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Biomedical subjects

D M Albert

Publications and source records attributed to D M Albert.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Does enucleation in the presence of endophthalmitis increase the risk of postoperative meningitis?

The risk of meningitis after enucleation for endophthalmitis has been cited by several authors as a relative contraindication to this procedure. In order to test this theory, we have conducted a review of 165 enucleation and 54 evisceration specimens with a diagnosis of endophthalmitis received from January 1950 through December 1985. This study showed no cases of post-operative central nervous system (CNS) infection. Most patients for whom endophthalmitis was initially suspected received intensive antibiotic therapy. Although cases of post-enucleation meningitis have been reported in the pre-antibiotic era, the authors conclude that the intensive chemotherapeutic treatment of endophthalmitis today has virtually eliminated the risk of post-enucleation CNS infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Characterisation of ocular melanoma with cutaneous melanoma antibodies.

It can be difficult to distinguish between various forms of pale intraocular tumour, and in particular between an amelanotic malignant melanoma, a choroidal haemangioma, and a solitary metastasis. If a monoclonal antibody specific for melanoma could be identified, it might be radiolabelled to provide a scanning technique which could distinguish between an ocular melanoma and a similar lesion. This pilot, in vitro study was undertaken to determine if monoclonal antibody against cutaneous melanoma recognises any antigenic similarity in ocular melanomas. Three cutaneous melanoma MoAbs 225.28S, 376.96S, and 763-24T and a non-specific MoAb HMFG2 were studied. Cell impressions were obtained from fresh ocular malignant melanomas. Standard staining techniques with immunofluorescence were used. MoAb 225.28S, 376.96S, and 763.24T were positive in melanomas with a dominant epithelioid cell type and in those with a dominant spindle cell type. It is concluded that MoAb 225.28S, 376.96S, and 763.24T may be suitable for imaging ocular melanomas after labelling with 123I, 111In, or 99mTc.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Electron microscopy and HLA expression of a new cell line of retinoblastoma.

A new continuous retinoblastoma cell line (Rb 355-7) derived from a nonfamilial unilaterally-affected child was studied morphologically and with regard to HLA expression. The tumor was compared with two older and widely studied cell lines, the Y-79 and WERI-Rb1 strains. The Rb 355-7 line grew in tissue culture in clusters and chains. Its doubling time was calculated to be 4.4 days. In contrast to the Y-79 and WERI-Rb1 cell lines, the Rb 355-7 showed a paucity of HLA expression.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1986

Transmission electron microscopic observations of vitreous abnormalities in retinitis pigmentosa.

Ultrastructural studies of six vitreous biopsy specimens obtained during cataract surgery on patients with retinitis pigmentosa showed four types of cells. These were ocular pigment epithelium, uveal melanocytes, retinal astrocytes, and macrophage-like cells. The fibrous astrocytes displayed plump cell bodies, large nuclei, and numerous intracytoplasmic filaments. The pigment epithelial cells and uveal melanocytes were round to cuboidal and were heavily pigmented. Macrophage-like cells demonstrated round cell bodies, inclusions of glycogen, and long processes extending from the cell membrane. Also identified in the vitreous material were loose pigment granules. In contrast, vitreous from the control group showed occasional macrophages and loose pigment. These findings explained the clinical observation of material within the vitreous of patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A clinically useful method for combining gross and microscopic measurements to select high-risk patients after enucleation for ciliochoroidal melanoma.

An objective and reproducible method was devised for estimating the malignant potential of ciliochoroidal melanomas after enucleation. This method requires only a single, routine microslide from which nucleolar area and largest tumor dimension are measured. Previous studies have shown these measurements to be reproducible and highly correlated with mortality. To demonstrate a practical method for clinical application of these measurements, a Cox statistical model was derived from 200 cases supplied by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. The resulting model, when applied to 340 cases with known outcome from two independent laboratories, allowed subdivision of patients into groups that suffered a six-fold difference in mortality. These results suggest that a central registry, by applying this method to histologic slides from around the world, could provide information useful for the clinical management of patients enucleated for ciliochoroidal melanoma.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

Fluorinated oils as experimental vitreous substitutes.

Two kinds of fluorinated oils (a fluorosilicone oil and a perfluoroether [Freon E15]) that have a higher density than water were evaluated as long-term vitreous substitutes. Vitreous compression using perfluoropropane gas was performed to create a space for the vitreous substitute in rabbit eyes. Two fluorosilicone oils (1000 and 10 000 centistokes) induced edema of the inner retinal layers and occasionally of the outer retinal layers regardless of viscosity or period of observation up to six months, but they were well tolerated clinically. Control eyes injected with silicone oils of comparable viscosities showed similar histopathologic findings. Freon E15 induced formation of bubbles and precipitates by one month after injection, and retinal disorganization, formation of preretinal membranes, and tractional retinal detachment by six months. Thus, Freon E15 proved to be unsuitable, but fluorosilicone oil is a possible high-density vitreous substitute.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ophthalmoscopic and histologic findings in cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with BW-B759U.

