Dogmatism, learning, and resistance to change: a review and a new paradigm.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Lee.
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Methods are described for the isolation and purification of pepsinogen D, a minor zymogen occurring to the extent of about 5% of the potential proteolytic activity in neutral extracts of the pig gastric mucosa. The physical and chemical properties of this zymogen indicate that it is very similar to, if not identical with, dephosphopepsinogen.
Methods are described for the isolation and purification of pepsin D, an enzyme which accounts for about 10% of the enzymic activity in commercial preparations of pepsin. Pepsin D is similar to pepsin in having a molecular weight of about 35000, the same C-terminal amino acid sequence, and an N-terminal isoleucine residue. It differs in having no phosphate residue. Pepsin D is similar to pepsin in its ability to digest haemoglobin, acetyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-di-iodotyrosine and gelatin but it is twice as active as pepsin in the clotting of milk. It has the same specificity as pepsin in its action on the B-chain of oxidized insulin. It is probable that the pepsin D in commercial preparations of pepsin arises from the activation of gastric pepsinogen D.
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Isolated rat liver perfusates contain a substance which inhibits 3H-thymidine uptake by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in a dose-dependent, noncytotoxic fashion. Suppression is not due to interference of lymphocyte-phytohemagglutinin interaction or dilution of the thymidine pool. Complete inhibition of thymidine uptake is achieved with less than 1.0 microgram of material per ml (which is a potentially achievable concentration in vivo). The release of this material is directly and quantitatively associated with hepatocellular injury as measured by release of glutamic pyruvate transaminase. The material is a highly basic protein with a molecular weight of approximately 65,000 to 80,000 daltons. It is a product of the hepatocyte rather than of nonparenchymal liver cells. Liver-derived materials, such as the presently described molecule, may play a role in in situ regulation of lymphocyte function during immunologically mediated liver disease.
The complications of the "traditional" blepharoplasty have been well outlined; however, very little can be found on the safety of lasers when used for blepharoplasty. In this article, 20 consecutive patients undergoing laser blepharoplasty are examined preoperatively and postoperatively for eye function and ocular injury by an independent ophthalmologist. Follow-up examinations were performed at random times after surgery ranging from 4 to 60 days, with the majority of patients (17 of 20) seen between 4 and 17 days after surgery. Any changes from the preoperative examinations were recorded. Results demonstrated no complications associated with the use of lasers during blepharoplasty. Safety precautions and surgical procedures are outlined. An attempt is made to separate those hazards specific to the laser technique from the "traditional" blepharoplasty procedure.
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