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Biomedical subjects

D L Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to D L Cooper.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (timentin) in relation to renal function.

The disposition of coadministered ticarcillin (3 g/1.73 m2) and clavulanic acid (100 mg/1.73 m2) was examined after a 30-min infusion in 24 noninfected subjects with various degrees of renal function. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for the individual compounds were determined from plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates. All clearances (total, renal, and nonrenal) and urinary recoveries of unchanged drug were found to be linearly related to creatinine clearance (CLCR). The steady-state volume of distribution (9.9 and 12.9 liters for ticarcillin and clavulanic acid) approximated the extracellular fluid space and was not related to CLCR. The half-lives increased with reduced renal function and ranged from 56 to 392 min for ticarcillin and 26 to 266 min for clavulanic acid. The clearances of both drugs decreased proportionately with reduction in renal function, facilitating dosing adjustments based on CLCR. Calculations of expected steady-state maximum and minimum concentrations in plasma using constant doses and an extended dosing interval related to CLCR further rationalized use of the 30:1 drug combination ratio for all patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Myofacial pain dysfunction: analysis of 476 patients.

Myofacial Pain Dysfunction (MPD) is a musculoskeletal dysfunction involving malrelationship among the neuromuscular system, temporomandibular joints, and dental occlusion. The illness affects children and adults of all ages and both sexes. Patients complain of pain and/or dysfunction in the mandible, temporomandibular joints, ears, oral cavity, head, and neck. Electronic measurement of mandibular movement and associated muscle function now provide reproducible data with which the parameters of this illness and therapy can be designed and monitored. In this study, data are presented on 476 MPD patients. Included are statistics on the most commonly occurring symptoms, clinical examination findings, and electronic test data before and following treatment. The mandibular kinesiograph (MKG) is used to track mandibular movement and compare the natural dental occlusal position and a neuromuscularly balanced position of occlusion. Electromyography (EMG) is used to analyze the resting status of mandibular muscles and the functioning in the occlusal position. The data show a positive correlation between the clinical symptoms of MPD and unhealthy mandibular position at occlusion, accompanied by specific unhealthy muscle activity. There is a strong positive correlation between a therapeutic change in the dental occlusion to a neuromuscularly healthy position using a precision orthotic appliance and the relief of symptoms within 1 month as expressed by 88% of the patients. A similar correlation exists at 3 months and long-term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Temocillin concentrations in human tissues.

67 samples of 15 different tissues were obtained from 26 patients who were given an intravenous bolus dose of temocillin approximately 3 to 4 hours prior to surgery. 50 tissue samples were obtained from 19 patients who received 1g temocillin and 17 tissue samples were obtained from 7 patients who received 2g temocillin. The majority of tissue samples were removed 3 to 4 hours after administration of the drug and, at this time, group mean serum concentrations were 53.5 mg/L (1g doses) and 117.3 mg/L (2g doses). Mean tissue concentrations of 8 to 10 mg/kg were seen in muscle, liver and skin samples after 1g doses, and 18, 34 and 9 mg/kg, respectively, after 2g doses. Temocillin concentrations seen in the gallbladder were considerably higher than those in other tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in pediatric patients.

Pharmacokinetics of a parenteral formulation comprised of 5 parts of amoxicillin and 1 part of clavulanic acid were determined in 12 pediatric patients, 2 to 14 years of age. A single dose amounting to 25 mg of amoxicillin and 5 mg of clavulanic acid per kg of body weight was infused intravenously over 2 min. Mean plasma concentrations 5 min after dosing were 89.4 micrograms of amoxicillin per ml and 19.5 micrograms of clavulanic acid per ml. Terminal phase plasma half-lives were 1.2 and 0.8 h, respectively. The data acquired in this study indicate that amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are pharmacokinetically compatible. Moreover, taken with assessment of microbiological activities by others, the present data suggest that intravenous administration of 25 mg of amoxicillin plus 5 mg of clavulanic acid per kg every 6 h is a reasonable starting regimen for assessing the activity of the combined drug formulation in noninvasive childhood diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococci spp., Neisseria spp., Branhamella catarrhalis, and other susceptible organisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The evolution of alpha-fetoprotein and albumin. I. A comparison of the primary amino acid sequences of mammalian alpha-fetoprotein and albumin.

The amino acid sequence of mouse alpha-fetoprotein has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its mRNA and three chimeric plasmids containing overlapping segments of its cDNA. A comparison of the amino acid sequence with that of either human and bovine albumin reveals in each case a 32% conservation of primary sequence. In addition, using the regularly spaced positions of cystine bridges, a 2-dimensional structure was generated, which revealed the presence of 3 closely related domains within alpha-fetoprotein. The structures of these domains are identical with the triplicated domains previously observed in several mammalian albumins. These homologies lend strong circumstantial evidence to the proposal that these two proteins arose in evolution as the consequence of a duplication in a common tripartite ancestral gene.

Albumins↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of three different models of the copper T intrauterine contraceptive device.

A random sequential comparative study of three models of the Copper T intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) was undertaken in 1,792 women. For 7 months, the TCu 300 and TCu 220C were randomly inserted, and then the TCu 380A and 220C were randomly inserted for the next 12 months. The log-risk method of life-table analysis of event rates was performed at the end of each of the first 3 years of use of each device. The TCu 380A had the lowest pregnancy rate during each year of use, although the difference was not significant. At the end of each of the first 2 years, the TCu 300 was removed significantly less than the TCu 220C and TCu 380A for bleeding and pain. At the end of three years, the rates of removal for bleeding and pain for the TCu 380A and TCu 300 were similar and lower than that for the TCu 220C, but the overall difference was not significant. There were no differences among the devices for any other relevant use-related reasons. The TCu 380A was removed for other medical reasons significantly more frequently than the other devices at the end of 2 and 3 years. Adjusting for parity did not alter the results. The findings of this study suggest that the copper sleeves along the horizontal arms together with copper wire on the vertical arm in the TCu 380A model provide greater protection against intrauterine pregnancy, whereas the copper sleeves along the vertical arm as in the TCu 220C caused increased removals for bleeding and pain. The TCu 380A should be studied in a larger number of patients for a longer period of time to determine its clinical effectiveness. It may become the IUD of choice for all women irrespective of parity.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Polyadenylation of RNA in a cell-free system from mouse myeloma cells.

