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Biomedical subjects

D Leopold

Publications and source records attributed to D Leopold.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Relationship between saliva and free and total plasma theophylline concentrations in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.

Total plasma and mixed stimulated saliva theophylline concentrations (by high performance liquid chromatography) and free plasma theophylline concentrations (by equilibrium dialysis) were measured in simultaneously collected samples from 32 outpatients receiving chronic oral theophylline treatment, who had received the drug at least two hours before sampling. There was a close relationship between saliva and total plasma theophylline concentration and between total saliva and free plasma concentration. The mean saliva to total plasma drug concentration ratio was 0.69 (SE 0.09) and the mean difference between paired saliva and free plasma concentration was 0.65 (0.17) microgram/ml. It is concluded that stimulated mixed saliva provides a simple, non-invasive method of assessing total (and free) plasma theophylline concentrations during chronic oral treatment. The therapeutic range for saliva, corresponding to the generally accepted total plasma concentration range (10-20 micrograms/ml), is approximately 7-14 micrograms/ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Sex determination from the skull and parts of the hip bone].

Using multivariate discriminant analyses of various skull length and breadth measurements and some measurements of the ischio-pubic and/or sacro-iliac pelvic bone segments, we remarkably improved the skeleton sex diagnosis on the larger bone samples from Prague, Brno, and Leipzig. According to NOVOTNY, a correct sexing of pelves is possible on the basis of combination of 2 type-morphognostic characters and 4 morphometric ones of the pubis, the ischium, and the greater sciatic notch (incisura ischiadica major). The symphysis region also yields several characters usable in discriminant functions which, in combination with the ventral border of the symphyseal surface, enable the sex diagnosis required by forensic medicine using one part of pelvis only.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Free and total plasma theophylline concentrations in chronic airflow obstruction.

It has been suggested that the variability in clinical response between individuals at any given total plasma theophylline concentration may be related to interpatient variability in theophylline plasma protein binding. We therefore measured the plasma protein binding of theophylline in plasma from 39 outpatients with chronic airflow obstruction who were receiving long term oral theophylline treatment. The protein binding was measured at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 by equilibrium dialysis. Total plasma theophylline concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and the free concentration calculated by multiplying total concentration by the free (unbound) fraction. The total plasma theophylline concentration varied from 0.7 to 22.0 micrograms/ml, mean 10.6 (SD 5.3) micrograms/ml (3.9-121 mumol/l, mean 58.3 (29.2) mumol/l). The free fraction of theophylline varied only from 0.58 to 0.69 (mean 0.626 (0.024] microgram/ml and was not related to the total concentration (r = -0.236, n = 39, p greater than 0.05). There was a very close relationship between free and total plasma concentrations (r = 0.996, n = 39, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that there is little variability in plasma protein binding of theophylline in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Other factors appear to be responsible for variability between individuals in the response to a given total plasma theophylline concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Determinants of the plasma protein binding of theophylline in health.

1 The plasma protein binding of theophylline was determined after addition of [14C]-theophylline (15 micrograms/ml) to plasma from 24 healthy drug-free volunteers and equilibrium dialysis for 2 h at 37 degrees C. 2 The percentage of drug unbound was 60.0% +/- 2.2% (s.d.) with very little variation between individuals. The binding ratio of theophylline was not significantly related to the plasma albumin or alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) concentrations but was significantly, although weakly, negatively related to the logarithm of the non-esterified fatty acid concentration (NEFA) (r = 0.443, P less than 0.05). 3 Intravenous administration of heparin (1000 units) caused a significant rise in plasma NEFA concentration and in the percentage of drug unbound in plasma after equilibrium dialysis. 4 In human serum albumin solutions, the binding ratio of theophylline was significantly related to the albumin concentration and at the albumin concentration seen in the 24 normal subjects, the percentage of drug unbound was almost identical. Addition of AAG in physiological concentrations did not enhance theophylline binding but oleic acid, and to a lesser extent palmitic acid, reduced binding significantly. 5 The percentage of theophylline unbound in plasma varied markedly with pH so that at pH7 the percentage unbound was 52% greater than at pH 8. There was no evidence of concentration dependence of binding up to 140 micrograms/ml theophylline. 6 Theophylline appears to bind almost exclusively to albumin and its plasma protein binding varies little in healthy subjects, showing no concentration-dependence over the therapeutic range of concentrations. The binding is affected by pH and by NEFA concentration, however, and these factors may be of greater importance in disease states. Caution should be employed in the use of heparin in studies of plasma protein binding of theophylline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A double-blind clinical trial of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate in bronchial asthma.

