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Biomedical subjects

D M Albert

Publications and source records attributed to D M Albert.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Sixty-five years of sympathetic ophthalmia. A clinicopathologic review of 105 cases (1913--1978).

A retrospective clinicopathologic review of 105 cases of sympathetic ophthalmia showed histologic features of prognostic significance and evaluated the role of therapy. Classic descriptions omit retinal changes, but 58.0% of our cases had retinal detachment and 42.2% showed intraretinal inflammation. The optic nerve and/or meninges were inflamed in 51%. Optic atrophy was seen in 54.4%. Plasma cells are said to be characteristically absent, but 65.0% of steroid-treated and 85.7% of cases before the steroid era showed plasma cell infiltration. Severity of inflammation pathologically correlated with final visual outcome, and corticosteroid therapy changed both the character and severity of inflammation. Early enucleation of the exciting eye after onset of symptoms in the fellow eye was found to improve visual prognosis. Electron microscopy performed on fresh tissue and choroidal cell cultures revealed no viral particles, and viral and mycoplasma cultures all proved negative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Topical therapeutic efficacy of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine and 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine on oral infection with herpes simplex virus in mice.

The therapeutic efficacy of two new antiviral agents, 5-iodo-5'-amino-2', 5'-dideoxyuridine (AIdUrd) and 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (ACV), in the model of mouse lip inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 2 is reported. The effects on development of clinical lesions, viral replication in the inoculated lips, and establishment of latent viral infection in the trigeminal ganglia were observed. The earlier the treatment with AIdUrd and ACV was initiated after inoculation, the better was the chemotherapeutic effect. AIdUrd and ACV treatment, when initiated 48 and 72 hr after inoculation, respectively, showed no chemotherapeutic efficacy. Establishment of viral latent infection in sensory ganglia was significantly prevented only when ACV treatment was initiated very early (1 or 3 hr) after inoculation. The results indicate that both drugs have significant antiviral activity, in part dependent on the time of initiation of therapy, and that ACV is superior to AIdUrd as a topical agent for therapy of herpes simplex virus type 2 infections.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1980

Light stimulation of iris tyrosinase in vivo.

Although exposure of epidermal melanocytes to ultraviolet radiation is known to increase tyrosinace activity, a similar effect has never been demonstrated for the iris. This paper presents evidence that light stimulates tyrosinase activity in iris melanocytes in rabbits. Levels of iris tyrosinase were found to be greater in eyes of rabbits exposed to light for 6 weeks than in eyes of rabbits maintained in darkness. Despite increasing tyrosinase levels, exposure to light produced to no clinically observable change in iris color.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Adenocarcinoma arising from the epithelium of the iris and ciliary body.

Our discussion of adenocarcinomas arising from the ciliary and iris epithelium, based upon a case report and a review of the literature, attempts summarize what little is known about these tumors. In most instances, the tumors arise from previously healthy eyes in middle-aged people. There appears to be no known way to make the diagnosis preoperatively. As long as the tumor has not extended outside the globe at the time of removal, the prognosis is excellent. The morphology of the tumors is virtually identical to those arising from the retinal pigment epithelium, with anaplastic epithelioid cells often forming tubes, cords, and acinuslike structures. In a few cases, tumors with these traits have extended from the globe and have eventually resulted in the death of the patients; one of these cases unquestionably arose from the iris and ciliary body epithelium. Knowledge of these tumors is in a primitive stage, and much clinical and pathological information is needed in order to determine their casue, diagnostic clinical features, and proper treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Heterotransplantation of human choroidal melanoma into the athymic "nude" mouse.

The investigation of the structure and behavior of malignant melanoma of the uveal tract in man has been limited by the lack of a ready source of human tumor and an animal model in which the tumor resembles that in the human choroid. We now report the observation that fresh surgical specimens of human choroidal melanoma can be successfully transplanted into the posterior segment of the "nude" mouse (a homozygous mutant, nu/nu, with a defect in cellular immunity) and can be serially transplanted. This model utilizing human melanoma should be useful for the study of the natural history of this disease, as well as the response to various chemotherapeutic agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Eye malformations in rats: induction by prenatal exposure to nickel carbonyl.

Exposure of pregnant rats to inhalation of nickel carbonyl on days 7 or 8 of gestation frequently causes the progeny to develop ocular anomalies, including anophthalmia and microphthalmia. The incidence of extraocular anomalies is very low. The specificity of nickel carbonyl for induction of ocular anomalies in rats appears to be unique among known teratogenic agents.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

Intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma: a case report and literature review.

A 66-year-old white woman with a confusing spectrum of central nervous system signs and symptoms had a diagnostic enucleation of her blind left eye showing retinal infiltration. Histopathologic examination showed reticulum cell sarcoma involving the retina. The patient died one month later and autopsy revealed diffuse central nervous system reticulum cell sarcoma along with right eye and systemic involvement. A review of the literature indicates intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma to be an apparently uncommon occurrence, although ocular examination may be frequently overlooked.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Long-term observations of proton-irradiated monkey eyes.

Fifteen owl monkeys (30 eyes) that received proton irradiation of discrete areas of the retina and choroid have been observed for 3 1/2 years or more after irradiation. The dose delivered to the retina varied from a single dose of 1,600 to 4,750 proton rads and from 10,250 to 18,250 rads delivered in five fractions over a period of one month. Fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and light and electron microscopy revealed chorioretinal changes at the area of irradiation. The part of the retina adjacent to the chorioretinal scar showed preservation of normal retinal vascular architecture on trypsin digest studies of the retina and on electron microscopic examination, even 1 mm from the edge of the scar. The results of this study suggest that proton beam irradiation may markedly reduce delayed ocular complications, especially radiation retinopathy, which is common to other forms of radiotherapy in the treatment of intraocular tumors.

Animals↗