Recent reports have suggested a role for BW-B759U in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. The present study presents the ophthalmoscopic features in three treated patients, and examines the microscopic findings in the eyes of the first patient ever treated with BW-B759U for cytomegalovirus retinitis. Ophthalmoscopic findings of improvement on drug therapy included remission of perivascular infiltration, stabilization of the extent of the retinal area involved, and development of a pigmented chorioretinal scar in the involved area. Relapses occurred with cessation of therapy, and repeated courses of therapy were required. One patient developed a rhegmatogenous detachment with retinal breaks in an atrophic area of treated retinitis. Electron microscopic examination of the eyes of one patient disclosed the persistence of cytomegalovirus inclusions in retinal cells despite previous drug therapy. These findings suggest a virostatic action for BW-B759U.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Ocular abnormalities associated with cutaneous melanoma and vitiligolike leukoderma.

Several varieties of ocular pathology are associated with acquired cutaneous hypomelanosis (leukoderma; vitiligo). Our current study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and a specific depigmentary phenomenon, the vitiligolike leukoderma of cutaneous melanoma. Over the past 14 years, eight patients with cutaneous melanoma and widespread areas of hypopigmentation were identified at the Pigmented Lesion Clinic of the Massachusetts General Hospital. The seven patients who underwent ophthalmologic examination had pigment-related ocular abnormalities. Among these were inflammations of the uveal tract in three patients, heterochromia in two, halo nevi of the choroid in one, and hypopigmentation and/or atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium or choroid in four. Our findings demonstrate that ocular disease may be a component in a syndrome consisting also of cutaneous melanoma and vitiligolike leukoderma and suggest the need for complete ophthalmologic examinations in patients with melanoma and leukoderma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A brief history of ophthalmic publications in America.

The recent establishment of a rare book collection as part of the American Academy of Ophthalmology Foundation Museum gives Academy members additional access to an important facet of our ophthalmic heritage. Many 17th and 18th century works, such as those of Cotton Mather and Philip Syng Physick, long remained in manuscript form. Published works on ophthalmology first appeared as chapters in surgical texts. Ophthalmology texts authored by Americans followed the important texts from England and the Continent, and the works of Frick (1823) and Littell (1837) deserve special mention. Other works, including the memoirs of Elisha North, the founder of the first American eye infirmary, and the transcript of the trial of George McClellan following failed cataract surgery, give vivid insights into our country's ophthalmic beginnings.

Books↗
PubMed1986

Tinnitus in childhood.

Ninety-three healthy children attending routine school and community medical examinations were questioned about tinnitus, 27 of them (29%) described tinnitus. Nine children (9.6%) were bothered by their symptom, the others were not. The incidence of tinnitus in this group was compared with that in a group of 109 children with ear disease. Forty-two children (38.5%) in this group reported tinnitus. This difference is not statistically significant. Details of children attending paediatric ENT clinics were recorded by two ENT surgeons. Four hundred and three children were seen during the study period and of these 13 (3%) reported tinnitus spontaneously. All these children had evidence of ear disease at the time of the consultation. The incidence of tinnitus in those members of this group with abnormal ears was significantly higher than in those children with no evidence of ear disease (P = less than 0.02). Tinnitus may be a manifestation of ear disease in children, but may also be described by children with normal ears.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Fibroblast radiosensitivity and intraocular fibrovascular proliferation following radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastoma.

A 5-day-old female patient was found to have large hereditary retinoblastomas in the posterior pole of each eye. The patient received radiation treatment over a 39-day period, with each retina receiving 4600 rad. Two weeks after the complete treatment the tumours had regressed to approximately one-quarter of their original size. By 14 weeks following completion of radiotherapy the patient had developed in each eye extensive iris neovascularisation with progressive closure of the filtration angles, secondary glaucoma, and retinal detachments resulting from fibrovascular proliferation on the retinal surface. Radiosensitivity studies were from separate conjunctival biopsies obtained before and after radiation. These showed a D0 (calculated survival curve parameters, defined in the Methods section) in the exponential growth phase of 110 prior to radiation and a postirradiation exponential growth phase D0 of 70. Karotype studies showed several chromosomal abnormalities following radiotherapy. The clinical course and pathology findings are thought to represent an unusually severe orbital and ocular response to radiation therapy. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that some patients with hereditary retinoblastoma may have a defect in the accumulation repair of x-irradiation induced DNA damage.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1986

The breakdown of polypropylene in the human eye: is it clinically significant?

Polypropylene intracameral sutures and intraocular lens haptics have been reported to develop cracks after varying lengths of time within the eye. A study of the degradation of a 10-0 polypropylene suture and the absence of noticeable degradation on a 4-0 polypropylene intraocular lens haptic removed five years and three months after implantation is presented. The relationship of the molecular orientation of the polypropylene suture to the clinical significance of its cracks is discussed.

Aged↗