Sixth cranial nerve palsy complicating psittacosis.
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Abducens Nerve↗
Biomedical subjects
D Lewis
Publications and source records attributed to D Lewis.
Abnormalities of immunoregulation in Kawasaki syndrome.
The object of our investigation was to determine the immunoregulatory abnormalities in 48 children with Kawasaki syndrome. We demonstrated a global lymphocytosis with marked expansion of the B cell subset. Despite an increase in B cell numbers, there was a decrease in in vitro immunoglobulin production in response to pokeweed mitogen and hydrocortisone stimulation. These abnormalities correlated with a marked increase in the percentage of CD4+2H4+ (CD4+CD45R+) T cells, a T cell subset thought to be responsible for inducing suppression. Other abnormalities of T cells include cutaneous and in vitro anergy and evidence of T cell activation. Our results suggest that the B cell abnormalities seen in Kawasaki syndrome may be partially explained by defects in T cell immunoregulation.
Antigens, Differentiation↗
Removal of viruses in sewage treatment: assessment of feasibility.
The feasibility of enteric virus removal during sewage treatment is addressed as the reasonableness of removal expectations based upon the purpose to be served and the treatment to be used. Feasibility is considered to be three-dimensional, with technical, economic and societal facets.
Environmental Microbiology↗
A potpourri of pesticide poisonings in Alberta in 1987.
Several instances of what turned out to be pesticide and herbicide poisonings were investigated by us in 1987. They did not all occur in Alberta; some were referred. In addition, this laboratory did not investigate all pesticide incidents referred to Alberta Agriculture, as another laboratory is normally involved when pesticides are suspected from the outset. Perfunctory case histories are given along with brief analytical methodology for our use of GC/MS as an investigative tool in toxicological examinations. Four cases of carbofuran poisonings, 6 of lindane (sometimes in conjunction with other poisons), and 1 each of picloram, phorate, chlordane and avitrol are reported. Linuron was also found on trees dying in a tree nursery.
Alberta↗
Treatment of hairy cell leukaemia with recombinant alpha-interferon.
Of 10 patients with hairy cell leukaemia treated with 3 mU recombinant alpha-interferon daily, 9 showed clinical haematological response--including 2 patients who achieved complete remission. Unmaintained responses have continued for as long as 18+ months after completion of therapy. There was no significant toxicity associated with this treatment schedule.
Adult↗
The existence of an optimal range of cytosolic free calcium for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat adipocytes.
We have examined the effects of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations upon basal and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake in isolated rat adipocytes. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were significantly reduced. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport was optimal at 1 and 2 mM Ca2+. Further increases in extracellular Ca2+ concentration (3 mM) significantly diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. When intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were augmented by ionomycin (1 microM), insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was significantly reduced at extracellular Ca2+ concentrations of 2 and 3 mM. The levels of intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations were then measured with Ca2+ indicator fura-2. The correlation between the levels of intracellular free Ca2+ and the magnitude of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake revealed that the optimal effect of insulin is observed at Ca2+ levels between 140 and 370 nM. At both extremes outside of this window, both low and high levels of intracellular Ca2+ result in diminished cellular responsiveness to insulin. These data suggest that intracellular calcium concentrations may exert a dual role in the regulation of cellular sensitivity to insulin. First, there must exist a minimal concentration of intracellular calcium to promote insulin action. Second, increased levels of intracellular calcium may provide a critical signal for diminution of insulin action.
Adipose Tissue↗
Cellular catabolism of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. Identification and characterization of a novel high affinity uptake system on rat hepatocytes.
The uptake, internalization, and intracellular degradation of 125I-labeled recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) by isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated. Incubation at 37 degrees C resulted in internalization of 125I-rt-PA, followed by the appearance of labeled trichloroacetic acid-soluble material in the incubation media due to degradation of rt-PA. Degradation of rt-PA was inhibited by the presence of NH4Cl (10 mM) or chloroquine (1 mM) (lysosomal tropic agents) in the incubation media. This suggests that rt-PA degradation occurs intracellularly, perhaps within the lysosomes. 125I-rt-PA was taken up by rat hepatocytes through a specific, high affinity mechanism with half-maximal uptake at 10 nM. Uptake of 125I-rt-PA was not inhibited by glycopeptides isolated from rt-PA nor by several other glycoproteins known to be cleared by identified hepatic receptors. These results suggest that the uptake of rt-PA by rat hepatocytes involves a receptor specific for t-PA and is not mediated by a carbohydrate-specific receptor.
