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Biomedical subjects

D Lombardi

Publications and source records attributed to D Lombardi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Detection of leukotrienes B4, C4 and of their isomers in arterial, mixed venous blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ARDS patients.

Seven patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were studied. As a control group we used 6 surgical patients who underwent minor surgical operation (inguinal hernia). For both groups the same sample collection and analysis was used. The presence of leuktorienes (LTs) B4 and C4 and of their isomers 11-trans LTC4 and delta 6-trans-12-epi LTB4 was determined in arterial, mixed venous blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The samples, analysed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), showed a similar chromatographic picture among ARDS patients, while the control group showed no detectable amounts of LTs in BAL or blood. The distribution of these arachidonic acid metabolites in mixed venous blood, arterial blood and BAL seems to suggest pulmonary metabolism and/or inactivation. It is suggested that these mediators act as humoral factors in pathogenesis of the ARDS.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lipid peroxidation and Na+,K(+)-ATPase in different rat brain areas.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was produced in Sprague Dawley rats by injection of 0.30 mL of autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna. Tissue lipid peroxide, quantified as thiobarbituric acid reactive material (TBAR), and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity were assayed in three different rat brain areas (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and brain stem) of sham-operated rats and in four hemorrhagic rat groups at 30 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 2 d after SAH. Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity decreased in the cerebral cortex at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h and in the brain stem at 1 h after SAH induction, whereas enzymatic activity was unchanged in the hippocampus. There was no evident difference in lipid peroxide content between sham-operated animals and hemorrhagic animals. These results indicate that little modifications in lipid peroxidative process (as expressed in TBAR) are not responsible for changes in the ATPase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Phosphatases and cathepsin D activities after vasogenic oedema: an experimental study.

The role of two phosphatases (acid and alkaline phosphatase) and a lysosomal aspartyl endopeptidase (cathepsin D) in producing rat brain oedema was studied in 3 different rat cerebral areas (i.e. frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum) at 1, 2 and 3 d after vasogenic brain oedema induction. The percentage of water content in the frontal cortex increased immediately, 1 d after oedema induction and remained high for 2 and 3 d after oedema induction. In the hippocampus and the striatum the water content only increases 3 d after oedema induction. In the oedematous hemisphere (right), when compared to the contralateral hemisphere (left), the acid phosphatase activity decreases in the hippocampus, while the alkaline phosphatase increases in the frontal cortex and striatum; cathepsin D increases only in the striatum. The changes caused by the enzymatic activities were significant only 2 and 3 d after oedema induction. The results of this study show that: (i) the vasogenic oedema induced in experimental conditions was not sufficient to cause a massive liberation of lysosomal enzymes and (ii) brain areas adjacent (below) to the site of the experimental oedematous lesion (frontal cortex) were influenced by oedema induction.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Ganglioside expression in human pancreatic islets.

Recent biochemical studies have shown that the cytoplasmic islet cell-antibody autoantigen has properties of a monosialoganglioside (GM). To characterize islet glycolipids and ascertain whether islets express unique gangliosides, we determined the pattern of ganglioside expression in whole human pancreas and isolated human islets using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The major gangliosides detected in glycolipid extracts of whole human pancreas were GM3, GD3 (disialoganglioside), and in a lesser amount, a GD1a-comigrating ganglioside. In contrast to whole human pancreas, isolated human islets were found to predominantly express GM3, an acidic glycolipid comigrating with GM2, and a ganglioside with mobility between GM2 and GM1 by both HPLC and HPTLC. Quantitation of the major ganglioside UV peaks seen on HPLC gave the following results. In whole pancreas, GM3 represented 66.7% of total gangliosides detected; an asialoglycolipid comigrating with GM2, 2.0%; a ganglioside migrating between GM2 and GM1, 2.6%; GD3, 22.6%; and a GD1a-comigrating ganglioside, 6.1%. In isolated islets, these components were found at the following levels: GM3, 14.9%; GM2-comigrating glycolipid, 74.2%; a ganglioside migrating between GM2 and GM1, 9.8%; GD3, 1.1%; and the GD1a-comigrating ganglioside, not detectable.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

The adjuvant treatment of ovarian cancer: result of the pilot study of a new combination chemotherapeutic regimen (DAC).

Twenty-three previously untreated ovarian cancer patients were treated, from January 1986 to March 1987, with combination chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and cytarabine (DAC regimen). All patients had advanced disease, which included 18 stage III and 5 stage IV patients. Sixteen patients had serous, 6 undifferentiated and 1 mixed histotype. Surgery consisting of total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, partial omentectomy and appendicectomy was performed in only 11/23 patients. Seventeen patients had bulky disease when the treatment was started. Four courses of chemotherapy were initially administered to all patients; second look laparotomy was performed in patients with no clinically measurable disease or with presumable entirely resectable tumor. Vomiting was the major side effect of chemotherapy: myelotoxicity was mild and in only one patient permanent renal damage occurred. A total of 14 objective clinical responses (73.7%) were observed, of which 9 were complete (47.4%). Six clinical complete remissions (37.5%) occurred in the group of patients with bulky disease. At second-look laparotomy six patients were found disease free (26%), 4 of whom originally had bulky disease (25%). Short-term DAC regimen seems to be a very effective treatment, with acceptable toxicity, in patients with ovarian cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1986

Enhanced thermal stability of lysosomal beta-D-galactosidase in parenchymal cells of tumour bearing mice.

