Irregular bleeding in women: causes and nursing intervention.
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Aging↗
Biomedical subjects
D Lauver
Publications and source records attributed to D Lauver.
Childhood enuresis.
Enuresis is a common health problem in children, occurring in approximately 10 percent of five-year-olds and five percent of ten-year-olds. Regardless of the multiple possible causes, enuresis affects the child's development. Following a discussion of epidemiologic, physiologic, psychosocial and predisposing factors to enuresis, this article presents nursing approaches to the assessment and management of enuresis. A variety of management options for the nurse practitioner are discussed with a focus on supporting normal child development and facilitative family interactions.
Adolescent↗
Identifying women's descriptions of breast tissue for the promotion of breast self-examination.
The purpose of this study was to identify women's descriptions of their breast tissue. Concrete objective descriptions of the breast, in women's own words, are important to formulate an intervention, based on a self-regulation framework, designed to promote breast self-examination. Descriptions were initially generated from open-ended interviews with 27 women scheduled for mammography. The initial descriptions were validated by an additional 25 women scheduled for mammography. The descriptions of the breast that are relevant to women are presented, conclusions for a subsequent intervention study drawn, and implications for practice addressed.
Adult↗
Testing theoretical explanations of mammography use.
The theory of care-seeking behavior was tested in the context of mammography use among midwestern women (N = 178). In multivariate logistic regressions, mammography adherence in the past 5 years was related to habit, the interaction of anxiety and barriers, belief in one's risk of breast cancer, age, and family history of breast cancer. Recent use of mammograms (i.e., in the past 1 or 2 years, depending on age) was related to norm and habit. Intention was related to utility beliefs regarding mammography, norm, habit, and belief in one's risk of breast cancer. As proposed from theory, anxiety and barriers interacted to influence adherence, the variables of habit, utility beliefs, and norm were related to either recent use or intention. Contrary to theory, belief in one's risk of breast cancer, age, and family history of breast cancer were related to adherence or intention after controlling for theoretically derived variables. The explanatory variables for each outcome were not identical, indicating that these mammography-related outcomes are characteristically different.
Adult↗
Women's concerns about abnormal Papanicolaou test results.
Because of the increase in and potential severity of abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, women's concerns and methods of coping with abnormal Pap results are of clinical importance. Through this study, the researchers sought to describe women's questions and identify their reactions to abnormal Pap results. The study included 118 women whose Pap tests suggested precancer. Interviews were conducted with the participants after they received the news of their Pap tests and at follow-up. Upon hearing the results of their Pap tests, the participants asked questions reflecting their concerns about follow-up, causes, and implications. The participants' reactions at follow-up reflected their concerns about serious diseases, worry, and uncertainty about the meaning of Pap tests.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Intervention or interaction?
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Breast Neoplasms↗
Addressing infrequent cancer screening among women.
National health policies must be revised to support basic health services for all Americans, a breadth of cost-effective health practitioners, and a system that provides comprehensive, coordinated care in decentralized locations. State and local advocacy groups should increase consumers and policy-makers awareness about inadequate cancer screening. Educational institutions should address cancer prevention for practitioners in training. Practice institutions should employ nurses and nurse practitioners more effectively, as well as institute computerized feed-back and reminder systems. More rigorous research on the effect of educational messages on client beliefs, affect, and screening behavior are needed to guide interventions for cancer control.
Female↗
Psychosocial variables, race, and intention to seek care for breast cancer symptoms.
This study was designed to assess whether the influences of affect, utility, norm, and habit on intention to seek care promptly for a breast cancer symptom were conditional upon race. Ninety-six participants (68% Caucasian and 32% African American) in community settings completed measures of psychosocial, demographic, and clinical variables, and intention to seek care promptly for a breast lump. Controlling for education, financial coverage for health care, and family history of breast disease, the interactions of both utility and norm with race significantly explained intention. The positive influence of utility on intention was stronger among Caucasians than African Americans, but significant among both groups. The positive influence of social norm on intention was significant for Caucasians, but not for African Americans.
Adult↗
Spontaneous causal searching and adjustment to abnormal Papanicolaou test results.
A search for the cause of unexpected negative events has been proposed to occur commonly and to promote adjustment. The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the frequency of spontaneous causal searching about abnormal Papanicolaou test (Pap) results and the relationship between searching and adjustment to these results. Participants (N = 118) had abnormal Pap results indicating a need for follow-up with colposcopy. The questions asked on hearing these results were coded for content reflecting spontaneous causal searching. Measures of adjustment (type of expectations about follow-up, negative emotions, and prompt attendance) were obtained at follow-up. Only 34% of participants spontaneously asked causal questions. Causal searching was not associated with expectations, emotions, or attendance.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Optimism and coping with a breast cancer symptom.
This study was conducted to assess whether optimism was associated with less delay and anxiety in seeking care for breast cancer symptoms, expectations about such care seeking, and the likelihood of having breast cancer. The influence of optimism on delay and anxiety through expectations about care seeking or likelihood of breast cancer was also examined. Participants (N = 135) with breast cancer symptoms and no history of cancer were interviewed at a surgery clinic. Optimism was associated with less delay and anxiety in care seeking and with expectations of desirable outcomes of care seeking. After controlling for expectations about care seeking, the relationship of optimism and anxiety became nonsignificant. Adjusting for differences in occupational status, the relationship of optimism and delay was nonsignificant. Thus, optimism may influence anxiety in care seeking for breast cancer symptoms through situation-specific expectations. The influence of optimism on delay may be confounded with socioeconomic factors.
Adaptation, Psychological↗