Isolated nuclei frommouse myeloma cells which were active in RNA synthesis did not synthesize detectable amounts of poly(A)-containing RNA. On addition of a soluble protein extract from crude nuclei, the highly purified nuclei synthesized significanamounts of poly(A)-containing RNA, as analyzed by chromatography on poly(U)-Sepharose. The poly(A) tract was totally synthesized de novo and was indistinguishable from poly(A) synthesized in vivo. Twenty per cent of the RNA polymerase II products were polyadenylated. More than 80% of the newly synthesized poly(A) was present on molecules at least partially transcribed in vitro. The transcription and polyadenylation reaction could be separated temporally and a portion (10%) of the polyadenylated RNA was released into the extra nuclear fraction. We conclude that this system carries out one RNA processing reaction, polyadenylation, faithfully.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1978

RNA synthesis in myeloma cells synchronized by isoleucine starvation.

Myeloma cells have been synchronized by isoleucine starvation. Changes in RNA synthetic rates as a result of starvation have been studied. The ability of isolated nuclei to synthesize RNA declines on starvation and increases subsequently on refeeding isoleucine. There is a coordinate drop in synthetic rate for all three polymerases both in vivo and in vitro. The chain elongation rate in vitro is the same in starved and normal cells, so the difference is in the number of active polymerases in vitro. However, the nuclei do not exactly parallel the state of the cell from which they were isolated, but the in vitro RNA synthesis increases more slowly than the in vivo RNA synthesis. There is no change in relative amounts of synthesis by the different RNA polymerases. The in vitro RNA product is similar in starved and growing cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1976

The Copper T 220C: a new long-acting copper intrauterine contraceptive device.

The Copper T(TCu) intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) has been found to be an effective method of contraception but has the disadvantage of needing periodic replacement due to loss of copper through dissolution and fragmentation of the copper wire. Modification of the Copper T to overcome this disadvantage involved substitution of copper sleeves for wire on the vertical arm and the addition of copper sleeves to the horizonal arms to give an effective surface area of 220 sq. mm. of copper and an estimated life span of 20 years. A randomized comparative study was undertaken in 999 women to determine if the new model performed as well as the wire-wound Copper T 300. Net cumulative first-event rates at one year were as follows: TCu 220C-pregnancy 0.9, expulsion 3.7, removal for pain or bleeding 14.4; TCu 300-pregnancy 1.1, expulsion 3.1, removal for pain or bleeding 9.3. None of the differences in event rates were significant. If long-term follow-up confirms these findings, this new long-lasting copper intrauterine device could become the IUD of choice for all women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Gonorrhea screening program in a women's hospital outpatient department: results and analysis of risk factors.

Endocervical cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae were taken from 4,285 new patients attending the emergency room and outpatient clinics at Women's Hospital, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center. Of these, 144 (3.4%) were positive. Clinic-specific rates were: emergency room 9.0%, family planning clinic 2.3%, therapeutic abortion clinic 2.2%, and prenatal clinic 1.0%. An additional 70 return patients were cultured because of history, symptoms, or signs suggestive of gonorrhea; 14% of these "nonscreen" cultures were positive. Rates for the emergency room and nonscreen category were significantly greater than rates from the clinics. A questionnaire was used to determine patient characteristics in an attempt to identify a high-risk population. Variables of age, race, marital status, history of previous veneral disease or pelvic infection, number of sexual partners, and suspicion of venereal disease were significantly related to the incidence of positive cultures. Obstetrical history and symptoms of cramping or discharge were not related.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1975

Clinical study of a progesterone-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device.

A double-blind clinical study was performed to determine whether the release of progesterone from an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) had any effect on IUD event rates. A total of 101 women received intrauterine contraceptive devices containing progesterone, resulting in the accumulation of 877 women-months experience; 100 women received IUD's without steroid, resulting in the accumulation of 780 women-months. The only significant difference was a higher incidence of pregnancy in those patients using devices which did not contain progesterone.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Randomized comparative study of the copper T 300, Dalkon shield, and Shell Loop in parous women.

A randomized comparative study of the Copper T 300, the standard Dalkon Shield and the Silicone Shell Loop D was conducted on 776 parous women. Net cumulative first event rates at 1 year and at 18 months, calculated by life-table analysis, were as follows: Copper T 300--pregnancy 1.2/1.9, expulsion 6.4/7.0, removal for pain or bleeding 7.4/10.8; Dalkon Shield--pregnancy 2.7/4.5, expulsion 5.8/5.8, removal for pain or bleeding 7.7/14.7; Shell Loop--pregnancy 3.8/4.9, expulsion 0.5/0.5, removal for pain or bleeding 9.1/13.1. None of the differences in event rates, except the lower expulsion rate of the Shell Loop, were significant. The continuation rates for the three devices at both 12 and 18 months were similar, indicating that there was little difference in their performance. As the results of this study showed a similarity of the incidence of events among very differently disigned IUD's, previously reported differences in performance of these and possibly other types of IUD's may very likely be more related to differences among clinics than to differences among the devices themselves.

Adolescent↗