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Biomedical subjects

D Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to D Kaplan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Inappropriate patient sexual behaviour in physiotherapy practice: a qualitative analysis of questionnaire comments.

It has been reported that over 80% of physiotherapists and physiotherapy students have experienced inappropriate patient sexual behaviour (IPSB). This paper reports the results of a qualitative analysis of written comments respondents made to four open-ended questions that were part of a survey on IPSB. Quantitative analyses of the responses to the remainder of the questions have been reported previously. The objectives of this study were to determine the content required for educational programs and to explore the strategies and suggestions respondents have made relevant to IPSB. A questionnaire was sent to 118 physiotherapists and 87 physiotherapy students. Completed questionnaires were returned by over 70% in each group. The questions asking for comments on how respondents have learned to deal with IPSB and what information about IPSB is important for in-service and undergraduate education were coded into themes to characterize the responses. Respondents described their experiences with IPSB, identified the knowledge areas that they consider to be important, emphasized the importance of prevention, getting and giving support, the specific ways that they have learned to cope, and the skills to handle IPSB. This emphasized the importance of a comprehensive educational strategy to respond to IPSB.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Infection and immunoregulation of T lymphocytes by parainfluenza virus type 3.

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) is a major cause of disease in newborns and infants. It also has a striking potential to reinfect individuals throughout their lives, suggesting that HPIV3 does not induce lifelong immunity; however, the operative mechanism for the failure to prevent reinfection is not known. We have assessed the potential of the virus to infect nontransformed human T lymphocytes and have found that T cells are readily infected by the virus. Productive infection requires activation of the T cells and results in a marked inhibition of proliferation. Furthermore, our results indicate that exposure to the virus, even without overt expression of viral proteins as detected by immunohistology, profoundly alters the functional capacity of the T cells. The capacity of the virus to regulate T-lymphocyte function may play an important role in the failure of the virus to induce lifelong immunity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Estrogen modulates parathyroid hormone-induced fibronectin production in human and rat osteoblast-like cells.

Fibronectin (FN) is an important constituent of the extracellular matrix in bone. Its hormonal regulation in this tissue has not been extensively studied. We, therefore, examined the effects of PTH, estrogen, and transforming growth factor beta on the production of FN by human and rat osteoblast-like cells. Confluent cells were stabilized for 48 h under estrogen-replete (10(-9) M 17 beta-estradiol) conditions and then continued under these same conditions or withdrawn from estrogen for varying periods of time. PTH over the range 10(-11)-(10(-8) M caused a dose-dependent increase in FN production [P < 0.001 by analysis of variance (ANOVA)] such that at the highest dose, FN production was increased 11-fold. Estrogen withdrawal for 96 h caused a significant diminution in PTH-induced FN production (P < 0.005 by two-way ANOVA). Estrogen withdrawal over the of period 48-144 h caused a progressive diminution in PTH-induced FN production such that differences in mean values for estrogen-replete vs. deficient conditions were greater at 144 than 48 h (P < 0.05). The estrogen effect was titratable over the range 10(-11)-10(-9) M, and the inactive congener 17 alpha-estradiol failed to prevent the inhibitory effect of estrogen withdrawal on PTH-induced FN production. Interestingly, estrogen withdrawal had absolutely no effect on transforming growth factor-beta-induced FN production. Northern analysis demonstrated no effect of PTH on steady-state FN messenger RNA levels in Saos-2 cells under either estrogen-replete or estrogen-deficient conditions, suggesting that PTH effects an increase in FN production via a posttranscriptional mechanism in these cells. We conclude that PTH stimulates FN production in human and rat osteoblast-like cells, and under estrogen-deficient conditions this effect is significantly diminished. The modulatory effect of estrogen is not a universal phenomenon because transforming growth factor-beta-induced FN production is unaffected by estrogen withdrawal.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Clomipramine ameliorates adventitious movements and compulsions in prepubertal boys with autistic disorder and severe mental retardation.

