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Biomedical subjects

D Lester

Publications and source records attributed to D Lester.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Ethanol-induced analgesia in rats selectively bred for ethanol sensitivity.

Two rat lines selectively bred for ethanol-induced depression of locomotor activity were studied for ethanol-induced analgesia. The effects of ethanol on startle amplitude, extent of overt movements and incidence of audible vocalizations in response to intermittent, noncontingent foot shock. All three responses were dose-dependently depressed by ethanol (0.66 to 2.0 g/kg, IP), and to greater extent in the "most affected" line (MA) than in "least affected" (LA) rats. Ethanol-induced response decrements were reinstated at higher shock intensities, indicating a sensory (i.e., analgesic) rather than a motoric or analgesic basis for these effects. Genes which influence ethanol's motoric effects might, in part, influence sensitivity to its sensory effects.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1980

The treatment of compulsive gambling.

The techniques used for treating compulsive gamblers are reviewed. They include psychoanalytic psychotherapy, aversion therapy, marital therapy, and self-help groups (Gamblers Anonymous). The problems especially important in treating compulsive gamblers include lack of motivation for change and the role of the significant others in maintaining the gambler as the scapegoat of the family. Although therapists report good success in treating gamblers, the sporadic nature of gambling probably inflates "success' rates.

Aversive Therapy↗
PubMed1979

Rats bred for ethanol sensitivity: impairment of swimming by ethanol and pentobarbital.

Rats selectively bred for disparate degrees of ethanol-induced depression of spontaneous locomotor activity ('most affected' = MA; 'least affected' = LA) were trained on a swim task. Undrugged rats of the MA line swam significantly faster than rats of the LA line. Ethanol, 0.0--2.25 g/kg i.p., produced dose-dependent increases in swim time in rats of the 13 generation (F13). Averaged over trials, these increases were greater in LA than in MA rats and greater in males than in females, but there was no sex difference in peak impairment. Increases in swin time were uncorrelated with predrug performance. These findings were confirmed in younger F17 rats receiving 1.75 g EtOH/kg i.p. Although the lines differed in ethanol-induced impairment, F17 males of the two lines were not differentially impaired by pentobarbital (12.5--22.5 mg/kg, i.p.). The existence of task-dependent line differences in ethanol sensitivity emphasizes the nonunitary nature of ethanol-induced 'behavioral depression.'

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Temporal variation in suicide and homicide.

In this study of all of the violent deaths in the US over two years, clear monthly and daily variations were found. Suicide peaked in the Spring and Fall; homicide in July and December. Suicide was more common on Mondays; homicide on Saturdays and Sundays. Homicide was more common on national holidays, while suicide tended to be less common. No lunar variation was found.

Holidays↗