total service package.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Technology for adults with multiple impairments: a trilogy of case reports.

Three persons with severe physical and cognitive impairments, residents of a facility for persons with mental retardation, learned to use switch-controlled assistive devices. Previous case reports have described the technology and techniques used to enable these women to explore their surroundings. Material was collected, organized, and analyzed in three sections: clients, powered devices, and treatment approaches. The purpose was to affirm tenets that often provide the basis for treatment when powered activities are used in occupational therapy with adults with severe impairments. Client enthusiasm, responsiveness, and stamina can be predictive of success in using technology. Powered devices can elicit a client's drive for competence, aid therapists in assessing the cognitive level of adults with extreme physical disability, and allow persons with multiple impairments to interact with objects in their environment. When clients learn to use powered devices, success will be self-perpetuating. Persons with multiple impairments using powered devices are well served by conditional clinical reasoning.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1993

Coincidence painting: a rapid method for cloning region specific DNA sequences.

We have developed a novel coincidence cloning strategy, termed Coincidence Painting, which enables the rapid generation of large numbers of region specific sequences. Coincidence Painting utilises Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed PCR (DOP-PCR) amplification of flow sorted derivative translocation chromosomes. The PCR products are hybridised in situ onto specific flow sorted chromosomes for coincident sequence selection. Eluted and reamplified material is then cloned using a novel insert end revelation and ligation technique. Cloned inserts range in size from 150-1300 bps of which approximately 54% appear to be single copy sequences. The cloning method permits the excision of vector free probe for library hybridisation screening and the small insert size facilitates analysis for the generation of sequence tagged sites (STSs). We have used such clones successfully for YAC screening by PCR and for cosmid screening by filter hybridisation. This new methodology should allow the rapid saturation with probes of regions defined by specific translocation breakpoints.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Cloning of the X-linked glycerol kinase deficiency gene and its identification by sequence comparison to the Bacillus subtilis homologue.

cDNA clones from a human adult testis cDNA library were isolated and sequenced as part of a programme to produce expressed sequence tags (ESTs). ESTs were used routinely to search DNA and protein sequence databases. One clone (142) showed 60% identity to the Bacillus subtilis glycerol kinase gene at both the DNA and amino acid sequence levels. Analysis of DNA from somatic cell hybrids carrying deleted X chromosomes, has shown that clone 142 detects homologous sequences between Xp21.2-p22.1 (the interval containing the locus responsible for glycerol kinase deficiency--GKD). These sequences are deleted in two patients with GKD. Clone 142 also detects homologous sequences on Xq and at several autosomal loci. The sequences of clone 142 and two further cDNA clones isolated from a human foetal brain cDNA library are presented.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

T'ai chi and postural control in the well elderly.

In this study, we investigated the potential value of t'ai chi in promoting postural control of the well elderly. T'ai chi, a traditional Chinese exercise, is a series of individual dancelike movements linked together in a continuous, smooth-flowing sequence. Performance on five balance tests of 9 t'ai chi practitioners was compared to that of 9 nonpractitioners. An analysis of variance demonstrated that in three of the tests, the t'ai chi practitioners had significantly better postural control than the sedentary nonpractitioners (p less than .05). It was also found that men performed significantly better than women in both the practitioner and non-practitioner groups on the same three tests (p less than .01).

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The effects of iodixanol and iopamidol on hemodynamic and cardiac electrophysiologic parameters in vitro and in vivo.

Iodixanol is a new, nonionic, dimeric contrast medium which, in concentrations appropriate for radiographic use, is hypotonic with respect to plasma. The purpose of these in vivo and in vitro studies was to compare the effects of iopamidol, iodixanol formulated to isotonicity with sodium salts (sodium formulation), and iodixanol formulated to isotonicity with sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts (cationic formulation) on hemodynamic and electrophysiologic parameters. In vitro, the spontaneous rate of contraction by guinea pig right atrial and force development by right ventricular papillary muscles were evaluated in the presence of 1% to 100% (v/v) of the three contrast media. Iopamidol significantly (P less than .05) decreased the rate of atrial contraction to a greater extent than either formulation of iodixanol. Iopamidol decreased papillary muscle force development more than the sodium formulation of iodixanol (P less than .05). The cationic formulation of iodixanol had little effect (less than 30% change) on papillary muscle force development at concentrations up to 100%. The contrast media were also injected into the left coronary arteries of open-chest, anesthetized dogs at 0.8 mL/second for 5 to 30 seconds. All contrast media increased (P less than .05) systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and peak left ventricular pressure (LVP). Iopamidol increased LVP and LV end diastolic pressure to a greater extent (P less than .05) than the cationic formulation of iodixanol. We conclude that iopamidol affected cardiovascular parameters more than iodixanol.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluating movement for switch use in an adult with severe physical and cognitive impairments.

