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Biomedical subjects

D Kline

Publications and source records attributed to D Kline.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Nerve allograft response: a quantitative immunological study.

The nerve allograft response between closely and distantly related inbred strains of rats was investigated. Lewis rats (RTl1) and Fischer rats (RTl1) have only minor histocompatibility differences, whereas Buffalo rats (RTlb) and ACI rats (RTla) differ from Lewis rats at the major histocompatibility locus. Lewis rats served as the recipient animals; the other three strains of rats provided donor nerves. The 51 Cr release cytotoxicity assay was used to asses antigen recognition. The results showed sensitization with ACI and Buffalo nerves as early as Day 8. When the donor and recipient were matched (Lewis/Fischer), sensitization occurred very late (Day 80). By contrast, with skin allografts, sensitization occurred early with all strains (Day 10), even when the animals differed only at the minor histocompatibility loci. Histological changes were similar in all three donor strains (Fischer, Buffalo, ACI). The strain of origin of the nerve could not be deduced by an unbiased examiner.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Aging and visual function of military pilots: a review.

This report reviews what is known about the effects of age on visual function and discusses the implications of age-related changes in vision for the flying performance of military pilots. Most visual functions decline to some degree with age, and the rate of decline has been roughly characterized in the general population. There is, however, virtually no data on military pilots, and extrapolation from the general population requires caution. Individual variation in the effects of age is great, and military pilots are a select group presumably in better general health than the general population. Several visual functions that decline with age seem particularly relevant to pilot performance: contrast sensitivity, dynamic acuity, recovery from glare, function under low illumination, and information processing. Vision examinations currently given to military and commercial pilots do not measure these visual functions. The feasibility of supplementing existing vision examinations with measurements of these functions should be explored; such an assessment should consider both research issues and policy implications. Research is needed on several major problems in this area. It is not possible at present to characterize well the effect of changes in visual function on the performance of complex tasks, such as flying. This report suggests several specific measures that might help characterize the effects of changes in visual function on pilot performance. Data on changes in visual functions with age should be collected from military pilots, preferably with multivariate, longitudinally designed studies. Research is suggested to assess the extent to which experienced pilots may compensate for declining visual functions and to determine how such compensation is achieved. The report suggests studies on the interaction of age with other factors, such as cardiovascular changes, that may affect performance, especially under stress.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1980

Early changes following injection injury of peripheral nerves.

Using light and electron microscopy and a fluorescent tracer technique, the authors have studied various aspects of injection injuries to nerves in an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiology of this condition and to help establish a rational basis for treatment. In 72 animals 144 nerve injections were carried out, using five drugs in current use and commonly administered by intramuscular injection. The nerves were examined at varying times (10 minutes to 10 weeks) following injection. Pathological alterations in the nerve were evident as early as 30 minutes after injection. The mechanism of injury appears to be a direct neurotoxic effect on the nerve fibre-both axon and Schwann cell-with a breakdown in the blood-nerve barrier.

Animals↗