In an open, nonblind clinical trial, clomipramine reduced adventitious movements and compulsions in five previously medicated prepubertal boys with autistic disorder and severe mental retardation. Poorly adapted rating scales, interrater variability, subject heterogeneity, different treatment histories, and environmental stresses confounded the assessment of treatment effects.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Identification of the neurotrophin receptors p75 and trk in a series of Wilms' tumors.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor (WT) are poorly understood, although a variety of growth factors including platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor are expressed and are thought to contribute to tumor development. In earlier studies, WT cells in culture were found to express the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor, p75. These WT cells were capable of responding to the neurotrophin (NT) NGF, suggesting that NT may be involved in WT pathogenesis. We have examined a group of WT immunohistochemically with antibodies recognizing known trk receptor proteins, the p75 receptor, and the NTs, NGF and NT-3. Confirmatory immunoprecipitation and Western blots were then performed on representative WT samples from the study group. The p75 receptor was found predominantly in the epithelial and blastemal components where high levels of NT were also identified. The trk A and B receptors were primarily within stromal components, whereas the trk C and C' receptors were present within epithelial structures. Western blot analyses confirmed the presence of the respective receptor proteins with variations correlating in some cases with histological type. The selective presence of NT receptors and growth factors in this series of WT implies autocrine/paracrine mechanisms for tumor development.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1993

Evidence for enhanced expression of c-fos, c-jun, and the Ca(2+)-activated neutral protease in rat liver following carbon tetrachloride administration.

The effects of CCl4 on hepatic c-fos and c-jun gene expression were examined, and the correspondence between intermediate-early gene expression and the expression of the Ca(2+)-activated neutral proteinase (mu and mCANP) characterized. Administration of CCl4 to rats resulted in a pronounced dose- and time-dependent increase in c-jun and c-fos mRNA levels (approximately 8 to 17-fold) as detected by either Northern blot or RT-PCR analyses. The expression of mu and mCANP following CCl4 treatment was monitored by Northern blot analysis and mu and mCANP mRNA levels were found to be elevated approximately 5- to 15-fold over the time period of 18 to 24 h. Experiments were performed to determine whether the Fos-Jun heterodimeric AP-1 transcription factor complex bound the AP-1-like binding motif present in the mCANP gene. Gel retardation assays using hepatic nuclear extracts from CCl4-treated animals revealed binding of a protein to the AP-1-like motif present in the mCANP gene and competition and supershift assays confirmed the specificity of AP-1 transcription factor binding. These results show that CANP gene expression is enhanced in response to oxidative cellular damage and that the AP-1 complex may be involved in the regulation of CANP gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Amygdala atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. An in vivo magnetic resonance imaging study.

OBJECTIVES: To study the ability of magnetic resonance imaging to measure the volume of the amygdala and detect amygdala atrophy in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study and "blind" measurements. SETTING: Subjects were ambulatory outpatients selected from an institutional practice in Paris, France. PATIENTS: We studied 11 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease according to National Institute of Neurologic and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as six age-matched control subjects. INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A 1.5-T magnetic resonance imager was used to acquire the images. Two neuroradiologists independently and blindly measured the volume of the right and left amygdalas on high-resolution contiguous slices. In addition, other cerebral structures, ie, the sylvian fissures, temporal lobes, lateral and third ventricles, corpus callosum, and hippocampal formation, were measured on a single slice. RESULTS: The values obtained by the two observers correlated highly (r = .90), and interrater variability was 13%. The Alzheimer's disease group showed significant (33%, P < .0001) atrophy of the amygdala when compared with the control group. The other structures showed less variation. CONCLUSION: Significant amygdala atrophy can be detected in vivo in patients with early Alzheimer's disease by means of standard magnetic resonance imaging. This technique may be useful in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P protein family: classification and antigenicity.

The multi-copy ribosomal P proteins have been identified on the ribosomes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and their antigenicity is an important feature of human Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In this review, Mariano Levin, Martin Vazquez, Dan Kaplan and Alejandro Schijman give a rational basis for the classification of these proteins, and discuss their inter-relationship.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Experiences of student and practicing physical therapists with inappropriate patient sexual behavior.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the extent to which practicing physical therapists and physical therapy students have reported experiencing inappropriate patient sexual behavior (IPSB), (2) to document the consequences of IPSB, and (3) to identify the strategies the subjects have used to manage IPSB. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A survey questionnaire was sent to 118 physical therapists and 87 physical therapy students. Completed questionnaires were returned by 74.1% of the subjects (over 70% in each group). RESULTS: The majority of respondents (80.9%) reported having encountered some level of IPSB. Although almost half of the physical therapists and one third of the third- and fourth-year students reported experiencing severe IPSB, including forceful sexual touching and deliberate sexual exposure, only 20% of the respondents perceived that they had been "sexually barassed." Most of the respondents were satisfied with the way in which they handled the IPSB; however, almost 90% considered that in-service and undergraduate education would be desirable. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: It is concluded that this problem should be addressed by further study with a broader sample and by inclusion of these issues in education programs for students and physical therapists.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Humoral autoimmune response in Chagas' disease: Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal antigens as immunizing agents.

