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Biomedical subjects

D L Murray

Publications and source records attributed to D L Murray.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Relative importance of bacteremia and viremia in the course of acute fevers of unknown origin in outpatient children.

During a 12-month period 80 children greater than 3 months of age seen at an emergency room with acute fevers greater than or equal to 39.7 C (103.5 F) and no localizing signs of infection were studied using blood and buffy coat cultures to isolate bacteria and viruses. Bacteremia was identified in three children (3.8%): two with Streptococcus pneumoniae and one with Neisseria meningitidis. Two children with viremia were identified: both isolates were ECHO virus, types 11 and 21, respectively. Fifty-eight of the study children (72%) were seen again in 24 to 48 hours and 27/58 (46%) were afebrile and completely well. No differences in sex, age, or initial WBC count existed among these children who returned afebrile and well and those with either localized disease or those persistently febrile.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Ocular effects in normal rabbits of topically applied labetalol: a combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonist.

The ocular effects in rabbits of topically applied labetalol hydrochloride, a new alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, were studied. A dose-related reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) followed treatment with 0.01% to 1% solutions. Labetalol at a 1% concentration had no effect on pupil diameter. The same dose blocked an increase in IOP after water loading but did not significantly alter the coefficient of aqueous outflow facility. Mydriasis induced by phenylephrine hydrochloride was competitively inhibited.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Influence of topically applied prazosin on the intraocular pressure of experimental animals.

Prazosin hydrochloride, an oral antihypertensive, is reported to inhibit phosphodiesterase and block postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptors, intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits was reduced in a dose-related manner following topical ocular application of concentrations of 0.0001% to 0.1%. The ocular hypotensive response lasted six to eight hours with a maximum effect at approximately two hours. The IOP of unilaterally sympathectomized rabbits treated in both eyes with prazosin decreased more in the normal eyes than in the sympathectomized eyes. Treatment of only the unsympathectomized eyes of these rabbits elicited a similar response. Normal rabbits elicited a similar response. Normal rabbits treated in only one eye also showed a slight response in the contralateral eye. Preliminary experiments did not support the hypothesis that these effects were due to a decrease of systemic blood pressure. No substantial ocular toxicity or pupillary changes were observed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

Ocular hypotensive action of labetalol.

Labetalol has a unique and profound effect on the IOP of rabbits, in contrast to pure beta-adrenergic blockers which have little or no effect in this animal. Its action cannot be satisfactorily explained by simple alpha and beta-adrenergic blocking activity. In the concentrations used, it failed to block the action of a beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol), the action of an alpha-adrenegic agonist (norepinephrine), and its own hypotensive action was neither blocked nor potentiated by the alpha-adrenergic blocker phenoxybenzamine. However, the beta blocker, timolol, did reduce the action of labetalol. These observations and the reduced response to labetalol after cervical sympathectomy, suggest that labetalol's ocular hypotensive effect may occur through some mechanism other than alpha or beta blockade.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Antibody response to monovalent A/New Jersey/8/76 influenza vaccine in pregnant women.

The decision to implement a mass immunization program with A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1N1) influenza vaccine provided a unique opportunity to evaluate immunological responses during pregnancy. Fifty-nine pregnant and 27 nonpregnant women participated in this study. Influenza virus hemagglutination-inhhibition antibody titers were determined to A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1N1), A/Japan/305/57 (H2N2), and A/Hong Kong/8/68 (H3N2) before and after a single dose of monovalent (200 chick cell agglutination units) influenza A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1N1) vaccine. The difference in titers between pregnant and nonpregnant women was insignificant. Treatment of the sera with 2-mercaptoethanol disclosed a similar immunoglobulin M response to the vaccine in both groups. The mean fold rise in heterologous antibody titer was similar in pregnant and nonpregnant women. This study demonstrated that pregnant women were able to respond to an original myxovirus antigen, influenza A/New Jersey/8/76, in a manner equivalent to nonpregnant, age-matched controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Health and mortality status of the West Coast population 1969-72.

