Biomedical subjects

D K Das

Publications and source records attributed to D K Das.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Pathophysiology of superoxide radical as potential mediator of reperfusion injury in pig heart.

The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in myocardial reperfusion injury was studied using the isolated in situ pig heart model. The free radical scavengers, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, protected the ischemic pig heart subjected to one hour of normothermic regional ischemia followed by one hour of global hypothermic arrest and one hour normothermic reperfusion. A significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive material and oxidized glutathione appeared in the perfusate demonstrating free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation during reperfusion, and this was prevented by the addition of SOD plus catalase. The values of three important antioxidative enzymes, SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, showed reduced activities after 2 hours of ischemia. These values did not change significantly after 60 minutes of reperfusion following the 2 hours ischemic insult. The concentrations of high-energy phosphate compounds including creatine phosphate (CP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and total adenine nucleotide were reduced significantly during ischemia and reperfusion in hearts which were not protected by SOD and catalase. The plasma creatine phosphokinase levels were lowered appreciably as a result of SOD and catalase treatment. It may be concluded from these experiments that oxygen-derived free radicals are present during reperfusion and SOD and catalase play a significant role in the protection of ischemic myocardium from reperfusion injury.

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Knowledge and attitude of the Bangladeshi rural mothers regarding breastfeeding and weaning.

Two hundred and forty two mothers in 7 villages of Narayanganj district, Bangladesh were interviewed to assess their knowledge and attitude regarding breastfeeding and weaning using pretested questionnaires, though 83.5% mothers knew that colostrum is good for the child, less than 8 percent of them gave it as the first food to their babies. Most mothers did not have the correct knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding and the appropriate time for introduction of weaning foods; and only 3% of them knew how to prepare proper weaning foods. The mean score of knowledge of the mothers was only 4 +/- 1.7 out of 10, indicating the need for nutrition education in this area.

Bangladesh↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Infant feeding practices in rural Bangladesh.

A longitudinal study was done on the infant feeding practices in a rural area. One hundred and ten infants were followed up from birth to 1 year of age by alternate day home visits, to inquire about the type of food, and frequency of consuming it. It was found that 100% mothers breast-fed their infants from birth to 1 year, almost every day. But, bottles containing various kinds of milk and starchy food were added to 60% of infants diets by 3 months, and 80% by 5 months of age. This additional food was given mostly in diluted form, which was more so in case of tinned milk. Family food such as rice and vegetables were given in 30% and 40% child days respectively from 6 months to 1 year. Rural people withhold protein food and fruits during infancy. It is concluded, that infant feeding practices in our population is improper and mothers should, therefore, be trained and motivated on weaning practices for timely and adequate supplementation to ameliorate the presently observed dietary deficiency and early malnutrition in rural Bangladesh.

Bangladesh↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Identification and characterization of plasmalogen fatty acids in swine heart.

Reperfusion of ischemic swine myocardium is associated with the loss of sarcolemmal phospholipids resulting in the accumulation of amphiphilic metabolites, lysophosphoglycerides and free fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid, causing electro-physiological dysfunction and cell death. Recently, phospholipids containing a vinyl ether bond at the Sn-1 position, commonly known as plasmalogens, have been identified as major constituents of heart, which contain a large amount of arachidonic acid in the Sn-2 position. Because of the potential importance of plasmalogens, the fatty acid composition of the choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides in swine heart was determined. Lipids were extracted from the left ventricular biopsies from swine heart, phosphoglycerides were separated from the neutral lipids by thin layer chromatography, converted into methyl derivatives and analysed by GC. The peaks for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and dimethylacetal (DMA) derivatives of choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides were confirmed using GC-MS. The results showed high amounts of 18:1 (17 mol%), 18:2 (24 mol %) FAME in choline phosphoglycerides in contrast to the occurrence of a high amount of 20:4 (28 mol%) FAME in ethanolamine phosphoglycerides, suggesting that plasmenylethanolamine, and not plasmenylcholine, may serve as the depot for arachidonic acid in swine heart.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Potentiation of angiogenic response by ischemic and hypoxic preconditioning of the heart.