Molecular expression cloning techniques have revealed that patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease (cChHD) present a strong humoral response against the cloned C-terminal portions of the four Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P proteins TcP1, TcP2 alpha (TcP2b), TcP2 beta (TcPJL5), and TcP0. This protein family presents several features that may be important in the immunopathology of Chagas disease. Their exposed location on the ribosome, and the amplification of their parasite-specific, Ser free C-terminal domain, generate a strong anti-parasite P response that may induce anti-P autoimmunity. Evidences indicate that the serological pattern of the anti-P response from chagasic patients may be the consequence of a chronic immunization with T. cruzi ribosomal antigens.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Bronchoscopic diathermy resection and stent insertion: a cost effective treatment for tracheobronchial obstruction.

BACKGROUND: Major airways obstruction is a distressing cause of morbidity and mortality. For disease that is extensive and recurrent, there is a need for a safe and cost effective technique for palliation. METHODS: The results of 29 patients with tracheobronchial obstruction (24 malignant and five benign) treated by diathermy resection alone or in combination with endobronchial stenting have been reviewed. RESULTS: The major site of obstruction was the trachea in 14, main carina in seven, right main bronchus in six, and left main bronchus in two patients. Fifteen had received other forms of treatment beforehand including external radiotherapy, endoscopic dilatation, and laser resection (Nd:YAG). Five patients required two or more treatment sessions for symptom recurrence. Ten patients also received additional treatment with a stent (nine) or insertion of gold grains (one). There were no intraoperative deaths or complications and the average length of stay was five days (range 2-14). Twenty eight patients reported immediate symptomatic relief, and objective improvement in the results of lung function tests was seen in eight patients whose condition was less acute and where preoperative lung function tests could be undertaken (average improvement in FEV1 of 53.1% and in FVC of 20.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Bronchoscopic diathermy resection is an effective and safe method for relieving the symptoms of tracheobronchial obstruction at appreciably less cost than laser resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prenatal screening and its impact on persons with disabilities.

This paper examines and describes the perspective of persons with disabilities regarding the policy implications of prenatal screening. The most troubling, and controversial, aspect is when screening results in selective abortion. Persons with disabilities have a unique perspective on both sides of the public argument over abortion. The most common reasons given for selective abortions because of disability are based on assumptions that have, mostly, not been affirmed or refuted through research. The impact of the availability of prenatal testing on public attitudes about disability and practices towards disabled persons should be explored. Additional input from disabled people is needed.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1993

The chronic presence of the parasite, and anti-P autoimmunity in Chagas disease: the Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P proteins, and their recognition by the host immune system.

Molecular expression cloning techniques revealed that patients with the severest clinical form of Chagas disease, chronic Chagas heart disease, presented a strong humoral response against the cloned C-terminal portion of a Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P protein. Parasite P antigens identification led to characterize the ribosomal P protein system in T. cruzi. Their exposed location on the ribosome, and the "amplification" of their parasite specific, serine free C-terminal domain, generate a strong parasite specific anti-P response, that in certain cases may induce anti-P autoimmunity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Time series analysis of complex dynamics in physiology and medicine.

A variety of mathematical methods have been developed to characterize complex rhythms that are observed in physiological systems. These methods include classical techniques such as the mean, standard deviation, and power spectrum, as well as newer methods suggested by nonlinear dynamics including the dimension, Lyapunov number, and entropy. This paper reviews the various ways in which these measures have been applied to analyze physiological dynamics with emphasis on the potential advantages and pitfalls of the various approaches. We conclude that these methods may be useful to help characterize complex time series, but only rarely is it possible to use these methods to establish deterministic chaos in a given time series.

Animals↗