Findings presented confirm and extend earlier evidence that people living on the West Coast of the South Island are disadvantaged in terms of mortality status. This is so of total mortality, of most ages, of neonatal but not post-neonatal or total infant mortality, and of the several major causes of death. In addition the frequency of dying is found to be higher among the unmarried compared with the married, and greater among blue rather than white collar workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Central venous catheter infections in pediatric patients--in a community hospital.

We reviewed the records of 23 pediatric patients who had received at least one central venous catheter during a two-year period. Nine patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), nine had other hematologic/oncologic diagnoses, and five had cystic fibrosis. Twenty-nine of 65 febrile episodes in 16 patients were associated with a catheter-related infection. Twenty of 40 catheters were associated with an infection over a period of 7,229 catheter days. For every 1,000 catheter days, four episodes of infections were observed. The number of infections/1,000 catheter days, the average life of a catheter (approximately equal to 180 days), and mean number of days elapsing before the first infection were not significantly different in the three diagnostic groups. Broviac catheters were used most often (24/40), followed by Quinton (9/40) and Port-a-Cath (7/40). Broviac catheters lasted twice as long (224 days, p less than 0.01) as Quinton and Port-a-Cath. Gram-positive cocci were isolated most frequently and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common pathogen. No consistent relationship between an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1,000/mm3 and infection with gram-positive cocci was seen. However, seven of eight episodes of gram-negative bacillary infections occurred in patients with an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1,000/m3 (p less than 0.005). Those patients who were not considered terminally ill responded well to antimicrobials. Catheter removal was necessary in only two instances.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cefaclor reactions.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus mitis as a cause of septicemia with meningitis in febrile neutropenic children.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report is to emphasize the importance of occurrence of Streptococcus mitis meningitis in febrile neutropenic children with hematopoietic malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Symptoms of meningitis and sepsis (fever, headache, changes in mental status) were seen in three patients who were severely neutropenic and undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for CNS relapse of their underlying malignancy (acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), n = 2; Burkitt's lymphoma, n = 1). Chemotherapy had included cytosine arabinoside administered 7-14 days prior to presenting with sepsis and meningitis. All three patients had buccal mucositis or sinusitis. Blood cultures and CSF cultures showed S. mitis resistant to penicillin but sensitive to vancomycin. Vancomycin, at a dosage of 60 mg/kg/day to maximize CNS levels of antibiotic, was administered to all three children. RESULTS: Two of the patients recovered from S. mitis meningitis; recovery was associated with an improvement in their peripheral granulocyte counts. One patient, who remained neutropenic, died despite being treated with both intravenous and intraventricular vancomycin. CONCLUSION: Physicians caring for patients who are neutropenic and febrile need to be aware of the risk of meningitis occurring with S. mitis sepsis. Early treatment with high dosages of vancomycin (60 mg/kg/day) and an attempt to limit the duration of neutropenia are important factors in the outcome of such patients.

Bacteremia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Field safety and efficacy of in ovo administration of HVT + SB-1 bivalent Marek's disease vaccine in commercial broilers.

The field safety and efficacy of a bivalent Marek's disease (MD) vaccine (herpesvirus of turkeys + strain SB-1) administered in ovo were evaluated. The vaccine was administered to commercial broiler chicken eggs using Embrex's INOVOJECT automated egg-injection system. Comparisons were made with a conventional method of vaccination, in which the vaccine was administered subcutaneously to chicks at hatching. In ovo administration of the vaccine at day 17.5-18.5 of incubation significantly reduced the number of culled chicks, early mortality, and overall mortality during the grow-out period compared with conventional vaccination. However, hatchability was significantly lower in in ovo-treated chicks. Overall livability and feed efficiency were higher in the in ovo-treated chicks than in conventionally vaccinated chicks. Total field-caused condemnations and condemnations due to airsacculitis and septicemia/toxemia were also lower in the in ovo-vaccinated chicks. No difference in the leukosis (MD) condemnation rate was observed between the two treatment groups. In ovo vaccination provided 93.25% protection against challenge with a very virulent strain of MD virus (strain RB1/B); by comparison, the conventional vaccination method provided 89.58% protection.

Animals↗