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Biomedical subjects

D L Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to D L Cohen.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular aspects of inflammatory and immune responses in Alzheimer's disease.

Recent advances indicate numerous molecular and cellular elements of the immune system are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta protein deposition induces many molecules associated with a predominantly local inflammatory response within the brain parenchyma. These responses also provoke the release of immune system mediators including cytokines, which all seem largely to be produced by reactive cells such as astrocytes and microglia. Classical acute phase proteins of the pentraxin and serine protease inhibitor (serpin) families as well as a host of complement proteins and some coagulation factor seem the most intrinsically involved. These secreted molecules display variable binding with the amyloidotic lesions. Although our understanding of the molecular specificity and significance of the interaction of these proteins within the lesions is not replete, the development of unique inhibitors of the inflammatory reactions could provide therapeutic strategies to impede the pathogenetic process. Currently, this appears a more viable option than to inhibit amyloid beta production or modify amyloid beta precursor protein processing, an approach which seems more complex.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The variability of overnight urinary albumin excretion in insulin-dependent diabetic and normal subjects.

The variability of overnight urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) and albumin to creatinine ratio was assessed in eight normal subjects and two groups of insulin-dependent diabetic patients divided on the basis of an initial overnight urinary albumin excretion rate below (n = 15) or above (n = 12) 30 micrograms/min. The latter group is known to be at risk of developing clinical diabetic nephropathy. An albumin to creatinine ratio of 2.6 and above identified all patients with an initial albumin excretion rate greater than 30 micrograms/min. The mean of the coefficients of variation, calculated from five successive overnight urine collections, for all subjects was 38% for albumin excretion rate and 37% for albumin to creatinine ratio. There was no significant difference in the variation of albumin excretion rate and albumin to creatinine ratio within or between the groups. Subsequent AERs from diabetics with an initial rate greater than 30 micrograms/min changed category more often (chi 2 = 11.9, p less than 0.001) than those from diabetics with lower initial rates and normal subjects. This was due to four subjects with initial values close to the cut-off level, whose subsequent values varied around it. Albumin excretion rates in normal subjects never exceeded 11 micrograms/min. Whether a patient's risk status is influenced by the degree of variation of albumin excretion rate around a risk level, or whether the classification of risk is improved by multiple collections, awaits testing in prospective subjects.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A controlled study of the effect of computer-aided analysis of home blood glucose monitoring on blood glucose control.

A 6-month study of the effects on blood glucose control of computer-aided analysis of glucose self-monitoring results was performed. Eighteen clinically insulin-dependent patients were ranked in order of haemoglobin A1 and randomly allocated in consecutive pairs to either a conventional group, using diaries to record self-monitoring meter-read results, or a memory group using meters with inbuilt memories which were linked to a computer at each visit for the analysis of self-monitoring results. There was a significant decline in haemoglobin A1 (p less than 0.001) and fructosamine (p = 0.002) over the 6-month period in the whole population but there was no difference between the study groups. The absolute or percentage changes in haemoglobin A1 and fructosamine did not correlate significantly with any of the patient characteristics examined. The memory system was popular with the patients. At present no benefit in terms of blood glucose control from such systems has been demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

U.S. Food Guide Pyramid food group intake by Asian Indian immigrants in the U.S.

This study examined the food group intake and the dietary quality of middle-aged and older Gujarati Asian Indian immigrants (45 years or older) living in two urban metropolitan areas in the U.S. Participants (90 men, 99 females) completed a 24-hour dietary recall, which was used to determine if they met the daily food group intake guidelines of the U.S. Food Guide Pyramid. The overall quality of their reported dietary intake was determined using the Healthy Eating Index based on their nutrient and food group intake. Both men and women met the daily number of servings recommendations for the grains (men: 9.3 servings/day; women: 6.9 servings/day) and vegetables (men: 4.5 servings/day; women: 3.6 servings/day) groups, but did not meet the recommendations for fruits, dairy and meats groups. The total score on the Healthy Eating Index of the diets of these participants was 73, indicative of a dietary intake that does not meet the established U.S. dietary guidelines. These immigrants should be educated about appropriate food choices (ethnic and non-ethnic) within each of the U.S. Food Guide Pyramid food groups to improve the overall quality of their dietary intakes.

Dairy Products↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treating thrombotic complications in patients with primary intracerebral haemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: To find out how physicians would manage thrombotic complications in patients with primary intracerebral haemorrhage. DESIGN: Fifty-six participants at a British Geriatrics Society session on stroke were asked to state on a self-completion question sheet how they would manage two hypothetical cases. RESULTS: There was support for a wide range of treatments but no consensus on how to treat patients with life-threatening thrombosis after cerebral haemorrhage.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