This review is intended to discuss the newly discovered role of preconditioning which should make it an attractive therapeutic stimulus for repairing the injured myocardium. We recently found that apart from rendering the myocardium tolerant to ischemic reperfusion injury, preconditioning also potentiates angiogenesis. Our study demonstrated for the first time that both ischemic and hypoxic preconditioning triggered myocardial angiogenesis at the capillary and arteriolar levels which nicely corroborated with the improved myocardial contractile function. Hypoxic preconditioning resulted in the stimulation of VEGF, the most potent angiogenic factor known to date. In concert, endothelial cell specific tyrosine kinase receptors, Tie 1, Tie 2 and Flt-1 and Flk-1 were also significantly enhanced in the preconditioned myocardium. The redox-regulated transcription factor NF kappa B was found to play an essential role in the preconditioning regulation of angiogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Molluscum contagiosum. A case report with fine needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis and ultrastructural features.

BACKGROUND: Cytomorphologic and ultrastructural features of molluscum contagiosum, a rare skin lesion of viral etiology, are presented. CASE: A 4-month-old female was referred for fine needle aspiration cytology of papules over the back and chest wall. A Giemsa-stained preparation of whitish material aspirated from the chest wall nodule showed numerous large, intracytoplasmic, basophilic bodies that pushed the host cell nucleus to the periphery, giving a signet-ring appearance to a few cells. A cytologic diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum was suggested. On electron microscopy numerous intracytoplasmic viral particles were demonstrated, thus confirming the cytologic diagnosis. CONCLUSION: In clinically unsuspected cases, the cytologic diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum can be suggested by demonstrating pathognomonic molluscum bodies in aspirated material.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of a cutaneous granular cell tumor in a 7-year-old child. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Granular cell tumors are neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis, although a neural origin is favored. Most reports on the cytologic features of granular cell tumors have been on lesions from the breast or respiratory tract. However, there are only a few reports on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic diagnosis of cutaneous or soft tissue granular cell tumors. CASE: A 7-year-old girl presented with a skin lesion on her right forearm of one year's duration. The FNA smears showed sheets and clusters of oval to polygonal cells with an abundant amount of granular cytoplasm. Many single, scattered cells with similar morphology were seen in the background. Immunostaining for S-100 protein showed granular cytoplasmic positivity. The tumor was diagnosed as a benign granular cell tumor. The histopathology report on the excised lesion confirmed the FNA diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The cytopathologic features of granular cell tumors presenting as skin lesions are distinctive enough to allow a correct diagnosis on FNA cytology.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pelvic abscess from enterobius vermicularis. Report of a case with cytologic detection of eggs and worms.

BACKGROUND: Enterobius vermicularis is known to produce perianal and ischioanal abscesses and invade the peritoneal cavity via the female reproductive system, causing pelvic peritonitis. However, there are only rare case reports on the cytodiagnosis of these parasitic lesions. CASE: A 28-year-old woman was admitted with a tender left iliac fossa mass and greenish vaginal discharge. Ultrasonogram and computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of a mass lesion suggestive of a tuboovarian abscess. Cytologic examination of the pus obtained during left salpingo-oophorectomy revealed the presence of ova of E vermicularis and fragments of the adult worm in an inflammatory exudate consisting predominantly of neutrophils, eosinophils and occasional epithelioid cell granulomas. Paraffin sections of the tuboovarian mass showed necrotizing epithelioid cell granulomas, but neither ova nor any worm section was identified. Although the possibility of tuberculosis was considered histologically, Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) stain for acid-fast bacilli was negative. Z-N staining of the smear and mycobacterial culture of the pus also did not yield positive results. CONCLUSION: E vermicularis may cause tuboovarian abscess with necrotizing epithelioid granulomas mimicking tuberculosis. Cytologic examination of the pus is helpful in the diagnosis.