A double-blind cross-over trial compared the efficacy of ketotifen (1 mg b.d.) and DSCG (20 mg q.d.s.) as prophylactic therapy for asthma. It involved two eight-week periods of active therapy, each being preceded by two weeks of double placebo treatment. Analysis of symptoms recorded on diary cards showed that there was a reduction in the cough score in the atopic asthmatics on DSCG compared to ketotifen, and reductions in the cough score, wheeze and dyspnoea on DSCG when compared with placebo. There was a significant reduction in the diurnal variation in PEFR during treatment with DSCG compared to ketotifen and improvement in morning PEFR on DSCG compared with placebo. It was concluded that DSCG resulted in a significant therapeutic effect during the trial, whereas ketotifen (1 mg b.d.) did not.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The results of reflux prevention in adults with reflux nephropathy.

Twenty adult patients with varying degrees of reflux nephropathy and renal impairment were selected for anti-reflux surgery. Following reflux prevention, those patients with symptoms related to recurrent urinary tract infection were greatly improved. However, in those patients with impaired and deteriorating renal function, surgery only occasionally influences this progression. These patients all had significant proteinuria both pre- and post-operatively. Proteinuria appears to be a more significant prognostic indication of renal deterioration than the degree of reflux or reflux nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[The determination of age and sex from measure of the humerus (author's transl)].

On a total of seventy left humeri of persons in their third to ninth decades of life thirty different bone dimensions were determined macroscoically and checked for age dependence. Strong dependence on age was shown only by the weight and volume of the humerus as well as by the areal and thickness dimensins of the center of the shaft. These were used to set up multidimensional linear regression functions by which it is possible for the age of persons past thirty to be estimated with defined accuracy. Also calculated were discriminant functions which allow the sex of a person to be identified to be determined from three dimensions of the left humeral head, and these are the size of the caput at the cartilage-to-bone interface, the transverse and vertical diameters of the caput humeri or head of the humerus. Of the 49 cases studied only three were found to be in the region of overlap of the dimensions used for calculation. Consequently, the formula would not allow unknown humeri or skeletons, respectively, to be identified as belonging to either male or female persons in 6 percent of the cases only. The results of additional examinations made of 198 right humeri were less accurate and showed a decrease of the sexual dimorphism of bone with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Lethal varicella in infants].

Varicella are regarded as relatively harmless disease. Since the application of antibiotics as complication appear rare mortal courses of generalised varicella above all as a sequel of haemorrhagic-gangrenous forms of course (especially under therapy of corticosteroids), of varicella pneumonia and of encephalitides, while the bacterial superinfection is in second place concerning exitus letalis. Two own observations of varicella infections having a fatal outcome in a 1 1/2-year-old child and a 2-year-old child are reported. In the two cases the efflorescences of the skin were already healing. While one child suddenly died at home (concerning the cells a typical perivenous encephalitis as well as a varicella hepatitis without nuclear inclusion bodies was proved), the older child was admitted to hospital after sudden deterioration and abscess-formation of a chickenpox pustule. Clinically a meningo-encephalitis was established, which after dramatic course led to death still at the day of admission. As to the cells only slight perivenous round cell infiltrates could be proved in severe cerebral oedema, cytolyses and sporadic perivascular haemorrhages and emedullations.

Brain↗
PubMed1975

[Objective radiological stereophotogrammetry in dentistry].

By means of objective radiological stereo-photogrammetry of two extraoral stereoscopic radiograms, the location of dislocated impacted teeth was determined preoperatively in a model. During operation it was possible to find the teeth at the computed position.

Female↗