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Biomedical subjects

D Lester

Publications and source records attributed to D Lester.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraventricular ethanol and ethanol intake: a behavioral and radiographic study.

Ethanol (10% w/v) was infused intraventricularly at a rate of 11 mul/hr, delivered over 50 sec every 10 min for 10 days into 5 Sprague-Dawley and 5 Wistar rats. Thereafter, preference testing with ascending concentrations of alcohol solutions vs . water vs. food gave no significant differences between treated and sham-operated controls, in contradiction to previously reported increases in alcohol consumption. Ethanol's rate of elimination from the ventricle and its pattern of diffusion into the brain were determined using radioactive ethanol: elimination from the brain is rapid with a half-like of 24 to 35 sec, and the amount diffused throughtout the brain small, with a maximal concentration in any one section of 0.004% (such a concentration is at least 20 times less than would result from a moderately intoxicating parenteral dose of ethanol). The character of the elimination and the lack of effect on alcohol intake found here indicate that intraventricularly administered ethanol is a technique with no usefulness in elucidating the processes affecting alcohol addiction.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethanol-induced mouse strain differences in locomotor activity.

C57BL/6J mice showed dose dependent devreases in locomotor activity with increasing IP doses of ethanol (0.0, 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25 g/kg), while BALB/cJ mice showed dose dependent increases in activity; both strains were equally active with saline. Whether this finding represents decreased CNS responsivity in C57BL mice to ethanol's excitatory effect or increased response to its depressant action at sub-hypnotic doses is unclear, since anesthetic doses produce anesthesia of far shorter duration in the C57BL strain than in the BALB strain. It is possible that the biphasic action of alcohol is under the control of separate and distinct mechanisms, rather than a common one, and that these two mechanisms are differentially affected by alcohol. Endogenous as well as ethanol-induced neurochemical differences in biogenic amines may also be correlated with the gentic variation in CNS responsivity towards alcohol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress management training for hospital supervisory personnel.

The overall goal of Stress Management Training is the re-orientation of people's typical stress reaction habits into new, more rational and assertive patterns of problem-solving. Participants gain new insights into what stress is and how it affects them. They learn skills which reduce stress to nondamaging levels. They learn to use their minds to productively solve problems and to manage their personal and professional lives to a better end.

Administrative Personnel↗
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Challenges in preventing suicide.

The success of traditional suicide prevention efforts is evaluated and found wanting. Some encouraging recent developments are noted, and it is suggested that suicidologists might also profitably consider the strategies used by professionals dealing with other public health and social problems, such as drug abuse and delinquency.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The ethics of suicide and suicide prevention.

Is suicide ever a defensible choice, particularly for the terminally ill? The present article debates this difficult question, examining the relevance of such issues as the morality, rationality, and dynamics of the suicidal act, and the legitimacy of physician-assisted suicide. Contrasting perspectives on these issues are articulated by two prominent suicidologists, as a spur to the reader's deeper reconsideration of the ethics of suicide and suicide prevention.

Ethical Theory↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Theories of suicidal behavior applied to Sylvia Plath.

The suicide of Sylvia Plath is examined from the perspective of 15 theories of suicidal behavior and is found to fit best with psychoanalytic and cognitive theories of suicide, in particular those of Aaron Beck, Henry Murray, and Edwin Shneidman.

Famous Persons↗
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The effect of war on personal aggression.

The effect of war on the suicide rate and on the relative likelihood of suicide as a proportion of total personal aggression was examined in the United States for the time period from 1933 to 1986. Once unemployment was controlled for, no effect of war was detected.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Suicide in Poland as reflected by world trends].

Recent epidemiological trends in Polish suicide rates were compared and found to be somewhat consistent with world-wide trends. In addition, the time-series Polish suicide rate was consistent with some predictions made from Durkheim's classic theory of suicide. Finally, hypotheses about the aetiology of suicide were used to derive a linear regression equation to predict the Polish suicide rate reasonably accurately.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the BAX system for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in foods: collaborative study.

A multilaboratory study was conducted to compare the automated BAX system and the standard cultural methods for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in foods. Six food types (frankfurters, soft cheese, smoked salmon, raw, ground beef, fresh radishes, and frozen peas) were analyzed by each method. For each food type, 3 inoculation levels were tested: high (average of 2 CFU/g), low (average of 0.2 CFU/g) and uninoculated controls. A total of 25 laboratories representing government and industry participated. Of the 2335 samples analyzed, 1109 were positive by the BAX system and 1115 were positive by the standard method. A Chi square analysis of each of the 6 food types, at the 3 inoculation levels tested, was performed. For all foods, except radishes, the BAX system performed as well as or better than the standard reference methods based on the Chi square results.

Chi-Square Distribution↗