Biomedical subjects

D Lu

Publications and source records attributed to D Lu.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Activation of recombinant proenteropeptidase by duodenase.

Duodenase, a serine proteinase from bovine Brunner's (duodenal) glands that was predicted to be a natural activator of enteropeptidase zymogen, cleaves and activates recombinant single-chain bovine proenteropeptidase (kcat/Km = 2700 M(-1) s(-1)). The measured rate of proenteropeptidase cleavage by duodenase was about 70-fold lower compared with the rate of trypsin-mediated cleavage of the zymogen. The role of duodenase is supposed to be the primary activator of proenteropeptidase maintaining a certain level of active enteropeptidase in the duodenum. A new scheme of proteolytic activation cascade of digestive proteases is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2000

The effect of transient balloon occlusion of the mitral valve on left atrial appendage blood flow velocity and spontaneous echo contrast.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) is a phenomenon that is commonly seen in areas of blood stasis. It is a slowly moving, cloud-like swirling pattern of "smoke" or increased echogenicity recorded on echocardiography. SEC is commonly seen in the left atrium of patients with mitral stenosis or atrial fibrillation. The presence of SEC has been shown to be a marker of increased thromboembolic risk. HYPOTHESIS: By using transesophageal echocardiography during percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV), the study investigated the relationship between SEC and varying left atrial appendage (LAA) blood flow velocity in the human heart. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis underwent percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography monitoring. We alternatively measured LAA velocities and observed the left atrium for various grades of SEC (0 = none to 4 = severe) before and after each balloon inflation. RESULTS: Left atrial appendage maximal ejection velocity was reduced from 35 +/- 14 to 6 +/- 2 mm/s at peak balloon inflation and increased to 40 +/- 16 mm/s after balloon deflation. In comparison with the values before balloon inflation and after balloon deflation, LAA velocities were significantly lower (p < 0.001). New or increased SEC grade was observed during 54 of 61 (88%) inflations and unchanged in 7 (12%) inflations at peak balloon inflation. Spontaneous echo contrast became lower in grade after 55 balloon deflations (90%), completely disappeared after 18 deflations (30%), and remained unchanged after 6 deflations (10%). The mean time to achieve maximal SEC grade (2.5 +/- 1.2 s) coincided with the mean time to trough LAA velocities (2.3 +/- 1.1 s) after balloon inflation. Upon deflation, the mean time to lowest SEC grade (2.9 +/- 1.8 s) coincided with mean time to achieve maximal LAA velocities (2.7 +/- 1.6 s). CONCLUSION: During balloon inflation, the severity of SEC was enhanced with corresponding reduction in LAA flow velocity. Upon balloon deflation, SEC lightens or disappears with increase in LAA flow velocity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Multiple origins of Tibetan Y chromosomes.

The genetic origin of Tibetans was investigated using Y chromosome markers. A total of three populations were studied, two from central Tibet speaking central Tibetan and one from Yunnan speaking Kham. Two dominant paternal lineages (>80%) were identified in all three populations with one possibly from central Asia (YAP+) and the other from east Asia (M122C). We conclude that Tibetan Y chromosomes may have been derived from two different gene pools, given the virtual absence of M122C in central Asia and YAP+ in east Asia, with drift an unlikely mechanism accounting for these observations.

Alu Elements↗

PubMed2000

Y chromosome haplotypes reveal prehistorical migrations to the Himalayas.

By using 19 Y chromosome biallelic markers and 3 Y chromosome microsatellite markers, we analyzed the genetic structure of 31 indigenous Sino-Tibetan speaking populations (607 individuals) currently residing in East, Southeast, and South Asia. Our results showed that a T to C mutation at locus M122 is highly prevalent in almost all of the Sino-Tibetan populations, implying a strong genetic affinity among populations in the same language family. Furthermore, the extremely high frequency of H8, a haplotype derived from M122C, in the Sino-Tibetan speaking populations in the Himalayas including Tibet and northeast India indicated a strong bottleneck effect that occurred during a westward and then southward migration of the founding population of Tibeto-Burmans. We, therefore, postulate that the ancient people, who lived in the upper-middle Yellow River basin about 10,000 years ago and developed one of the earliest Neolithic cultures in East Asia, were the ancestors of modern Sino-Tibetan populations.

China↗

PubMed2000

Retrovirally mediated delivery of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antisense in vitro and in vivo.

