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Biomedical subjects

D Lamb

Publications and source records attributed to D Lamb.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Intra-epithelial mast cells in human airway epithelium: evidence for smoking-induced changes in their frequency.

A morphological and quantitative study was performed on the respiratory epithelium of human distal airways in 20 lungs removed at operation for the treatment of carcinoma. Using 1 micron araldite sections stained with Toluidine Blue for light microscopy, with further electron microscopic study where required, we have described mast cells in the epithelium of bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles. Examination of these cells at both microscopic levels demonstrates many of the typical features of mast cells--namely, metachromatic granules on staining with toluidine blue at light microscopic level, surface microvillous processes, and numerous dense intracytoplasmic granules with a whorled substructure at electron microscopy. Furthermore, we have identified cells devoid of granular material which may be recognised as mast cells by virtue of their nuclear and cell surface characteristics--the occurrence of a spectrum of change between those cells devoid of granular material and those with full granule content; and a few cells in which we found both typical dense, whorled granules and large lucent vacuoles devoid of such material. Quantitation of all respiratory epithelial cells by light microscopy shows that mast cells comprise 0-2% of the total population. A higher proportion of mast cells was found in the epithelium of smokers than in non-smokers. Because of the presence of many epithelial mast cells devoid of granule content, we suggest that the use of traditional 4 microns paraffin sections stained with thiazine dyes to study mast cells would lead to a marked underestimation of the epithelial population.

Basophils↗
PubMed1982

The renal glomerulus in hypoxic cor pulmonale.

We measured the mean capillary tuft area by a custom-built semi-automatic technique in postmortem sections from the kidneys of 16 patients with "blue and bloated" chronic bronchitis and emphysema and in seven patients of similar age who were free of respiratory and renal disease at death. Nine bronchitic patients had received domiciliary oxygen treatment while seven had not. The mean glomerular tuft area in these treated bronchitic patients (14 200 microns2) was not significantly different from that of the untreated patients (16 900 microns2) but the tuft area in the bronchitic subjects was significantly larger than that of the non-bronchitic controls (12 100 microns2, p less than 0 . 02). There was no reduction in glomerular cellularity to suggest passive venous distension, and glomerular size was not correlated with clinical or pathological indices of cor pulmonale (including red cell mass). The arterial oxygen tension (Po2), however, was correlated with glomerular size (r = 0 . 68, p less than 0 . 01) if allowance was made for the higher Po2 of the patients receiving oxygen. The percentage of glomeruli with an identifiable juxtaglomerular apparatus also increased with increasing glomerular size. These structural changes in the kidneys of patients with severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema may reflect changes in renal salt and water handling that are potentially reversible by oxygen treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Saprophytic invasion of infarcted pulmonary tissue by Aspergillus species.

Saprophytic invasion of infarcted pulmonary tissue has received only passing reference in published reports. Five patients with colonisation of pulmonary infarcts by aspergillus are described, with discussion of the clinical and histopathological features. The characteristic features were widespread invasion of dead tissue by fungal hyphae, in three cases with liquefaction resulting in the production of a cavitated lesion. There was no evidence that the vascular thrombosis and the consequent infarction present in four cases were caused by the fungus. In two cases the lesions were resected as possible peripheral cavitated tumours, and in two they were incidental findings at necropsy in patients who had had carcinoma and received radiotherapy. In the fifth case the clinical diagnosis was pneumococcal pneumonia but the possibility of primary aspergillus pneumonia was raised.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Effects of potassium and chloride on the membrane potentials of P815 mastocytoma tumor cells.

The steady-state transmembrane potentials of P815 mastocytoma cells were recorded when the cells were bathed in salines of different compositions. In the normal growth medium (RPMI 1640 with added fetal calf serum) the mean membrane potential was -8.7 mV (SEM +/- 0.4, n = 22). A family of Tris-buffered salines (TBS), modeled from Dulbecco's modified PBS (289 mosmol, 169 milliionic strength units, pH 7.5), having different K+ and different C1- concentrations, were designed and used to bathe the tumor cells. All of the TBS solutions had constant, but reduced levels of ionized Ca2+. In the absence of external C1-, an increase of external K+ from 2 to 20 mM results in a 5.7 mV depolarization. In the presence of external C1- the same increase in external K+ results in a 2.1 mV depolarization. The presence of 145 mM C1- resulted in a steady-state depolarization (for either level of K) of about 50%. One explanation for these results would be the presence of an inward-going active C1- transport.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1982

Psychotherapy with the younger adolescent girl: more than an intellectual exercise for the therapist.