Abscess↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroblastoma with concomitant giardiasis: report of a case with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of two pathologies, including a neoplasm and infectious condition, by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the same patient is rare. CASE: A 2-year-old, male child presented with fever, abdominal pain and abdominal mass. Imaging findings were strongly in favor of a neuroblastoma. FNA smears from the mass revealed fecal material containing numerous trophozoites of Giardia lamblia. FNA was repeated in view of the imaging findings. Repeat smears showed a small round cell tumor with rosettes and background filamentous/fibrillar material consistent with a neuroblastoma. Chemotherapy reduced the mass considerably. Histopathology of the resected residual mass revealed a ganglioneuroma in addition to remnants of neuroblastoma. The patient was free of disease two years after the initiation of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: When FNA cytology shows an infectious pathology in the clinical and imaging setting of a tumor, FNA should be repeated so that an important component of the diagnosis is not missed.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a 6-month-old child: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Skin biopsy and scrape smear examination are the two most commonly employed investigatory techniques in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although cases Leishmania lymphadenitis are reliably diagnosed with fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, it has not attained popularity in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and only a few reports are available. CASE: A 6-month-old Kuwaiti child presented with a skin lesion on her left forearm of five months' duration. Both scrape smears and FNA were performed from the lesion. FNA cytology smears showed a rich population of inflammatory cells predominating in lymphocytes and histiocytes and epithelioid cell granulomas. The amastigote forms of Leishmania were noted on the smears. The scrape smears were nondiagnostic. CONCLUSION: FNA cytology can be reliably used in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis, especially in dry lesions, where scrape smears are likely to be nondiagnostic.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric acute leukemia presenting as bilateral renal enlargement. Report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytologic features suggestive of megakaryocytic differentiation.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia involving the kidney has rarely been reported, but acute leukemia with cytologic features suggestive of megakaryocytic differentiation has not been described before. CASE: An 8-month-old male presented with an abdominal swelling, bilateral cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathy and enlarged left epididymis. Ultrasonography of the abdomen revealed a space-occupying lesion in the liver and bilateral enlargement of the kidneys. FNA smears from the right kidney and right submandibular lymph node showed numerous blast cells. Since rare blast cells were positive for myeloperoxidase, a cytodiagnosis of involvement by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was made. However, following the hematologic diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) from peripheral blood and bone marrow smear examination, FNA smears were reviewed. There were cytoplasmic blebs or protrusions in the blast cells and cytologic features suggestive of their differentiation toward micro-megakaryocytes and megakaryocytes. There was also evidence of shedding of platelets, including numerous giant platelets. The reviewed FNA cytodiagnosis was suggestive of AML (M7). CONCLUSION: Extramedullary involvement by acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) can be suspected based on cytomorphologic features in FNA smears.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CD-30(Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma in a pleural effusion. A case report with diagnosis by cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical studies.

BACKGROUND: Reports on cytodiagnosis of Ki-1-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are rare. This report describes one such case diagnosed by cytologic examination of a pleural effusion and confirmed by immunocytochemistry. CASE: An 87-year-old male presented with breathlessness, fever and a cough. Computed tomographic scan of the thorax showed a small, right, pleura-based nodule with infiltration of the immediate surroundings in addition to a massive, right-sided pleural effusion. Cytologic examination of pleural fluid revealed a heterogeneous population of cells comprising small mature lymphocytes, and numerous medium and large atypical lymphoid cells having frequent nuclear irregularity. Occasional very large cells resembling Reed-Sternberg cells or multinucleated cells with a horseshoe or wreathlike arrangement of nuclei (doughnut cells) were also present. Cytomorphology was suggestive of Ki-1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Immunocytochemistry revealed intense positivity for CD-30, positivity for LCA and EMA in a variable number of cells and a negative result for cytokeratin except for occasional cells. CONCLUSION: Cytologic examination of pleural fluid can serve as a useful tool for the initial diagnosis of Ki-1-positive ALCL.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Solitary nodular goiter. Review of cytomorphologic features in 441 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To study the cytomorphologic features of solitary nodular goiters (SNG). STUDY DESIGN: May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained smears in 441 SNG diagnosed by ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration (FNA) and found to have optimum cellular material at review were subjected to detailed cytologic assessment. The age of the patients ranged from 11 to 75 years, with a median of 35. Male: female ratio was 69:372. The parameters for cytologic assessment included cellularity, colloid content, acinar formation, papillary formation, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, nuclear grooves, marginal vacuoles, Hürthle cells and various inflammatory cells. Histopathology reports on thyroidectomy specimens were available in 27 cases from two Delhi hospitals. RESULTS: Hyperplastic nodules (68 cases) differed significantly from colloid goiters (269 cases) by having more cases with excessive cellularity, acinar formation and marginal vacuoles (P < .001). There was also a significant difference with respect to papillary formation and moderate-to-excessive colloid content (P < .001). As compared to hyperplastic nodules, neoplasms (60 cases) had a significantly higher number of cases with papillary formation, intranuclear inclusions and nuclear grooves but lower number of cases with marginal vacuoles (P < .01-.001). Among neoplasms, usual papillary carcinoma (19 cases) differed from follicular neoplasms (20 cases) with respect to acinar formation, papillary formation and nuclear grooves (P < .001). A significant difference was also observed with respect to colloid content and nuclear inclusions. Follicular variant of papillary carcinomas (FVPC) (10 cases) emerged as a distinct cytologic entity following review and differed from usual papillary carcinomas in having a higher number of cases with acinar formation, tubular formation and marginal vacuoles (P < .01-.001) and lower number of cases with nuclear grooves (P = .05). FVPC also differed from follicular neoplasms with respect to papillary formation, tubular formation, intranuclear inclusions and nuclear grooves (P < .01-.001). Overall cytohistologic agreement was achieved in 24 of 27 (88.9%) cases. CONCLUSION: Detailed cytologic assessment of FNA smears-in SNG was helpful in highlighting parameters that differentiate between various types of goiters.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Esophageal tuberculosis. Endoscopic cytology as a diagnostic tool.

