Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D L Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to D L Murphy.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Parents of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Family histories obtained from 27 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder failed to find a single parent with the disorder. To augment the family history data the Leyton Obsessional Inventory was completed by a subset of 10 patients and by their 20 parents. Although as a group parents showed lower Leyton Obsessional Inventory symptom scores than their obsessional offspring, 3 parents who had not been identified by family history were distinguished by high symptom scores in the absence of significant resistance or interference.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Correlation of changes in alpha 2-adrenoceptor number and locomotor responses to clonidine following clorgyline discontinuation.

[3H]-clonidine binding in vitro and the locomotor response to clonidine in vivo were studied over an eight week period following four weeks of treatment with the monoamine oxidase-inhibiting antidepressant, clorgyline (1 mg kg-1 day-1). Long-term clorgyline administration caused decreases in responsiveness to clonidine and in the number of alpha 2-adrenoceptors; these changes reverted towards pretreatment values very gradually over an eight week period following discontinuation of the drug. This study provides some of the first detailed evidence regarding the slow return of adaptional changes following discontinuation of an antidepressant drug in animals and has implications for understanding some delayed drug interactions associated with MAO-inhibiting antidepressants in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Growth hormone response to clonidine in obsessive-compulsive patients.

We have observed a lesser growth hormone response to intravenous clonidine administration in nine obsessive-compulsive disorder patients meeting research diagnostic criteria than in nine matched controls. The obsessive-compulsive disorder patients had higher plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and plasma norepinephrine levels before clonidine than the controls. As blunted growth hormone responses to clonidine are also characteristic of affective disorder patients, these results support other observations of a psychobiologic affinity between these two groups and are also compatible with an association between increased presynaptic noradrenergic activity and decreased post-synaptic receptor responsiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Neurological and neuropsychological studies of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

We studied 18 DSM-III diagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB), EEGs, and CT scans. Results for the group as a whole were within the normal range; however two patients had abnormal EEGs and four showed average impairment ratings on the HRB high enough to suggest organic deficits. More than half of the subjects were impaired on the tactual performance test from the HRB suggesting a possible deficit in spatial perception. These data, however, do not define a single neuropsychological deficit nor do they replicate an earlier report of left frontal lobe dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cerebral CT scans in ten patients, including all those with EEG and average impairment rating abnormalities, showed VBR, asymmetry, and sulcal prominence measures indistinguishable from a matched group of nonpsychiatric control subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Monoamine oxidase type A: differences in selectivity towards l-norepinephrine compared to serotonin.

l-Norepinephrine and serotonin have been regarded as preferential substrates for monoamine oxidase (MAO) type A. A close comparative examination of a number of tissues from different species, however, indicated the following differences. Serotonin was a more selective substrate for MAO-A, being inhibited by low concentrations (less than 10(-7) M) of the irreversible MAO-A inhibitor, clorgyline, more consistently and to a greater extent (80-100%) than was l-norepinephrine (30-85%). These serotonin-norepinephrine differences were greater in humans and other primates than in rodents. Serotonin also had a 2- to 4-fold smaller apparent Km for MAO-A than l-norepinephrine and was deaminated 2- to 5-fold more readily by MAO in vitro in most tissues. In contrast, the MAO-B in human platelets deaminated l-norepinephrine more readily than serotonin. Thus, l-norepinephrine, like dopamine, should be regarded as a substrate for both MAO-A and MAO-B in vitro. The prominent role of MAO-B in norepinephrine degradation in primates may need to be considered in interpreting laboratory and clinical studies of clorgyline and other selective MAO-inhibiting drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Preferential accumulation of lithium in the dense bodies of human platelets.

From 50 to 73% of the lithium contained in platelets of patients receiving oral therapy with lithium carbonate was released by brief thrombin treatment. Similarly, about 50% of the lithium in platelets of normal volunteers incubated with lithium chloride was thrombin-releasable. The data indicate that an amount of lithium approximately equal to 10% of the calcium content was sequestered in the dense bodies (amine storage organelles) of human platelets. Electron microprobe analysis of dense bodies suggests that the addition of lithium did not change the phosphorus content but produced a loss of about 10% of the dense-body calcium. Nevertheless, synthetic solid analogues of the dense-body core incubated with lithium chloride did not sequester lithium preferentially over potassium and failed to exchange calcium for lithium. Thus, the mechanism responsible for the observed changes in platelet dense bodies may be related to selective membrane permeability properties rather than to binding of lithium to nucleotides or pyrophosphate in the dense-body core.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1982

The relationship between blood and cerebrospinal fluid prolactin in nonhuman primates.