The author discusses the inappropriateness of insight psychotherapy with interpretative interventions in the treatment of young adolescent girls. Instead, these patients need help with strengthening their internal controls and in gaining a feeling of competence to deal with life's problem. Thus they develop a sense of mastery in both these crucial areas. Ways of achieving these goals are described.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1981

Pneumoconiosis of shale miners.

Four patients are described in whom pneumoconiosis was diagnosed towards the end of a lifetime's work in shale mines. All developed complicated pneumoconiosis, diagnosed in two cases at necropsy, in one by lobectomy, and in one radiologically. Two of the patients were found at necropsy also to have peripheral squamous lung cancer. The clinical and histological features of the disease resembled the pneumoconioses of coalminers and kaolin workers and the lungs of three of the patients were shown to contain dust composed predominantly of kaolinite, mica, and silica. Shale miners' complicated pneumoconiosis has not previously been described. Although the British shale industry is now defunct, oil production from shale is expanding in other countries, notably the USA. It is suggested that control should be exercised over dust exposure levels in this industry and that epidemiological studies should be carried out to quantify the risks of both pneumoconiosis and bronchial carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Bronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma.

Sixty consecutive patients with central bronchial carcinomas were studied by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. In all forceps biopsy and bronchial needle aspiration were performed, and in 54 bronchial brushings were obtained. The combination of bronchial brushings and forceps biopsy diagnosed bronchial carcinoma of a defined cell type in 80% of patients. Bronchial needle aspiration was the most effective single technique giving a cytological diagnosis in 80% of patients, and when all three techniques were combined the positive rate increased to 92%. No major complications occurred using bronchial needle aspiration. Needle aspiration was particularly helpful when sampling from lesions in the upper lobes where forceps biopsies were technically difficult, from tumours lying submucosally, and from abnormalities caused by extrinsic compression. We conclude that bronchial needle aspiration should be used routinely, together with other sampling techniques, in the diagnosis of central bronchial carcinoma with the fibreoptic bronchoscope.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Aetiology of unresolved pneumonia.

Preoperative histological or cytological confirmation of a diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma is not always possible, so occasionally non-neoplastic lesions are resected. Of these lesions a significant number are described by pathologists as 'unresolved pneumonia'. We studied the case notes and histopathology of 30 patients from whom lung had been resected and which had been classified as pneumonia. Other non-neoplastic lesions, such as pulmonary infarction, bronchiectasis, and tuberculosis, were excluded. All had a preoperative diagnosis of probable bronchial carcinoma. On review very few appeared to be the consequence of an infective, pneumonic episode. In 11, foreign material was identified, including one typical example of a paraffinoma. Aspiration of foreign material may lead to a localised lesion which simulates carcinoma of the bronchus both clinically and radiographically.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Subanaesthetic dosage of Althesin as a sedative for conservative dentistry. A controlled trial.

A randomized partial cross-over clinical trial of two intravenous techniques for outpatient conservative dentistry was performed in 61 patients. Subanaesthetic incremental doses of Althesin were used at 52 sessions and a single sedative dose of diazepam at 45 sessions. Each technique produced similar cardiovascular and respiratory changes. With Althesin, recovery after operation was more rapid and there was some evidence of a stronger anxiolytic effect and of less frequent and less severe thrombophlebitis. In contrast, Althesin was sometimes associated with jaw tremor or shivering and was less frequently mentioned by those patients who expressed a strong preference for one of the two techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The malignancy of bronchial adenoma.

The literature on bronchial adenoma has been reviewed and controversy found to exist about certain aspects of these tumors, particularly their malignancy. A retrospective study of 79 cases managed in Edinburgh since 1946 is presented. Seventy-one were of the carcinoid type, 7 were adenoid cystic carcinomas, and there was a single example of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. All types show a definite malignant potential, greatest in the rare mucoepidermoid tumor and least in the common carcinoid variety. Adenoid cystic carcinoma occupied an intermediate position in frequency and malignancy.

Adenoma↗