OBJECTIVE: To study the utility of endoscopic cytology in the diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis in clinically unsuspected cases. STUDY DESIGN: During a period of four years, endoscopic cytology of esophageal lesions was performed on 228 patients. In eight (3.5%) the cytologic diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis was suggested on smears. Upon endoscopic examination, the sites of involvement were mid esophagus (five cases), upper esophagus (two cases) and lower esophagus (one case). Linear ulcer was seen in six cases; growth and narrowing of the lumen were seen in one case each. Endoscopic brush smears in seven cases and fine needle aspiration cytology smear in one case were collected. Air-dried smears stained by Giemsa stain were reviewed for detailed cytologic assessment. RESULTS: Smears showed well-defined granulomas with necrosis in five cases and granulomas without necrosis in three. Cytologic evidence of concurrent poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was observed in one case. Tubercle bacilli were demonstrated in five cases. Endoscopic biopsy showed granulomas in three cases and tubercle bacilli in one case. In six cases there was no clinical or radiologic evidence of tuberculosis at other sites, thereby suggesting the possibility of primary esophageal tuberculosis. The remaining two cases had a past history of tuberculosis; one presented with cervical lymphadenopathy and one mediastinal lymphadenopathy. All patients received antitubercular treatment, and the patient with concurrent malignancy also received radiotherapy. All but one of the patients who succumbed to aspiration pneumonia responded to treatment. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic cytology is a useful modality in the diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis in clinically unsuspected cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral leiomyosarcoma in childhood. Report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytology.

BACKGROUND: Leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors in the pediatric age group, and occurrence of this neoplasm in the oral cavity is exceedingly rare. This article highlights the fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology diagnosis of a case of recurrent oral leiomyosarcoma in childhood. CASE: An 11-year-old male noticed a swelling in the oral cavity near the left lower jaw. It was excised and diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma on histopathology. Four months later the patient presented with a progressive swelling in the oral cavity that extended to the lower jaw. The recurrent swelling was subjected to FNA, and its cytologic features were consistent with leiomyosarcoma. There was a very good initial response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, because of noncompliance with advice for further therapy, the patient had a second local recurrence and dissemination of the disease to the skeletal system, abdomen and thorax. FNA cytology diagnosis of the second locally recurrent lesion and abdominal mass were consistent with leiomyosarcoma. Immunocytochemical staining revealed a positive reaction in the cytoplasm of tumor cells for vimentin and desmin in the FNA smear and paraffin section, respectively. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a useful technique for detection of recurrence and metastasis during follow-up of childhood oral leiomyosarcoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Marginal vacuoles in thyroid aspirates.