Animals↗
Phaeochromocytoma: report of three cases.
The diagnosis and investigation of phaeochromocytoma was reviewed in three patients presenting to the paediatric renal centre with malignant hypertension. The initial diagnosis was made using urinary 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (VMA) and plasma adrenaline and non-adrenaline estimations. Our experience of the localization of phaeochromocytoma with ultrasound, 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and venous sampling was discussed and we have reappraised our approach to the localization of these tumours.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
Rat cortical morphology following crowded-enriched living conditions.
This experiment studied cerebral cortical morphology in rats living in a crowded-enriched condition. Three groups of 60-day-old, male Long-Evans rats were divided accordingly: 12 rats, 3 per small cage (32 X 20 X 20 cm), standard colony condition; 12 rats in a single, large, enrichment cage with "toys" (70 X 70 X 45 cm), enriched condition; and 36 rats in a large, single, enrichment cage with "toys", crowded-enriched condition. Matched toys for the two enriched cages were changed twice a week at the time of cage cleaning. Measurements on 20-micron, transverse brain sections showed that in both the crowded-enriched and enriched groups the thickness of the medial occipital cortex increased by 4 to 6% compared with the cortex from animals in the standard colony condition. In addition, the crowded-enriched group demonstrated a 4% (P less than 0.05) increase in thickness in area 39 in the left hemisphere compared with the standard control. However, the thickness in area 39 in the crowded group was not significantly different from that of the enriched area 39. These results indicate that the cortex increases in thickness as much with "crowding" and enrichment as with enrichment alone. We hypothesize that diversion through interaction with "toys" mitigates the stress of crowded conditions.
Animals↗
Studies on the pathogenesis of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).
Sixty Mongolian gerbils were infected with 1500 T. colubriformis larvae. During the experiment, the animals were weighed regularly and faeces were examined for parasite eggs. Groups of 5 gerbils were necropsied at intervals throughout the experiment (60 days) and worm burdens, serum protein concentrations and packed cell volumes were ascertained. It was found that gerbils infected with T. colubriformis showed inappetence and loss in body weight. A modest hypoalbuminaemia also developed but there was no evidence of alterations in packed cell volumes in the infected animals. The results indicated that the pathogenic effects of T. colubriformis in the gerbil were similar to those observed in sheep, one of the natural hosts for this parasite. The conclusion was drawn that the Mongolian gerbil is a suitable laboratory host for T. colubriformis and is superior to other small animal hosts previously described.
Animals↗
Effects of metaproterenol on pulmonary mechanics, oxygenation, and ventilation in infants with chronic lung disease.
Changes in pulmonary resistance, dynamic compliance, tidal volume, and transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 after nebulized administration of metaproterenol were evaluated in eight newborn infants (birth weight 650 to 1060 g, gestational age 25 to 28 weeks) with chronic lung disease receiving mechanical ventilation. The infants were monitored continuously before and for 15 minutes after nebulization of metaproterenol during 3 consecutive days at mean age 34 days. There were significant increases in compliance, tidal volume, and tcPO2, and significant decreases in pulmonary resistance and tcPCO2. These data show that bronchospasm contributes significantly to the high pulmonary resistance in preterm infants with chronic lung disease and that metaproterenol is beneficial in the therapy of infants with chronic lung disease requiring mechanical ventilation.
Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous↗
Diagnosis of dementia in cancer patients. Cognitive impairment in these patients can go unrecognized.
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Adolescent↗
Inflammatory acquired oral hyperpigmentation: association with melanophages demonstrating phenotypic characteristics of antigen presenting cells and activated monocytes.
A case of a 30-year-old black woman who developed acute, extensive intraoral hyperpigmentation is reported. Its relationship to previously described entities is discussed. The condition was associated with the presence of melanophages both in the submucosa and in the oral epithelium. The melanophages displayed phenotypic markers of a population of intraepidermal melanophages previously described as potent T cell-activating, antigen presenting cells (T6- DR+ OKM5+ OKM1-) and of activated monocytes (Mo3e+), as well as other monocyte-macrophage markers (Mono 1 and My7). The distinct phenotype of these melanophages suggests that they could play an active role in the promotion of inflammatory disease.