In spite of excellent drugs that are available for the control of hypertension, the pharmacological approach has major disadvantages including compliance, side effects, and inability to cure the disease. In the present chapter we provide evidence that a gene therapy concept based on the inhibition of the RAS at a genetic level, with the use of an antisense to the AT1R, is an exciting and viable approach for long-term control of hypertension without the disadvantages inherent in pharmaceutical therapy. A retrovirus-based vector has been used to deliver AT1R-AS in Ang II target tissues both in vitro and in vivo. The transduction efficiency is high and leads to the attenuation of Ang II action in vitro and prevention of hypertension in the SH rat, a model for primary human hypertension. These studies have unveiled a new avenue in which a similar approach could be attempted in the reversal of hypertension in adult animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy and malignant lymphoma involving the same lymph node: a report of four cases and review of the literature.

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), also known as Rosai-Dorfman disease, is a disorder of unknown cause. Rarely, patients with SHML also have malignant lymphoma, usually involving anatomic sites different from those involved by SHML We report four patients in whom SHML and malignant lymphoma were identified in the same lymph node biopsy specimen. The SHML in each case was present as a small focus, less than 1 cm. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the abnormal histiocytes were positive for S-100 and negative for CD1a. The malignant lymphomas included two cases of follicular lymphoma and two cases of Hodgkin's disease, nodular lymphocyte predominant type. The presence of SHML in these patients did not impact clinical decisions, and there was no evidence of SHML elsewhere. Thus, the presence of focal SHML associated with malignant lymphoma in these cases was an incidental histologic finding that seems not to have had any clinical significance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Distribution of three HIV-1 resistance-conferring polymorphisms (SDF1-3'A, CCR2-641, and CCR5-delta32) in global populations.

Chemokine receptors (CCR5, CXCR4 and CCR2) have been shown to be important co-receptors for HIV infection. Mutations at CCR5 (CCR5-delta2), CCR2 (CCR2-641), and stromal-derived factor SDF1 (SDF1-3'A), a primary ligand for CXCR4, are known to have protective effects against HIV-1 infection and the onset of AIDS symptoms. We studied the three-locus genotype frequency distributions in 70worldwide populations from a sample of 2341 individuals without any known history of HIV-1 infection and AIDS symptoms. From these data, we estimated the risk of AIDS onset (relative hazard, RH) of each population. This survey shows that the substantial allele frequency differences of each of these mutations translate into an extensive variation in relative hazards for AIDS in worldwide populations. However, no evidence of natural selection against the mutant gene carriers is detected. Finally, the combined three-locus genotype data predict the highest relative hazard (RH) in South-East Asia and Africa where AIDS is known to be more prevalent.

Chemokine CXCL12↗

PubMed2000

Third-frequency-moment sum rule for electronic multilayers

The authors establish the third-frequency-moment sum rules for the density-density reponse matrix of electronic multilayer structures modeled as an array of N parallel two-dimensional (2D) electron-plasma monolayers. Layer densities and spacings between adjacent layers need not be equal. Contact is made with previously established sum rules for the isolated 2D electron liquid and type-1 infinite superlattices. The case of the equal-density bilayer is considered and its third frequency-moment-sum-rules for the in-phase and out-of-phase inverse dielectric functions are formulated.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Quantitative diffusion measurements in focal multiple sclerosis lesions: correlations with appearance on TI-weighted MR images.