The thermal stability of the enzyme beta-D-galactosidase varies among different organs in normal C57Bl/6 mice, and increases in the same organs in mice with Lewis Lung carcinoma. Thermal stability of this enzyme is also increased by treatment of the mice with cell-free extracts of tumour cells or with inflammatory compounds such as carrageenan or orosomucoid. After desialylation, orosomucoid more effectively increases the heat stability of the enzyme. By contrast talc, which has no galactosyl groups, is without effect on the stability of the enzyme in vivo. Macrophages of tumour bearing mice release into the culture medium a more heat resistant enzyme than macrophages from control mice. In both cases the heat resistance of the secreted enzyme is higher when fetal calf serum is present in the culture medium. Bovine serum does not modify the thermal stability of beta-D-galactosidase in this system. Incubation of lysosomal fractions of various organs with the synthetic beta-D-galactosidase substrate, p-nitrophenyl-galactopyranoside, also strongly increases the heat resistance of the enzyme. The results suggest that one factor influencing the heat resistance of this enzyme may be complex formation between the enzyme and its substrates, an example of substrate protection of the enzyme. This may not be the only factor involved in enzyme stabilization in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Reactivation of NAD(H) biosynthetic pathway by exogenous NAD+ in Nil cells severely depleted of NAD(H).

The culture of Nil hamster fibroblasts in MEM lacking nicotinamide (NAm-MEM) leads to: (1) the rapid loss of intracellular total nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) content in these cells from a level of 150-200 pmoles/10(5) cells to less than 20 pmoles/10(5) cells; (2) the cessation of cell division and inhibition of DNA synthesis; and (3) a reduction of glucose consumption and lactic acid production. In most situations, following nicotinamide starvation, the restoration of intracellular NAD(H) follows rapidly the readdition of NAD+ (oxidized), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide, or nicotinic acid. Resumption of cell division occurs after only a lag of about 24 hours. Nil cells subcultured for three consecutive times in the absence of nicotinamide (3(0) NAm- cells) exhibit different behavior. These severely starved cells are incapable of quickly restoring their intracellular NAD(H) content to normal levels when provided with any pyridine ring compound except NAD+. One-hour exposure of such cells to NAD+ allows utilization of nicotinamide to rapidly restore intracellular NAD(H). This short incubation with NAD+ does not result in any significant restoration of intracellular NAD(H) or lead to the accumulation of an intracellular pool of some precursor. This function of NAD+ as a stimulatory signal to the NAD(H)-biosynthetic pathway in severely starved Nil cells is a previously unreported role of NAD+, and does not require protein synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Organization of actin cytoskeleton in normal and regenerating arterial endothelial cells.

The distribution of actin stress fibers in normal and regenerating (after endothelial denudation by means of a balloon catheter) rabbit aortic endothelial cells has been studied by means of immunofluorescence with human actin autoantibodies on en face endothelial cell preparations. Our results show that: (i) under normal conditions actin is accumulated as a network at the periphery of endothelial cells. Stress fibers are present only in endothelial cells located immediately below intercostal artery branches; (ii) stress fibers develop in endothelial cells early during regeneration and persist after the end of endothelial mitotic and motile activities; and (iii) the orientation of stress fibers within the cytoplasm follows the direction of blood flow, with the exception of stress fibers situated in cells at the edge of the wound, when endothelial cell progression toward the denuded area as well as mitotic activity have ceased. We conclude that stress fibers are an organelle present in endothelial cells in vivo and that they reorganize during endothelial cell adaptation to unfavorable or pathological situations.

Actins↗
PubMed1983

Screening for cytogenetic polymorphisms in a random sample of liveborn infants from Italian population.

The frequency of major and minor chromosome variants is studied in a random sample of newborns in Central Italy. Special attention is paid to the objective criteria used to evaluate minor variants. In our sample, the frequency of acrocentric chromosome variants is found to be unusually high compared with previous studies. Also, the distribution of C-band sizes differs from that reported for other populations, while the frequency of major chromosome variants is found to be the same.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1979

[Not Available].

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Economics, Medical↗
PubMed1978

[Critical considerations on paradoxical gangrene after sympathetic denervation].

Examination of numerous cases of lumbar gangionectomy has shown that paradoxical gangrene forms a particular complication, the origin of which has been discussed at length. It is felt that haemodynamic changes induced by the operation are predisposing factors, while personal experience suggests that thrombosis is responsible for the underlying acute vascular insufficiency in the immediate postoperative period. Evidence for this view is presented in the form of a case of iliac thrombosis following gangionectomy, in which disobstruction was necessary.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