Miranda's family members are most supportive of the goal for her to have a powered wheelchair and encourage her when they visit. Motivation has been the key to Miranda's success at learning to operate switches in order to explore and learn from her environment. As long as the outcome available from operation of a switch is desirable for Miranda, she works hard at controlling her movements so as to activate it. Conversely, if the ultimate advantage of operating the switch is unclear to her, she is unwilling to make the effort. The occupational therapist's role is crucial, in that she realizes the importance of motivation and consequently designs activities and rewards that are important and meaningful for Miranda. Miranda's life has been considerably enriched by the introduction of mechanical aids into her leisure sphere. She has become more interested in her surroundings and is excited about exploring possibilities for future rewarding activities, such as academics. A notable additional benefit has been that Miranda now displays a more assertive attitude on her own behalf.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Reasons for attrition from occupational therapy.

This study examined the reasons why occupational therapists have left the field of occupational therapy. The purpose of the study was to find ways to prevent attrition and to bring back those who have left the field as a means to address the profession's personnel shortage. Questionnaires from 696 therapists who have left the profession were analyzed. The therapists' most common reasons for leaving were (a) childbearing and child rearing; (b) geographic relocation and subsequent inability to find a job; (c) excessive paperwork; (d) desire for increased salary and promotional opportunities; (e) high caseloads, stress, and burnout; (f) the actual practice of occupational therapy not being what was expected; (g) dissatisfaction with bureaucracy; (h) the chronicity and severity of the clients' illnesses; and (i) an inability to find part-time work. Most therapists who left the profession did not return to practice because they felt professionally out of date and unable to compete with younger therapists.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1990

Ways to retain or reactivate occupational therapists.

The previous paper (Bailey, 1990) reported on the reasons for leaving occupational therapy in a sample of 696 therapists. This follow-up paper discusses the reasons given and suggests ways to retain or reactivate therapists. The issues addressed include child rearing; geographic location; feeling professionally out of date; excessive paperwork; lack of pay and promotional opportunities; returning to school; stress; disillusionment; type of caseloads; illness; desire for more status, autonomy, and challenge; and lack of in-service training and continuing education.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1990

The use of powered leisure and communication devices in a switch training program.

The ability to operate switches in order to communicate more effectively and to control leisure activities has greatly enriched Pam's life. The switches have opened up a world of entertainment that she can enjoy independently. Both her desire and her ability to explore and master her environment have increased--a major thrust of functional independence so important in occupational therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Evaluating the potential for powered mobility.

It has been 5 years since Chris was evaluated for a powered wheelchair, and she has had two occupational therapists and three physical therapists since the evaluation and training process began. It has been a long and arduous process, full of triumphs and setbacks. Chris's level of functional mobility, self-confidence, and ability to socialize, however, have increased dramatically as a result of her perseverance. The powered wheelchair, which she can control herself, has increased her ability to explore her environment and to master the increased activities made available through an expanded environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The in vitro dental plaque inhibitory properties of a series of N-[1-alkyl-4(1H)-pyridinylidene]alkylamines.

A series of novel N-[1-alkyl-4(1H)-pyridinylidene]alkylamine hydrohalides has been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of dental plaque formation, in vitro. Several members of the series exhibited potency ca. 9-fold greater than that of chlorhexidine vs Streptococcus sobrinus 6715-13. The di-n-octyl analogue, 11 (pirtenidine), was found to be highly efficacious against several other oral plaque-forming microorganisms and is presently undergoing preclinical evaluation.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of atracurium and vecuronium during anaesthesia for laparoscopy.

Atracurium 0.3 mg kg-1 and vecuronium 0.06 mg kg-1 were compared directly in a double-blind randomized trial during anaesthesia for laparoscopy in 57 healthy young women. The effects of the drugs were monitored using a portable electromyograph. Both drugs provided adequate intubating conditions at 3 min, and prompt antagonism of paralysis after administration of neostigmine, but recovery was significantly faster with vecuronium (mean time to 20% recovery of control electromyographic response: vecuronium 15.1 min; atracurium 20.6 min (P less than 0.001)). Atracurium caused a higher frequency of clinically observed allergoid reactions (21%) compared with vecuronium (3%).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Synthesis and antidepressant properties of novel 2-substituted 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole derivatives.

A unique combination of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist and serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitory activities has been identified in a series of 2-substituted 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole derivatives. This combination of blocking activities has provided one of these derivatives, napamezole hydrochloride (2), with potential as an antidepressant. A discussion of the syntheses of these compounds includes a convenient method for the conversion of nitriles to imidazolines with ethylenediamine and trimethylaluminum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

3,4-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-1-propanamine antidepressants.

A small series of compounds is described in which a narrow SAR has identified N,N-dimethyl-3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-1-propanamine, 3, as a potential antidepressant with reduced side effects. The isomeric N,N-dimethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-1-propanamine was completely inactive in the primary antidepressant screens. Compounds were synthesized by Michael addition of acrylonitrile to diphenylpyrazole followed by reductive alkylation of the resultant diphenylpyrazolepropionitriles. Compound 3 was equipotent with imipramine in standard antidepressant assays in animals but showed no significant anticholinergic action and did not antagonize the antihypertensive effects of clonidine and guanethidine.

Animals↗