OBJECTIVE: Relative hypointensity on T1-weighted MR imaging has been suggested as a putative disability marker. The purpose of our study was to determine if there are quantifiable diffusion differences among focal multiple sclerosis lesions that appear differently on conventional T1-weighted MR images. We hypothesized that markedly hypointense lesions on unenhanced T1-weighted images would have significantly increased diffusion compared with other lesions, and enhancing portions of lesions would have different diffusion compared with nonenhancing lesions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated for 107 lesions identified on T2-weighted images in 16 patients with multiple sclerosis and was compared with the ADC of normal white matter in 16 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Seventy-five nonenhancing lesions (29 isointense, 46 hypointense) and 32 enhancing lesions (6 isointense, 26 hypointense) were categorized on the basis of unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. RESULTS: Hypointense and isointense nonenhancing lesions both showed significantly higher ADC than normal white matter (p < 0.0001). Hypointense nonenhancing lesions showed higher ADC values than isointense nonenhancing lesions (p < 0.0001). Diffusion in enhancing portions of enhancing lesions was decreased when compared with nonenhancing portions. CONCLUSION: Quantitative diffusion data from MR imaging differ among multiple sclerosis lesions that appear different from each other on T1-weighted images. These quantitative diffusion differences imply microstructural differences, which may prove useful in documenting irreversible disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Cytogenetics and clinical studies of hematologic malignancies with 11q23 abnormalities in China].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between 11q23 abnormalities and the clinical, hematologic, prognostic aspects of hematologic malignancies. METHODS: A total of 6000 cases of hematologic malignancies from our hospital and near regions in China were investigated between October 1985 and November 1998. Chromosome preparations were made on bone marrow cells by using direct method and/or unstimulated short-term cultures. Karyotypes were analyzed by R-banding technique and expressed according to ISCN(1995). RESULTS: 11q23 abnormalities were found in 28 of 6000 cases with hematologic malignancies(0.47%). It may be separated into seven cytonetic categories: t(4;11)(q21;q23)(ten cases), t(11;19)(q23;p13)(five cases), t(9;11)(p12;q23)(two cases), t(10;11)(p15;q23)(two cases), t(6;11)(q27;q23) (one case), del(11)(q23)(seven cases), and t(11;?)(q23;?)(one case). The diagnoses included acute myeloid leukemia in 14 cases (M(2a), three; M(4), two; M(5a), one; M(5b), eight), acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) in 10 cases, myelodysplastic syndrome in three cases and malignant histiocytosis in one case. All 10 cases with t(4;11) anomaly were ALL. Follow-up data were available for 22 of them. Their median survival was 113 days. The patients may be grouped according to the presence or absence of additional abnormalities and/or normal karyotype. The median survival was 75 days for five patients with 11q23 anomaly only, 18 days for two patients with 11q23 and additional abnormalities, 135 days for 10 patients with 11q23 anomaly, additional abnormalities and normal karyotype, and 150 days for 5 patients with 11q23 anomaly and normal karyotype. CONCLUSION: 11q23 abnormalities were mainly seen in ALL and acute monocytic leukemia. Their prognosis was very poor. Both additional abnormalities and lack of normal karyotype had adverse effects on the survival of patients. Thus, they represent a unique clinical-cytogenetic association. 11q23 abnormality; hematologic malignancy; acute monocytic leukemia; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; prognosis

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Diffusion measurements in intracranial hematomas: implications for MR imaging of acute stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to analyze the diffusion properties of intracranial hematomas to understand the effects of hematomas on diffusion-weighted MR images of patients with acute stroke and to further our understanding of the evolution of signal intensities of hematomas on conventional MR images. We hypothesized that hematomas containing blood with intact RBC membranes (ie, early hematomas) have restricted diffusion compared with hematomas in which RBC membranes have lysed. METHODS: Seventeen proven intracranial hematomas were studied with conventional and diffusion MR imaging. Hematomas were characterized using conventional images to determine the stage of evolution and their putative biophysical composition, as described in the literature. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements for each putative hematoma constituent (intracellular oxyhemoglobin, intracellular deoxyhemoglobin, intracellular methemoglobin, and extracellular methemoglobin) were compared with each other and with normal white matter. RESULTS: Hematomas showing hemoglobin within intact RBCs by conventional MR criteria (n = 14) showed equivalent ADC values, which were reduced compared with hematomas containing lysed RBCs (P = .0029 to .024). Compared with white matter, hematomas containing lysed RBCs had higher ADC measurements (P = .003), whereas hematomas containing intact RBCs had reduced ADC measurements (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Restricted diffusion is present in early intracranial hematomas in comparison with both late hematomas and normal white matter. Therefore, early hematomas would be displayed as identical to the signal intensity of acute infarction on ADC maps, despite obvious differences on conventional MR images. These data also are consistent with the biochemical composition that has been theorized in the stages of evolving intracranial hematomas and provide further evidence that paramagnetic effects, rather than restriction of water movement, are the dominant cause for their different intensity patterns on conventional MR images.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2000

[In vitro study on transduction of human O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase cDNA into human umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells].

OBJECTIVE: To explore human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells transduced with human O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene increase resistance to 1,3-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-1-Nitrosourea(BCNU). METHODS: The present authors obtained a full length cDNA fragment encoding the human MGMT from a patient with cholelithiasis liver tissue by RT-PCR method and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The fragment was cloned into pGEM-T vector and further subcloned into G1Na retrovirus vector. Then the G1Na-MGMT was transfected into the packaging cell lines GP+E86 and PA317 by LipofectAMINE method; using the medium containing BCNU for cloning selection and ping-ponging supernatant infection between ecotropic producer clone and amphotropic producer clone, the authors obtained high titer amphotropic PA317 producer clone with the highest titer up to 1.6x10(6) CFU/ml. Cord blood CD34(+) cell were transfected repeatedly with supernatant of retrovirus containing human MGMT cDNA under stimulation of hemopoietic growth factors. RESULTS: PCR, RT-PCR, Southern blot, Northern blot, Western blot and MTT analyses showed that MGMT gene had been integrated into the genomic DNA of cord blood CD34(+) cells and expressed efficiently in the transfected cells. The transgene recipient cells conferred 4 folds stronger resistance to BCNU than that of the non-transduced. CONCLUSION: The retrovirus vector-mediated transfer of MGMT drug resistance gene into human cord blood CD34(+) cells and expression could confer the resistance of transgene cells to BCNU toxicity.