We studied the relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of prolactin (PRL) in repeated and simultaneous samples of blood and CSF from chair-restrained rhesus monkeys. Following administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), each of 4 monkeys showed increased plasma and lumbar CSF PRL concentrations. Increases in CSF PRL concentrations were muted and delayed until 60 min after peak plasma concentrations were attained. In 3 other monkeys we compared PRL concentrations in simultaneous lateral ventricular and lumbar CSF samples. ALthough we found no difference in PRL concentrations under baseline conditions, a ventricular-lumbar PRL concentration gradient became apparent after TRH stimulation. These studies demonstrate that changes in plasma PRL concentrations are reflected in CSF concentrations. They suggest that a significant blood-CSF barrier exists for PRL and the PRL may enter the CSF selectively via the ventricles.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Physiological effects of high dose naloxone administration to normal adults.

The intravenous bolus administration of high doses of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (in the mg./kg. range) to normal adults produced dose-dependent increases in systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate. No significant alterations in other physiological processes were found although there were trends for increases in oral temperature and pulse rate with increasing dose. These results suggest the involvement of an endogenous opioid system in the tonic regulation of human systolic blood pressure and respiration and the probable inadequacy of doses of naloxone previously utilized in human studies to effect complete blockade of endogenous opioid systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cardiovascular changes in response to selective monoamine oxidase inhibition in the rat.

Chronic (21 days) treatment with the selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A inhibitor clorgyline, but not with the MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl in pithed rats leads to increased blood pressure responses to sympathetic stimulation and intravenous tyramine, and to elevated unstimulated heart rates. No significant changes are observed in plasma catecholamine responses to sympathetic stimulation, nor in beta-adrenoreceptor numbers in heart ventricles. These findings suggest that the hypotensive effects of MAO inhibitors result from central nervous system rather than peripheral nervous system alterations.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Clorgyline. A new treatment for patients with refractory rapid-cycling disorder.

Five women with primary, major, bipolar affective disorder, characterized by rapid mood cycles and nonresponsiveness to conventional drug treatments, including lithium carbonate, were given low doses (2.5 to 10.0 mg/24 hr) of clorgyline, a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A. In four patients, clorgyline, along or in combination with lithium carbonate, prolonged the duration and lessened the severity of mood cycles. One patient experienced prolonged mania while receiving clorgyline therapy. Clorgyline-induced remissions have lasted from three to more than 12 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Selective and nonselective monoamine oxidase inhibitors: behavioral disturbances during their administration to depressed patients.

The occurrence of behavioral disturbances during four-week treatment of depressed patients with the nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, phenelzine sulfate (N = 14), the selective MAO-type A inhibitor, clorgyline (N = 12), and the partially selective MAO-type B inhibitor, pargyline hydrochloride (N = 13), was studied. Behavioral disturbances were encountered during treatment with each of the MAO-inhibiting drugs, with an overall incidence of 15% (six of 39 patients). All but one episode met criteria for mania or hypomania. Patients with bipolar illness experienced significantly greater incidences of behavioral disturbances in comparison with patients with unipolar illness (35.3% v 4.5%, respectively). The earliest latency to onset of a behavioral disturbances was 18 days, whereas the mean latencies were 22 to 26 days. Episodes of hypomania were observed after discontinuation of drug treatment in individual patients with unipolar and bipolar illness. Repeated MAO-inhibitor treatment, as part of a crossover study of clorgyline and pargyline, produced an increased severity of behavioral disturbances and a significantly shortened latency to onset.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Effort and cognition in depression.

Motor performance and cognitive function were examined in depressed patients and controls. Increasing severity of depression was strongly associated with decrements in performance in both motor and memory tasks. Greatest depression-related impairment was found on those cognitive and motor tasks that required sustained effort. We discuss these results in terms of a generalized deficit in the central motivational state of depressed individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Smooth pursuit eye tracking impairment: relation to other 'markers' of schizophrenia and psychologic correlates.

Smooth pursuit eye tracking impairment has been observed in the major psychoses, particularly schizophrenia. To understand better the relationship of smooth pursuit disruption to personality dispositions linked to psychiatric syndromes and to two other "marker variables" associated with psychosis (low platelet monoamine oxidase [MAO] activity and poor performance on the continuous performance task [CPT]), we studied the psychologic, biochemical, and psychophysiologic correlates of impaired smooth pursuit tracking in two nonpsychiatric patient populations. One sample consisted of 67 volunteers screened for extreme values in a distribution of platelet MAO activities, and the second included 29 volunteers screened for extreme scores on the CPT. An aggregate of about 5% of both samples showed clearly dysfunctional smooth pursuit. Eye tracking dysfunction did not seem to be related to either MAO or CPT performance in either study. Both studies were consistent in showing that subjects with impaired smooth pursuit eye tracking had a psychologic profile characterized particularly by social introversion.

Adolescent↗