Adult↗
The pathogenesis of benzimidazole-resistant and benzimidazole-susceptible strains of Trichostrongylus colubriformis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
Mongolian gerbils were infected with either a benzimidazole-susceptible or a benzimidazole-resistant strain of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae. The comparative pathogenesis of both strains of T. colubriformis was investigated for 50 days post-infection. The gerbils infected with the drug-susceptible strain of the parasite showed lower survival rates, reduced body weights, higher parasite egg output and higher worm burdens than animals infected with the drug-resistant strain of parasite. There was also evidence of an enhanced hypoalbuminaemia and a more marked gastrointestinal plasma leak in the gerbils infected with the drug-susceptible strain of parasite. Scanning electron microscope examination of the small intestine showed signs of villus atrophy in both groups of infected gerbils.
Animals↗
Deletional rearrangement in the human T-cell receptor alpha-chain locus.
The antigen-specific receptor on the surface of mature T lymphocytes is a heterodimer consisting of polypeptides termed alpha and beta. In the course of characterizing human T-cell tumors with an immature (CD4-, CD8-) surface phenotype, we detected a 2-kilobase alpha-related transcript. Analysis of cDNA clones corresponding to this transcript established that a genetic element (which we call TEA, for "T early alpha") located between the alpha-chain variable- and joining-region genes had been spliced to the alpha constant region. The TEA transcript is present early in thymocyte ontogeny, and its expression declines during T-cell maturation. More important, the TEA area functions as an active site for rearrangement within the alpha gene locus. Blot hybridization of restriction enzyme-digested DNA with a TEA probe revealed a narrowly limited pattern of rearrangement in polyclonal thymic DNA, surprisingly different from the pattern expected for the mature alpha gene with its complex diversity. These DNA blots also showed that TEA is generally present in the germ-line configuration in cells expressing the gamma delta heterodimeric receptor and is deleted from mature (alpha beta-expressing) T-lymphocyte tumors and lines. Moreover, the TEA transcript lacked a long open reading frame for protein but instead possessed multiple copies of a repetitive element resembling those utilized in the heavy-chain class switch of the immunoglobulin genes. The temporal nature of the rearrangements and expression detected by TEA suggests that this recombination could mediate a transition between immature (gamma delta-expressing) T cells and mature (alpha beta-expressing) T cells.
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
Metabolic effects of hyperbaric oxygen in postischemic muscle.
In traumatic injuries to the extremities, with a circulatory insufficiency, the resultant ischemia leads to decreasing levels of the energy-rich compounds adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) and increasing levels of lactate in muscle. A tourniquet model for temporary ischemia was used to determine if hyperbaric oxygen treatment could enhance the cellular metabolic restitution when the circulation was restored. The circulation of the rat hindlimb was interrupted for 1.5 and 3 hours. After 1.5 hours of ischemia, the levels of adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, and lactate were restored to normal in muscle biopsies taken 5 hours after the ischemia. After 3 hours of ischemia, there were marked reductions of adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine and elevated lactate values in the postischemic muscle, indicating severe ischemic damage. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment at 2.5 atm for 45 minutes reduced these changes significantly. A certain number of hyperbaric oxygen treatments were necessary to maintain this effect. It is concluded that repeated hyperbaric oxygen treatments in the postischemic phase stimulate aerobic metabolism.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
A rapid analysis of water for anatoxin a, the unstable toxic alkaloid from Anabaena flos-aquae, the stable non-toxic alkaloids left after bioreduction and a related amine which may be nature's precursor to anatoxin a.
Poisoning of animals by Anabaena Flos-Aquae alkaloid is a common, but sporadic event (1). Anatoxin A is the toxic principle responsible for acute fatalities (2), and tends to disappear along with the toxicity within a few days of the event, thus complicating diagnosis. This report reveals our simplified analytical methodology for Anatoxin A (2-acetyl-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1] non-2,3-ene), for the non-toxic compounds into which it bioreduces, the chair and boat forms of 2-acetyl-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1] nonane, and for an as yet uncharacterized amine C10H15N.
Acetylation↗
Case for diagnosis. AIDS.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