Antigens, CD34↗

PubMed2000

[The application of competitive RT-PCR to detect minimal residual disease in patients with 8;21 translocation].

OBJECTIVE: To construct and evaluate the competitive quantitative RT-PCR method for detecting the fusion gene of AML1-ETO in the patients of t(8;21)AML(acute myeloid leukemia). METHODS: The authors used the method of splicing by overlapping extension (SOE) to obtain the competitive DNA fragment, with which they set up the competitive quantitative RT-PCR assay to detect AML1-ETO chimeric genes in the patients of t(8;21) AML. RESULTS: The competitive DNA fragment has been obtained; the sensitive competitive RT-PCR method is developed, which allows the quantitation of the number of AML1-ETO transcriptions in t(8;21)AML patients at different phases. CONCLUSION: The competitive quantitative RT-PCR method, based on SOE, is simple and convenient; t(8;21) AML patients in different survival conditions express AML1-ETO gene quite differently.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21↗

PubMed2000

The effect of transient balloon occlusion of the mitral valve on left atrial appendage blood flow velocity and spontaneous echo contrast: a comparison in sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and left atrial appendage (LAA) blood flow velocity using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) in patients with atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm. METHODS: Thirty-five patients (21 in sinus rhythm and 14 in atrial fibrillation) with rheumatic mitral stenosis underwent PBMV with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography monitoring. We measured LAA blood flow velocities and observed the left atrium for various grades of SEC (from 0 = none to 4 = severe), before and after each balloon inflation. RESULTS: Left atrial appendage maximal emptying velocity (LAA MEV) was reduced from 35 +/- 14 cm/s to 6 +/- 2 cm/s at peak balloon inflation and increased to 40 +/- 16 cm/s after balloon deflation. Comparison of the values before balloon inflation and after balloon deflation showed that LAA velocities were significantly lower (P < 0.001). During balloon inflation, both maximal emptying velocity (MEV) and maximal filling velocity (MFV) were significantly decreased, compared to those before inflation and after balloon deflation (P < 0.01). And both MEV and MFV were significantly higher after balloon deflation relative to those before balloon inflation. Patients with atrial fibrillation had significantly lower MEV and MFV before and during balloon inflation and after balloon deflation than patients with sinus rhythm. At peak balloon inflation, new or increased SEC grades were observed during 54 of 61 (88%) inflations and unchanged during 7 (12%) inflations. SEC grades were reduced after 55 balloon deflations (90%), completely disappeared after 18 deflations (30%) and remained unchanged after 6 deflations (10%). At peak balloon inflation, left atrium spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC) grade 4 was observed during 14 of 27 (93%) inflations in the atrial fibrillation patients, significantly higher than in patients with sinus rhythm (8 of 34, 24%; P < 0.05). LASEC completely disappeared after 16 of 34 deflations (47%) in the patients with sinus rhythm, significantly higher than in the atrial fibrillation patients (2 of 27 deflations; P < 0.01). The mean time to achieve maximal SEC grade (2.5 +/- 1.2 s) correlated with the mean time to trough LAA velocities (2.3 +/- 1.1 s) after balloon inflation. Both the time to lowest LAA velocity and the time to highest LASEC were significantly longer in the patients with sinus rhythm than in the atrial fibrillation patients (2.6 +/- 1.1 s vs 1.7 +/- 1.0 s, P < 0.05 and 2.8 +/- 1.4 s vs 1.9 +/- 1.3 s, P < 0.05, respectively). Upon deflation, the mean time to lowest SEC grade (2.9 +/- 1.8 s) correlated with the mean time to achieve maximal LAA velocities (2.7 +/- 1.6 s). Both intervals are significantly shorter in the patients with sinus rhythm than in the atrial fibrillation patients (2.0 +/- 1.6 s vs 3.5 +/- 1.5 s, P < 0.01 and 2.2 +/- 1.7 s vs 3.6 +/- 1.6 s, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Reducing the blood flow velocity in the human left atrium by balloon occlusion of the mitral valve may enhance SEC, whereas restoring blood flow after balloon deflation would cause enhanced echogenic blood to disappear or decrease in both groups of patients. Patients with atrial fibrillation demonstrate more severe blood stagnation of the left atrial body and appendage during transient balloon inflation at mitral valve orifice and slower recovery from the stagnation, decreasing to a lesser extent after balloon deflation, when compared to patients with sinus rhythm.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Study on the relation between hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy in very old people with neurohormonal factors and ventricular arrhythmias].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relation between hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in very old people (> 80 year) with neuro-hormone factors and ventricular arrhythmias. METHODS: Measurements were made on the heart rate variation, renin (Ren), angiotensin-II (AT-II), aldosterone (Ald), insulin (Ins), Holter and ambulatory blood pressure monitor in 60 cases of 2 groups: 30 with primary hypertension in very old people and LVH (group A); 30 with simple primary hypertension in very old people (group B). RESULTS: (1) There was no significant difference of AT-II and Ren among group A and B (P > 0.05); (2) Ins and Ald value in group A was much higher than group B (P all < 0.01); (3) Very lower frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) and LF/HF (high frequency) in group A were significantly higher than group B (P < 0.01, 0.05, 0.05, respectively); (4) incidence of premature ventricular beats and myocardial ischemia in group A were higher than those in group B. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Sympathetic nerve excitability in group A was greatly increased; (2) Hypertensive LVH were closely associated with Ald and Ins level, but not with AT-II and Ren; (3) There was obvious correction between group A and premature ventricular beats and ischemia.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Chromosome t (4; 11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an analysis of 10 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To characterize morphologically, immunophenotypically, cytogenetically and clinically the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t (4; 11) (q21; q23). METHODS: Ten cases of t (4; 11) ALL were reported. Of them, eight patients were de novo and two relapsed. The patients were treated with combination chemotherapy of DOPL or VP regimen. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed by flow cytometry in seven cases. Cytogenetic analysis was performed using bone marrow cells prepared directly and/or after 24h culture (case 7 using peripheral blood). RHG banding was used for karyotypic analysis. RESULTS: Ten (3.5%) of 285 ALL patients were found to be t (4; 11) ALL. In these 10 patients, increased WBC (> 100 x 10(9)/L) was found in 6 cases. Liver, spleen and/or lymph nodes were involved in all. t (4; 11) was detected as a single abnormality in 5 karyotypes whereas the other 5 showed additional aberration besides t (4; 11). Six patients were CD(19) (+), five were CD(22) (+) and one was HLA-DR (+), CD(5) (+), supporting that most cases of t (4; 11) ALL were B cell origin. Median survival time was 5.5 months in the present series. CONCLUSION: t (4; 11) ALL was a subtype with unique clinical and cytogenetic features, and had a poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Acute myeloid leukemia M2and t (8; 19) (q22; q13)].