OBJECTIVES: To report on two cases of metastatic follicular carcinoma with marginal vacuoles (MVs) and review smear results in 441 solitary nodular goiters (SNGs) for this cytologic feature. STUDY DESIGN: The first case was a 55-year-old male who presented with a huge mass in the left hip region; the second case was a 50-year-old male with a thyroid nodule and a large mass on the scalp. The age of the 441 ultrasonographically diagnosed SNG cases ranged from 11 to 75 years. The May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears of these cases were reviewed by one of the authors (D.K.D.) for various cytomorphologic features, including MVs. RESULTS: FNA smears from the mass in the hip in the first case showed follicular cells with acinar formation and MVs, indicating metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). These features were of help in detecting the thyroid primary, which had previously gone undetected. Aspiration smears from the thyroid nodule and the mass on the scalp in the second case showed tumor cells of FTC with MVs and microfilariae. Review of 441 SNG cases revealed MVs in 42.6% of hyperplastic nodules; that rate was significantly higher (P < .001) than that of colloid goiter (5.2%) and neoplastic goiter (13.3%) but lower (P < .05) than that of thyrotoxic goiter (100%). MVs were limited to neoplasms with a follicular component; that included 15% of follicular neoplasms and 50% of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FVPC). The difference between FVPC and the rest of the neoplastic goiters (6%) was statistically significant (P = .002).

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of a fungal lesion of the Verticillium species. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has great potential for the diagnosis of fungal lesions and other opportunistic infections, the frequency of which is rising due to immunosuppression, travel and environmental exposure. However, reports on FNA diagnosis of fungal lesions are rare. CASE: A 40-year-old male juvenile diabetic presented with a 5 x 4-cm swelling over the upper part of the left arm. He had a recent history of a left nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma followed by radiotherapy. At the time of presentation, he was also receiving chemotherapy and interferon alpha-2a for a suspected pulmonary metastasis. FNA smears from the swelling showed an inflammatory exudate rich in neutrophils and a few septate fungal hyphae that branched at acute angle. Gomori's silver methenamine stain and periodic acid-Schiff stain revealed numerous fungal hyphae. The provisional diagnosis based on the cytomorphologic features was aspergillosis. However, culture of the aspirate confirmed the fungus to be of the Verticillium species. The lesion on the left arm responded to antifungal therapy, and the swelling disappeared gradually. CONCLUSION: FNA cytology was very useful in the diagnosis of a rare fungal lesion that was not clinically suspected in spite of the fact that the patient was a highly susceptible candidate for it.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Small round cell tumors of the abdomen and thorax. Role of fine needle aspiration cytologic features in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of cytomorphologic features in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of small round cell tumor (SRCT) of the abdomen and thorax. STUDY DESIGN: During a period of six years (1985-1990), ultrasound/ computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology was performed on thoracic and abdominal/ pelvic masses in 899 cases. Slides were not available for review in 28 cases. Review of smears by one of the investigators (D.K.D.) in the remaining cases, which included 239 with intrathoracic and 632 with intraabdominal/pelvic masses, yielded 380 (43.6%) cases of malignancy. Of these, 71 (18.7%) cases were small round cell tumors. In 59 cases of SRCT the smears were found suitable for detailed assessment of cytomorphologic features. RESULTS: The 59 cases of small round cell tumors included 5 cases of neuroblastoma, 7 of hepatoblastoma, 4 of nephroblastoma, 1 of pulmonary blastoma, 2 of Ewing's sarcoma, 23 of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 15 of small cell anaplastic carcinoma (SCAC), 1 NHL/SCAC and 1 small round cell tumor (not otherwise specified). The frequencies of rosettes (60%) and filamentous/fibrillar matrix (100%) in neuroblastoma; acinar formation in hepatoblastoma (100%) and SCAC (93.3%); tubule formation in nephroblastoma (100%); lipid vacuoles (69.6%), exclusive noncohesive cells (95.7%) and lymphoglandular bodies (87%) in NHL; and nuclear molding (100%) and paranuclear blue inclusions (60%) in SCAC were significantly higher as compared to the rest of the SRCTs (P < .01 to < .0001). CONCLUSION: The various cytomorphologic features, alone or in conjunction with other cytologic features, and clinical/imaging findings are very useful in the diagnosis of specific types of SRCT.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