Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Lewis.
Thinking is often taken for granted. But many people, including nurses, find that thinking and decision making are not the easiest of tasks. This article describes several ways of looking at thinking and outlines an easy-to-use technique that can help to improve the clarity and effectiveness of the way nurses think.
The newest wellness programs have become savvy about success. They deliberately link health promotion with health benefits, a strategy sure to enhance their image and their impact.
More than 100 samples of blue-green algae products (consisting of Aphanizomenon, Spirulina, and unidentified blue-green algae) in the form of pills, capsules, and powders were collected from retail outlets from across Canada. The samples were extracted with 75% methanol in water and centrifuged to remove solids. Aliquots of the extracts along with spiked blank sample extracts were sent to each participating laboratory and independently analyzed for microcystins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), protein phosphatase inhibition assay, and by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after sample cleanup using C18 solid-phase extraction. The results obtained by ELISA and LC-MS/MS agreed very well over a concentration range of about 0.5-35 microg/g. The colorimetric phosphatase results generally agreed with the other 2 methods. While the 2 biochemical assays measured total microcystin content compared with a standard of microcystin LR, the LC-MS/MS method measured specific microcystins (LA, LR, RR, YR) using external standards of these for identification and quantitation. Microcystin LR was found in all positive samples by LC-MS/MS. Microcystin LA was the only other microcystin found in the samples analyzed. These 2 microcystins represent essentially all the microcystins that were present in the extracts. Otherwise, the LC-MS/MS results would have been significantly lower than the results of the biochemical assays had other unknown microcystins been present.
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Previous studies suggest that continuous or intermittent cimetidine infusion provides a stable and sustained therapeutic blood concentration that maintains a gastric pH greater than 4.0. Twenty-seven patients receiving cimetidine were randomized to one of five treatments. Groups 1 and 2 were given cimetidine intermittently, whereas Groups 3, 4, and 5 received the drug continuously via a total parenteral nutrient (TPN) admixture. Group 1 was given 300 mg every 8 hours, and Group 2 received 300 mg every six hours. Groups 3, 4, and 5 received 600, 900, and 1200 mg per day, respectively, as a continuous infusion in the TPN admixture. Forty-eight individually prescribed TPN admixtures were used to deliver cimetidine continuously; 23 were composed of amino acids and glucose as base nutrients, whereas 25 contained amino acids, glucose, and lipids (3-in-1 or total nutrient admixtures). Serum levels of cimetidine were measured six times in 40 h (Group 1) or 42 h (Group 2-5). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences in the serum cimetidine concentrations between groups (p less than 0.0001), but not with respect to time interval (p = 0.8687). No significant differences were noted in mean serum cimetidine concentrations between Groups 2 and 3, despite employing half the total dose in Group 3. Equivalent daily dosages were then stratified as the percentage of subtherapeutic (less than 500 ng/ml), therapeutic (500-1250 ng/ml), and supratherapeutic (greater than 1250 ng/ml) values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] was determined by hydrolysis to 2,6-diethylaniline with 6N HCl and quantitation of the heptafluorobutyryl derivative by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. 2,6-Diethylaniline was isolated from the hydrolysate by steam distillation, derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride, and the derivative was purified by chromatography on silicic acid with 60% toluene in hexane as eluant. Recoveries from potatoes, soybeans, and corn spiked at levels from 3 to 26 ppb averaged 81, 90, and 96% respectively.
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Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies with recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) following a single intravenous injection of 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg in male rats demonstrated that clearance and steady-state volume of distribution increased at the 1.0 mg/kg dose, whereas the mean exit time from the serum remained unchanged. To characterize the molecular form of 125I-rhDNase in serum, rats were intravenously injected with approximately 300 microCi (5 micrograms)/kg 125I-rhDNase or approximately 300 microCi (5 micrograms)/kg 125I-rhDNase with 1 mg/kg unlabeled rhDNase, and blood samples were taken at 2 min. Urine was collected from one rat in each group from 0-6 and 6-24 hr after injection. Serum samples were analyzed by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and native PAGE; urine samples were analyzed by size exclusion HPLC. Native PAGE results indicate that there is a protein present in the serum that binds rhDNase specifically. The presence of excess unlabeled rhDNase decreases the 125I-rhDNase-binding protein complex level relative to free 125I-rhDNase. In contrast, a high-molecular weight peak of radioactivity was seen after size exclusion HPLC of the urine from the animal that received 125I-rhDNase with unlabeled rhDNase rather than the animal that received 125I-rhDNase alone. In addition to its effects on disposition, a specific serum binding protein for rhDNase may play a role in modulating the bioactivity of circulating rhDNase.
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This article describes a study conducted to determine nursing faculty concerns about the use of computer technology. Study participants answered a standardized questionnaire (Stages of Concern) designed to measure concern about innovation adoption, and an author-developed survey, which included questions on level of technology use. The questionnaire and survey were given to nursing faculty before and after their participation in a series of computer technology and literacy workshops. Initially, most workshop participants were low-level computer users whose concerns about technology decreased after the workshops. Some workshop participants also experienced a statistically significant increase in their comfort levels in the use of computer applications. Results support the Stages of Concern questionnaire as a tool to monitor the technology integration process and to guide ongoing faculty development efforts.
This article describes strategies for the integration of computer technology in a university-based school of nursing. Faculty concerns related to use of computer technology were assessed in a previous study. A series of computer technology and literacy workshops were developed based on this assessment. Computer use increased and faculty concerns about technology decreased after workshop participation. Other strategies to integrate computer technology include developing an informatics committee and planning and initiating a technology infrastructure consisting of hardware and software resources, and a local area network. Strategic planning was initiated placing increasing emphasis on curriculum integration of computer technology and nursing informatics.