OBJECTIVE: Report for the first time of two cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M(2) with t (8; 19) (q22; q13). METHODS: Chromosome specimens were prepared by short-term culture of bone marrow cells and karyotype analyses were carried out using R-and G-banding techniques. Immunophenotyping of the blast cells was analyzed by flow cytometry with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. AML1/ETO fusion gene was tested by "nested" reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Karyotype analyses showed 46, XX, t (8; 19) (q22; q13) [28]/46, XX [2] in case 1 and t (8; 19) (q22; q13), del (9) (q12q22) [23]/46, XY [2] in case 2. In case 2, the blast cells expressed CD(13) (38.8%), CD(33) (31.8%), CD(34) (80.9%), and CD(19) (63.9%) and RT-PCR assay revealed no AML1/ETO fusion gene transcript. CONCLUSION: t (8; 19) (q22; q13) is a variant form of t (8; 21) (q22; q22). Its molecular entity remains to be elucidate.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Relationship between human herpesvirus 6 infection and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenic role of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). METHODS: HHV-6 DNA was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) of 105 ITP patients. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and parvovirus B(19) DNA were also examined in some cases. Platelet-associated antibodies (PAIg) were measured by competitive ELISA in 66 ITP patients. Serum IgG titer to HHV-6 was observed by indirect immunofluorescence assay in 19 ITP patients. RESULTS: (1) HHV-6 DNA positivity was 41.0% for ITP patients, significantly higher than that for control group (P < 0.05). HHV-6 DNA positivity for adult ITP patients, especially adult chronic cases was significantly higher than that for childhood patients (P < 0.025). Positivities for parvovirus B(19) and HCMV DNA were 24.1% and 9.7%, respectively. (2) HHV-6 DNA positivity for patients with abnormal level of PAIgG was significantly higher than that for patients with normal level of PAIgG (P < 0.05). (3) Patients coinfected with HHV-6 and B(19) or HCMV had more severe symptoms or poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION: HHV-6 infection might be associated with excessive PAIgG. Coinfection with HHV-6, B(19) or HCMV may cause more severe symptoms in ITP patients.

Adolescent↗