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Biomedical subjects

D Lauque

Publications and source records attributed to D Lauque.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Natural history of bronchiolo-alveolar cancer. Apropos of 38 cases].

Thirty-eight cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma were selected on anatomico-pathological criteria and analysed both radioclinically and histologically. At histology, this type of carcinoma is characterized chiefly by the growth of malignant cells along the alveolar walls. Cytology, which determines the nature of these cells (pneumocyte II or Clara cell), is not specific but remains important as regards phylogenesis. The course of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma gives a better understanding of its mode of propagation. Actuarial curves show that all patients with a diffuse carcinoma die very rapidly, whereas the survival rate of those who have localized lesions is 60% at 5 years. Moreover, the time required for dissemination to take place is long in assessable cases. This means that the condition should be diagnosed at an early stage on the presence of crepitant rales, on their air bronchogram at CT and on transparietal needle biopsy under CT. The chances are that early excision will result in cure.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

[Pulmonary calcinosis].

Interstitial pulmonary calcinosis was discovered after finding hypercalcaemia in a man of 56 who had been treated for several months with Hydrochlorthiazide. This was a secondary hyperparathyroidism due to the formation of parathyroid adenomatous cysts. This illness had been quiescent until then and was probably revealed as a result of the hydrochlorthiazide therapy.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1986

[Thoracic puncture guided by x-ray computed tomography. Apropos of 125 cases].

A series of 125 CT-guided thoracic punctures performed over a 20-month period is reported. The only complications were pneumothorax in 14 cases, 5 of which were drained, and 1 case of hemomediastinum. For the diagnosis of malignancy the sensitivity of the method was 82%, its specificity 100% and its effectiveness 74%. The level of sensitivity rose to 86% in the last 90 cases. This method is an additional contribution to exploration of the lungs. In trained hands it gives rise to few complications and should result in a histological diagnosis in a large number of cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of oral N-acetylcysteine on mucus clearance.

Oral N-acetylcysteine has been advocated as a mucolytic agent for use in chronic bronchitis. We have investigated the effects of regular use of this drug at a dose of 200 mg thrice daily for 4 weeks in nine patients with chronic bronchitis on lung function, lung mucociliary clearance and sputum viscosity in a controlled, double-blind, crossover study. No significant differences were found in lung function, mucociliary clearance curves or sputum viscosity following treatment with N-acetylcysteine compared to control or placebo measurements.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1985

[Computerized tomography of pleuropulmonary pathology due to asbestos].

28 patients presenting with proven pleuro-pulmonary pathology due to asbestos underwent conventional radiography and also computed tomography (TDM). It is evident that TDM was more sensitive in detecting the presence of pleural plaques which were either hidden or invisible on standard radiographs. False parietal images were often eliminated. With a mesothelioma it can guide the biopsy approach and by visualising contra-lateral plaques that the origin is asbestos. It should enable irregular plaques to be monitored more easily.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Alveolar paraffinosis: cytologic and biochemical study of bronchiolo-alveolar lavage fluid].

A case report of a diffuse alveolar lipoid pneumonia occurring in a patient incapable of giving a proper history underlines the diagnostic difficulty of lipoid pneumonias. Till now, unless the diagnosis was made at necropsy, one relied on a history of prolonged consumption of medications containing mineral oil, with evidence on open lung biopsy of excess fatty material in the pulmonary parenchyma. Chromatography on thin slices of the lipid extract of bronchiolo-alveolar lavage liquid fixed in silica gel, a simple technique, should rapidly give the diagnosis. In the alveolar form of the disease bronchopulmonary lavage returns a significant quantity of paraffin oil and may be considered as a therapeutic method.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1983

The frog palate for studying mucus transport velocity and mucociliary frequency.

The palate of the frog possess a pseudostratified epithelium with mucus secreting cells and numerous ciliated cells covered with a continuous mucus blanket of 4 to 8 micron thickness. This palate can be used as a simple model for studying mucus transport and giving rapid information on the transportability of pathological bronchial secretion by the ciliary mechanism. The analysis of the relationship between the rheological properties of sputum an their transport rates on the frog palate showed that the highest transport rates were obtained with sputum samples characterized by a high spinability (Sp greater than 70 mm) and an intermediate range of viscosity (25-180 P) and elasticity (SR = 4-12 units). The mucociliary frequency (Fm) of the frog palate was measured by a photoelectric method and analyzed as a distribution function of the ciliary frequencies by the Fast Fourier Transform method. Fm decreased significantly after mucus depletion and was restored when adding a drop of frog mucus collected on a freshly excised frog palate. On the other hand, it remained about 20% lower than the original predepleted value, when adding purulent sputum collected in patients with chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis. The frog palate appears as a valuable model for analyzing the mucociliary transport rate and also for studying the effect of pathological secretions on the ciliary beating frequency.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pneumorenal syndrome induced by d-penicillamine: Goodpasture's syndrome or microscopic polyarteritis?].

Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage associated with glomerulonephritis is a rare but serious complication of d-penicillamine therapy. A case is reported which illustrates the usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage and kidney needle biopsy for the early diagnosis of this condition. A search for antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies in serum was negative, whereas antigranulocyte cytoplasmic antibodies were present. These immunological results differentiated the disease from Goodpasture's syndrome to which it is clinically related and placed it in the same category as microscopic polyarteritis. After treatment with corticosteroids, cytostatic drugs and plasmapheresis, the outcome was favourable in contrast with the usually poor prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Alveolar hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis and anti-cytoplasmic polynuclear antibodies].

The value of antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) was assessed in the diagnosis and chronic treatment of 7 patients with microscopic polyarteritis or Wegener's granulomatosis. All patients had oligoimmune glomerulonephritis with segmental and focal necrosis and presented with anaemia. Five of them had alveolar haemorrhage with haemoptysis and infiltrates at radiography. ANCA were assayed by indirect immuno-fluorescence on ethanol-fixed neutrophils and were strongly positive, with a cycloplasmic aspect in 5 cases and a perinuclear aspect in 2 cases. Initial remission with fall in ANCA titres was obtained with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and sometimes plasmapheresis (5 patients), but frequent relapses with re-elevation of ANCA titre occurred when treatment was reduced. It is concluded that ANCA are very helpful in the diagnosis of systemic vasculitis, notably in cases with first-time alveolar haemorrhage. They also facilitate monitoring and therapeutic decisions, since relapses are frequent.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An intensive survey of drug surveillance in a medical admissions department].

An intensive survey of pharmacovigilance was carried out in a medical admission department over a 4-month period. Out of 2,017 admissions to hospital, 23 (1,1 p. 100) were motivated by adverse reactions to drugs. Questioning brought out allergy and multiple drug therapy as important factors. Lesions of the skin and mucosae predominated, notably after treatment with antibacterial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The categories of drugs involved were, in decreasing order of frequency: cardiovascular (6/23), anti-bacterial (5/23), neuropsychiatric (4/23) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (4/23). The fact that the patients had taken several products rendered evaluation difficult. Using imputability scales made it possible to reduce the cause-effect relationship in 26 p. 100 of the cases.

Admitting Department, Hospital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Descriptive analysis of emergency hospital admissions of patients with Alzheimer disease.

The aim of this project was to study the underlying reasons for emergency hospital admission of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and their characteristics. This prospective 4-month study identified 118 patients with DAT, most of whom were referred to the two emergency departments of the Toulouse University Hospital. The two main reasons for admission were behavioral problems (26.3%) and falls (18.6%). Patients were generally at an advanced stage of the disease process and had substantial evidence of poor nutritional status and loss of activities of daily living ability. About one third of patients had already been admitted to the hospital for the same reasons in the preceding months. Psychotropic drugs predominated (71%) among the current medications taken by the patients and were mainly anxiolytics and neuroleptics. Finally, the discharge report indicated that medications were a contributing factor in the disorders of 25% of patients. We believe that improved information for caregivers and early management and treatment are essential to respond adequately to the problems raised by this population.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficiency of mucociliary clearance and cough in bronchitis].

Progressive alterations in the in vitro transport properties of airway secretions according to the severity and duration of bronchitis have been previously reported, but the potential in vivo dysfunction of bronchial clearance during different phases of bronchitis has not yet been studied. We measured bronchial mucociliary clearance (CMC) and clearance by cough (CTx) using a radioactive aerosol technique (resin particles 7.4 micron in diameter, tagged with technetium-99 m) in patients with recurrent bronchitis (group I, n = 5) and in chronic bronchitic patients, either at an early (group II, n = 13) or advanced (group III, n = 17) stage of their disease. The results were compared with those obtained from a control group (group 0, n = 10) and the respective efficiencies of the mucociliary system and cough were analysed with reference to respiratory function. The initial deposition of the aerosol in central airways is similar in all the patients and healthy subjects. In comparison with group 0, the mucociliary clearance is only significantly reduced in groups II and III (p less than 0.02). In healthy subjects, the clearance by cough is very weak, whereas in bronchitic patients it can be roughly equal to or greater than the CMC. However, the cough is less efficient in group III than in group II (p less than 0.05). A reduced efficiency of the clearance by cough occurs together with abnormalities in the gas exchange.

Adult↗