Two experiments, one comparing nuclear transfer (NT) embryo activation compounds, the other donor cell treatments, were conducted with a goal of identifying factors that improve the in vitro development of cloned bovine embryos. In experiment 1, 539 NT embryos were produced by combining serum starved bovine fetal fibroblasts with enucleated in vitro matured oocytes, activated with ionomycin, then randomly allocated to be incubated for 4 hours in either Butyrolactone-I (BL-I) or 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP). There was no significant difference in development to blastocyst or compact morula of fused embryos at Day 6.5 between BL-I and DMAP activated embryos (22.4% vs. 20.2%; p = 0.18). Karyotyping of 20 blastocysts and compact morula from each group determined that 65% of BL1 and 63% of DMAP embryos were diploid with the remainder mixoploid (2n + 4n). In Experiment 2, the development of 389 NT embryos reconstructed from either serum starved or serum fed fetal fibroblasts was assessed. More Day 7 blastocysts and compact morula developed in the serum starved group (34.5% vs. 18.8%; p = 0.008). To verify the viability of BL-I activated embryos, 10 blastocytes from experiment 2 were transferred into 4 recipient cows. Two morphologically normal fetuses, genetically identical to the original fetal cell line, were surgically recovered at day 45 of gestation. In summary, serum starvation of bovine fetal fibroblasts prior to NT significantly improved development to blastocyst. Additionally, we have shown that BL-I is a novel alternative compound for use in combination with ionomycin to activate NT embryos.

4-Butyrolactone↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cross-cultural comparison of the concerns of beginning baccalaureate nursing students.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The giant ulcer of the stomach. Notes concerning 30 cases (author's transl)].

The giant stomach ulcer can be defined as a crater measuring more than 30 mm in diameter. This variety of stomach ulcer represents 10-15% of the whole range of gastric ulcers, but they are not quite different from the nosologic point of view. It appears effectively that no etiopathogenic clinical or evolving particular factors can distinguish this kind of ulcer from the niches of normal size. To be taken into consideration is the risk of transforming into cancer which is multiplied by 3 or 5 times when compared with normal stomach ulcers, whence the importance of the endoscopy with many biopsies. In spite of the endoscopy the percentage of error is 5%, this is the reason for which, when in doubt, the more or less extensive gastric resection of the total gastrectomy is required with even more necessity then in normal cases of ulcers.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Adenocarcinoma developing from an ileal diverticulum. Apropos of a case].

The rare case is reported of a cylindrical cell epithelioma developing in the base of an ileal diverticulum. This infrequent association was further complicated by the fact that the patient was in the early stages of Kahler's disease. After presentation of the case the literature on ileojejunal adenocarcinoma associated with small intestine diverticula is reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hartmann's operation. Results in 96 cases and present indications].

The results of 96 Hartmann's operations performed over a period of 10 years are analyzed. Surgery was indicated for cancer in 72 p. cent of cases, the objective being palliative treatment in one ouf of two patients, for perforating necrotizing lesions of the colon in 11 p. cent, and for complications of sigmoid diverticulitis in 7 p. cent. Emergency intervention was necessary in 41 p. cent of cases. Overall mortality was 19 p. cent, half of these being related to the original lesion and the other half to complications due to the primary peritonitis. Re-establishment of intestinal continuity was possible in 15 p. cent of patients, must of whom had been operated upon initially for benign lesions. Postoperative mortality was nil in this group. Hartmann's operation should be employed mainly when abdominoperineal and anterior rectal resections are contraindicated. It is principally indicated for palliative treatment of rectal or rectosigmoid cancers, and for benign or malignant tumors with colonic sceptical complications.

Adult↗