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Biomedical subjects

D L Antonson

Publications and source records attributed to D L Antonson.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

A rapid procedure for small intestinal biopsy in infants and children.

A steerable small bowel biopsy apparatus was evaluated in 56 infants and children over a 15-mo period. A mean time of only 6 min was required to obtain small bowel biopsies. Biopsies were successfully obtained in 92% of patients on the first attempt; repeat attempts were successful in all cases. No complications were encountered. The steerable biopsy tube appears to be a safe and effective means of obtaining small bowel biopsies rapidly in infants and children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Variation in liver histology in Alagille's syndrome.

A previously undescribed variation in liver histology was observed in association with syndromatic neonatal jaundice, otherwise known as Alagille's syndrome. While hepatic ductular hypoplasia is thought to be characteristic of this disorder, we observed a patient who had all of the characteristic morphological features of Alagille's syndrome but whose liver biopsy demonstrated marked ductular proliferation more characteristic of biliary atresia. This histological feature has not been previously reported with Alagille's syndrome and hepatic ductular hypoplasia can no longer be considered characteristic of syndromatic neonatal jaundice.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

Effect of improved absorption on development of jejunoileal bypass-induced liver dysfunction in rats.

Jejunoileal bypasses were performed in rats to determine the effect of improved absorption on the development of liver dysfunction occurring after this procedure. Several parameters of liver function were measured in rats 7 weeks after both the standard 85% small-bowel bypass and an 80% bypass in which an extra 5 cm of intact bowel was retained. Animals having undergone 80% bypass had a lesser degree of lowering of serum protein and triglyceride levels, hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity than did the animals undergoing 85% bypass. Abnormalities found in 85% bypass animals were only partially reproduced by reducing food intake in another group of 80% bypassed animals. These findings emphasize the importance of nutritional factors in the etiology of bypass-induced liver disease and militate against toxin production in the defunctionalized bowel as the sole cause of liver dysfunction following bypass.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of somatostatin on the intestinal transport of glucose in vivo and in vitro in the rat.

The possibility that somatostatin has a direct inhibitory effect on intestinal D-glucose absorption was studied in rats using intact intestinal loops and everted jejunal segments. Somatostatin infusion in vivo produced a significant fall in plasma glucose concentration (P less than 0.001) and a fall in pooled plasma insulin concentration to 51% of control values. However, somatostatin infusion did not alter significantly from control values the rate of glucose disappearance from the perfused jejunal lumen in vivo or the appearance of gut-derived plasma glucose. The lack of an inhibitory effect of somatostatin on glucose absorption in vivo was confirmed using two in vitro studies. When increasing concentrations of somatostatin (0-10(4) ng/ml-1) were added to both mucosal and serosal solutions, no significant differences were seen for net transmural flux or unidirectional flux of D-glucose in everted jejunal segments. These studies suggest that somatostatin in the rat does not influence plasma glucose concentration by inhibiting intestinal glucose transport at physiological concentrations of glucose and over a wide range of somatostatin concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Determination of the site of zinc absorption in rat small intestine.

We have studied net uptake of zinc from segments of rat duodenum, jejunum, and ileum using in vivo intestinal perfusion. We have also evaluated the effect of pancreatic and bile secretions on duodenal zinc absorption. Segments of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and duodenum with bile and pancreatic duct obstruction, 10 cm in length, were studied in six rats each. Percentage absorption of zinc as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotomety was greater from the ileum (60.1%) when compared to duodenum (19.1%) or jejunum (20.2%). Exclusion of bile and pancreatic secretions from the lumen increased zinc absorption in the duodenum (32.0%). Postperfusion mucosal zinc content comprised 29.0% of absorbed zinc from jejunum, 7.4% from ileum, 5.2% from duodenum, and 2.7% from duodenum with bile and pancreatic duct obstructed, indicating rapid transport of zinc across epithelial cells after uptake from the duodenum and ileum. Our data indicate that the ileum has the greatest capacity for zinc absorption.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal abnormalities with central nervous system malignancy.

Two anorectic, emaciated infants with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are reported. Diagnosis in each case was delayed, because computed tomography of the head was initially falsely negative, and because primary gastroenterologic illness was suggested by the presence of mild inflammation and villous atrophy of the small intestine. This experience indicates that the diagnosis of CNS neoplasm must be aggressively pursued in cachectic infants who refuse to eat, regardless of the results of the initial radiologic studies. Mild histologic abnormalities of the small intestine that may be present in infants with brain tumors probably represent a nonspecific response to starvation and, if unassociated with malabsorption, should not be considered the cause of illness.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Failure of blind small bowel biopsy in the diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia.

A case of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is presented in which multiple blind peroral jejunal biopsies were unable to document any abnormality, despite strongly suggestive clinical history and radiographic findings. Endoscopically directed biopsy was necessary to document the characteristic pathologic lesion. This report documents the importance of endoscopy in the diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia when clinical history is suggestive of intestinal lymphangiectasia but standard small bowel biopsy fails to show any abnormality.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liver transplantation therapy for children: Part 2.

End-stage liver disease affects nearly 300 children annually in the United States. Based upon the annual birth rate in the United States of 3.1 million, the incidence of the most prominent causes of liver disease in children (biliary atresia, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson's disease, and neonatal hepatitis), and the frequency of end-stage liver disease in each disorder. Liver transplantation now offers these children at least a 65%, and in some series as high as 85%, chance of surviving at least 2 years postoperatively. Much of this improvement is attributable to advances in immunosuppression. However, one must not underestimate the importance of the tremendous knowledge that has been gained in the care of a large number of these patients over the last decade. The major barriers standing in the way of wider application of liver transplantation include the reluctance of primary care physicians to refer patients for early consideration, the growing crisis in the availability of donor organs, and the lack of adequate numbers of centers involved in performing adequate numbers of procedures. The major hurdles to overcome in order to affect further improvements in results include more specific immunosuppression, more accurate means of diagnosing rejection, better techniques of organ preservation, and further optimization of the care of both candidates preoperatively and recipients after transplantation.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of high percentage medium-chain triglyceride diet on mucosal adaptation following massive bowel resection in rats.

Patients undergoing massive small bowel resection for a variety of conditions develop severe nutrient malabsorption which gradually improves through mucosal hyperplasia in the remaining small intestine. Following massive small bowel resection, patients are generally fed elemental diets, often containing high concentrations of medium-chain triglycerides. We evaluated the effect of high percentage medium-chain triglyceride feeding on mucosal adaptation following massive small bowel resection in rats. Twenty 150-g Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60% jejunoileal resection. Another 20 animals received sham operations. One-half of each group were fed a diet containing 83% of the fat as medium-chain triglycerides, the remainder were fed a diet containing 40% medium-chain triglycerides. Animals were pair-fed for 2 wk and subsequently killed. The remaining bowel was removed and unidirectional glucose and leucine uptake were measured using isolated sacs. Mucosal wet weight, protein, and sucrase content were determined. Animals fed medium-chain triglycerides demonstrated decreased mucosal weight in the proximal bowel, decreased mucosal sucrase activity in the proximal bowel, and decreased mucosal leucine uptake in the distal bowel. While medium-chain triglycerides offer an advantage to patients with short bowel syndrome because they are easily absorbed, they may not stimulate the same degree of mucosal adaptation following resection as long-chain triglyceride feedings.

Adaptation, Physiological↗